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the party won all but six of the seats

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1 all

all [ɔ:l]

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1. adjective

2. pronoun

3. adverb

4. noun

5. compounds

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► When all is part of a set combination, eg in all probability, of all people, look up the noun.

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1. adjective

tout (le), toute (la) tous (les), toutes (les)

• all the time tout le temps

• all my life toute ma vie

• all kinds of toutes sortes de

• all the others tous (or toutes) les autres

• all that tout cela

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

► Articles or pronouns often need to be added in French.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

• all day toute la journée

• all three tous les trois

• all three said the same ils ont tous les trois dit la même chose

• all three accused were found guilty of fraud les accusés ont tous (les) trois été reconnus coupables de fraude

2. pronoun

   a. ( = everything) tout

• all or nothing tout ou rien

• all is well tout va bien

• that's all c'est tout

• you can't see all of Paris in a day on ne peut pas voir tout Paris en une journée

► it all tout

• he drank it all il a tout bu

• he's seen it all, done it all il a tout vu, tout fait

• it all happened so quickly tout s'est passé si vite► all that (subject of relative clause) tout ce qui

• that's all that matters c'est tout ce qui importe

• you can have all that's left tu peux prendre tout ce qui reste► all (that) (object of relative clause) tout ce que ; (after verb taking "de") tout ce dont

• all I want is to sleep tout ce que je veux, c'est dormir

• that is all he said c'est tout ce qu'il a dit

• we saw all there was to see nous avons vu tout ce qu'il y avait à voir

• all I remember is... tout ce dont je me souviens, c'est...

• it was all I could do not to laugh j'ai eu toutes les peines du monde à me retenir de rire

   b. (plural) tous mpl, toutes fpl

• we all sat down nous nous sommes tous assis

• the girls all knew that... les filles savaient toutes que...

• they were all broken ils étaient tous cassés

• the peaches? I've eaten them all! les pêches ? je les ai toutes mangées !

► all who tous ceux qui mpl toutes celles qui fpl

• all who knew him loved him tous ceux qui le connaissaient l'appréciaient

• education should be open to all who want it l'éducation devrait être accessible à tous ceux qui veulent en bénéficier► superlative + of all

• this was the biggest disappointment of all for me ça a été ma grosse déception

• this result was the most surprising of all ce résultat était des plus surprenants

• best of all, the reforms will cost nothing et surtout, ces réformes ne coûteront rien

   c. ► all of the tout le m toute la f tous les mpl toutes les fpl

• all of the work tout le travail

• all of the cooking toute la cuisine

• all of the cakes went tous les gâteaux ont été mangés► all of it

• I gave him some soup and he ate all of it je lui ai donné de la soupe et il a tout mangé

• I didn't read all of it je ne l'ai pas lu en entier

• not all of it was true ce n'était pas entièrement vrai► all of them tous mpl toutes fpl

• all of them failed ils ont tous échoué

• I love his short stories, I've read all of them j'aime beaucoup ses nouvelles, je les ai toutes lues► all of + number ( = at least)

it took him all of 3 hours ça lui a pris 3 bonnes heures

• it weighed all of 30 kilos ça pesait bien 30 kilos

• exploring the village took all of ten minutes ( = only) la visite du village a bien dû prendre dix minutes

3. adverb

   a. ( = entirely) tout

• she was dressed all in white elle était habillée tout en blanc

• she came in all dishevelled elle est arrivée tout ébouriffée

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

► When used with a feminine adjective starting with a consonant, tout agrees.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

• she went all red elle est devenue toute rouge

► all by myself etc, all alone tout seul

• he had to do it all by himself il a dû le faire tout seul

• she's all alone elle est toute seule

• she left her daughters all alone in the flat elle a laissé ses filles toutes seules dans l'appartement

   b. (in scores) the score was two all (tennis, squash) les joueurs étaient à deux jeux (or sets) partout ; (other sports) le score était de deux à deux

• what's the score? -- two all quel est le score ? -- deux partout or deux à deux

4. noun

( = utmost) I decided to give it my all j'ai décidé de donner mon maximum

• he puts his all into every game il s'investit complètement dans chaque match

5. (set structures)

► all along ( = from the start) depuis le début ; ( = the whole length of) tout le long de

• I feared that all along je l'ai craint depuis le début

• all along the road tout le long de la route► all but ( = nearly) presque ; ( = all except) tous sauf

• he is all but forgotten now il est presque tombé dans l'oubli

• the party won all but six of the seats le parti a remporté tous les sièges sauf six► all for

• to be all for sth être tout à fait pour qch

• I'm all for giving him a chance je suis tout à fait d'accord pour lui donner une chance

• I'm all for it je suis tout à fait pour (inf)► all in all ( = altogether) l'un dans l'autre

• we thought, all in all, it wasn't a bad idea nous avons pensé que, l'un dans l'autre, ce n'était pas une mauvaise idée► all one

• it's all one c'est du pareil au même

• it's all one to them c'est du pareil au même pour eux► all over ( = everywhere) partout

• I looked for you all over je vous ai cherché partout

• all over France partout en France

• he was trembling all over il tremblait de tous ses membres

• all over the country dans tout le pays

• all over the world dans le monde entier

• that's him all over (inf) on le reconnaît bien là !► to be all over ( = finished) être fini

• it's all over! c'est fini !

• it's all over between us tout est fini entre nous► to be all over sb (inf) ( = affectionate with)

they were all over each other ils étaient pendus au cou l'un de l'autre► all the more

• this was all the more surprising since... c'était d'autant plus surprenant que...

• all the more so since... d'autant plus que...► all the better! tant mieux !

► all too

• it was all too obvious he didn't mean it on voyait bien qu'il n'en pensait rien

• the evening passed all too quickly la soirée a passé bien trop rapidement► all very

• that's all very well but... c'est bien beau mais...

• it was all very embarrassing c'était vraiment très gênant► and all

• the dog ate the sausage, mustard and all le chien a mangé la saucisse avec la moutarde et tout (inf)

• what with the snow and all, we didn't go avec la neige et tout le reste, nous n'y sommes pas allés► as all that

• it's not as important as all that ce n'est pas si important que ça► for all... ( = despite) malgré

• for all its beauty, the city... malgré sa beauté, la ville...

• for all that malgré tout► for all I know...

• for all I know he could be right il a peut-être raison, je n'en sais rien

• for all I know, they're still living together autant que je sache, ils vivent encore ensemble► if... at all

• they won't attempt it, if they have any sense at all ils ne vont pas essayer s'ils ont un peu de bon sens

• the little grammar they learn, if they study grammar at all le peu de grammaire qu'ils apprennent, si tant est qu'il étudient la grammaire

• very rarely if at all très rarement pour ne pas dire jamais

• if at all possible dans la mesure du possible► in all en tout

► no... at all

• it makes no difference at all ça ne fait aucune différence

• I have no regrets at all je n'ai aucun regret► none at all

• have you any comments? -- none at all! vous avez des commentaires à faire ? -- absolument aucun !► not... at all ( = not in the least) pas... du tout

• I don't mind at all ça ne me gêne pas du tout

• are you disappointed? -- not at all! vous êtes déçu ? -- pas du tout

• thank you! -- not at all! merci ! -- de rien !► not all that ( = not so)

it isn't all that far ce n'est pas si loin que ça

6. compounds

► all-American adjective cent pour cent américain

► all-around adjective (US) [sportsman] complet (- ète f)

► all clear noun fin f d'alerte

• all clear! ( = you can go through) la voie est libre ; ( = the alert is over) l'alerte est passée

• to give sb the all clear ( = authorize) donner le feu vert à qn ; (doctor to patient) dire à qn que tout va bien ► all-embracing adjective global

► all fours plural noun

• on all fours à quatre pattes ► all-in adjective (British) [price] tout compris inv

► all-inclusive adjective [price, rate] tout compris inv

► all-in-one noun combinaison f adjective

• an all-in-one outfit une combinaison ► all out adverb

• to go all out (physically) y aller à fond

• to go all out for monetary union jeter toutes ses forces dans la bataille pour l'union monétaire ► all-out strike noun grève f générale

► all-out war noun guerre f totale

► all-over tan noun bronzage m intégral

► all-party adjective multipartite

► all-points bulletin noun (US) message m à toutes les patrouilles (on à propos de)

► all-powerful adjective tout-puissant

► all-purpose adjective [flour, vehicle, cleaner] tous usages ; [knife, glue] universel

► all-round adjective [sportsman] complet (- ète f)

► all-rounder noun

• to be a good all-rounder être bon en tout ► all-seater stadium noun (British) stade n'ayant que des places assises

► all-star adjective (Theatre, cinema)

all-star cast plateau m de vedettes ► all-terrain bike noun vélo m tout-terrain, VTT m

► all-terrain vehicle noun véhicule m tout-terrain

► all told adverb en tout

► all-weather adjective toute saison, tout temps

• all-weather court (Tennis) (terrain m en) quick m ► all-year-round adjective [resort] ouvert toute l'année

• jogging's an all-year-round sport le jogging se pratique toute l'année

* * *
[ɔːl] 1.
pronoun

1) ( everything) tout

to risk all — tout risquer

all is not lost — tout n'est pas perdu

all was well — tout allait bien

all will be revealed — hum vous saurez tout hum

will that be all? — ce sera tout?

that's all — ( all contexts) c'est tout

500 in all — 500 en tout

all in all — somme toute

after all she's been through — après tout ce qu'elle a vécu

it's not all (that) it should be — ça laisse à désirer

all because he didn't write — tout ça parce qu'il n'a pas écrit

2) ( the only thing) tout

that's all I want — c'est tout ce que je veux

she's all I have left — elle est tout ce qui me reste

all I know is that — tout ce que je sais c'est que

that's all we need! — iron il ne manquait plus que ça!

3) ( everyone) tous

all wish to participate — tous souhaitent participer

thank you, one and all — merci à (vous) tous

‘all welcome’ — ‘venez nombreux’

4) ( the whole amount)

all of our belongings — toutes nos affaires

not all of the time — pas tout le temps

5) ( emphasizing entirety)

we all feel that — nous avons tous l'impression que

it all seems so pointless — tout cela paraît si futile

I ate it all — j'ai tout mangé

what's it all for? — ( all contexts) à quoi ça sert (tout ça)?
2.
determiner

1) ( each one of) tous/toutes

all those who — tous ceux qui

in all three films — dans les trois films

2) ( the whole of) tout/toute

all his life — toute sa vie

all year round — toute l'année

you are all the family I have! — tu es toute la famille qui me reste!

3) ( total)

in all honesty — en toute franchise

4) ( any)

beyond all expectations — au-delà de toute attente

to deny all knowledge of something — nier avoir connaissance de quelque chose
3.
adverb

1) (emphatic: completely) tout

all alone — tout seul

to be all wet — être tout mouillé

all in white — tout en blanc

all along the canal — tout le long du canal

to be all for something — être tout à fait pour quelque chose

it's all about... — c'est l'histoire de...

tell me all about it! — raconte-moi tout!

he's forgotten all about us! — il nous a complètement oubliés!

2) (emphatic: nothing but)

to be all smiles — ( happy) être tout souriant; ( two-faced) être tout sourire

3) Sport

(they are) six all — (il y a) six partout
4.
noun

to give one's all — tout sacrifier
5.
all+ combining form ( completely)

all-concrete — tout en béton

all-digital/-electronic — entièrement numérique/électronique

all-female/-male — [group] composé uniquement de femmes/d'hommes
6.
all along adverbial phrase [know etc] depuis le début, toujours
7.
all but adverbial phrase pratiquement, presque
8.
all of adverbial phrase

to be all of 50 — avoir au moins 50 ans
9.
all that adverbial phrase

not all that strong — pas si fort que ça

I don't know her all that well — je ne la connais pas si bien que ça
10.
all the adverbial phrase

all the more — [difficult, effective] d'autant plus (before adj)

to laugh all the more — rire encore plus

all the better! — tant mieux!
11.
all too adverbial phrase [accurate, easy, widespread, often] bien trop

she saw all too clearly that — elle a parfaitement bien vu que
12.
and all adverbial phrase

1)

they moved books and all — ils ont tout déménagé y compris les livres

2) (colloq) GB

what with the heat and all — avec la chaleur et tout ça
13.
at all adverbial phrase

not at all! — ( acknowledging thanks) de rien!; ( answering query) pas du tout!

it is not at all certain — ce n'est pas du tout certain

if (it is) at all possible — si possible

is it at all likely that...? — y a-t-il la moindre possibilité que...? (+ subj)

nothing at all — rien du tout

if you knew anything at all about — si tu avais la moindre idée de
14.
for all prepositional phrase, adverbial phrase

1) ( despite)

for all that — malgré tout, quand même

2) ( as regards)

for all I know — pour autant que je sache
15.
of all prepositional phrase

1) ( in rank)

the easiest of all — le plus facile

first/last of all — pour commencer/finir

2) ( emphatic)

why today of all days? — pourquoi justement aujourd'hui?

of all the nerve! — quel culot!

••

he's not all there — (colloq) il n'a pas toute sa tête

it's all go (colloq) here! — GB on s'active (colloq) ici!

it's all one to me — ça m'est égal

it was all I could do not to laugh — il a fallu que je me retienne pour ne pas rire

that's all very well —

that's all well and good — tout ça c'est bien beau

English-French dictionary > all
2 all

1. attributive adjective
1) (entire extent or quantity of) ganz

all day — den ganzen Tag

for all that — trotz allem

all his life — sein ganzes Leben

all my money — all mein Geld; mein ganzes Geld

stop all this noise/shouting! — hör mit dem Krach/Geschrei auf!

thank you for all your hard work — danke für all deine Anstrengungen

get away from it all — einmal von allem abschalten

that says it all — das sagt alles

2) (entire number of) alle

all the books — alle Bücher

all my books — all[e] meine Bücher

where are all the glasses? — wo sind all die Gläser?

all ten men — alle zehn Männer

we all went to bed — wir gingen alle schlafen

all the others — alle anderen

all Goethe's works — sämtliche Werke Goethes

why he of all people? — warum ausgerechnet er?

people of all ages — Menschen jeden Alters

All Fools' Day — der 1. April

3) (any whatever) jeglicher/jegliche/jegliches

4) (greatest possible)

in all innocence — in aller Unschuld

with all speed — so schnell wie möglich
2. noun
1) (all persons) alle

all present — alle Anwesenden

one and all — [alle] ohne Ausnahme

all and sundry — Krethi und Plethi

all of us — wir alle

the happiest/most beautiful of all — der/die Glücklichste/die Schönste unter allen

most of all — am meisten

he ran fastest of all — er lief am schnellsten

2) (every bit)

all of it/the money — alles/das ganze od. alles Geld

3)

all of (coll.): (as much as) be all of seven feet tall — gut sieben Fuß groß sein

4) (all things) alles

all I need is the money — ich brauche nur das Geld

all is not lost — es ist nicht alles verloren

it's all or nothing — es geht ums Ganze

most of all — am meisten

give one's all — sein Letztes geben

it was all but impossible — es war fast unmöglich

all in all — alles in allem

it's all the same or all one to me — es ist mir ganz egal od. völlig gleichgültig

that's all very well — das ist alles schön und gut

can I help you at all? — kann ich Ihnen irgendwie behilflich sein?

I do not care at all — es ist mir völlig gleich

you are not disturbing me at all — du störst mich nicht im geringsten

were you surprised at all? — warst du denn überrascht?

nothing at all — gar nichts

not at all happy/well — überhaupt nicht glücklich/gesund

not at all! — überhaupt nicht!; (acknowledging thanks) gern geschehen!; nichts zu danken!

if at all — wenn überhaupt

in all — insgesamt

5) (Sport)

two [goals] all — zwei zu zwei; (Tennis)

thirty all — dreißig beide
3. adverb
ganz

all but — fast

he all but fell down — er wäre fast heruntergefallen

all the better/worse [for that] — um so besser/schlimmer

I feel all the better for it — das hat mir wirklich gut getan

all at once — (suddenly) plötzlich; (simultaneously) alle[s] zugleich

all too soon — allzu schnell

be all for something — (coll.) sehr für etwas sein

be all in — (exhausted) total od. völlig erledigt sein (ugs.)

go all out [to do something] — alles daransetzen[, etwas zu tun]

be all ready [to go] — (coll.) fertig [zum Weggehen] sein (ugs.)

something is all right — etwas ist in Ordnung; (tolerable) etwas ist ganz gut

did you get home all right? — sind Sie gut nach Hause gekommen?

I'm all right — mir geht es ganz gut

work out all right — gut gehen; klappen (ugs.)

that's her, all right — das ist sie, ganz recht

yes, all right — ja, gut

is it all right if I go in? — kann ich reingehen?

it's all right by or with me — das ist mir recht

lie all round the room — überall im Zimmer herumliegen

I don't think he's all there — (coll.) ich glaube, er ist nicht ganz da (ugs.)

all the same — trotzdem

it's all the same to me — es ist mir einerlei

* * *
[o:l] 1. adjective, pronoun
1) (the whole (of): He ate all the cake; He has spent all of his money.) ganz

2) (every one (of a group) when taken together: They were all present; All men are equal.) alle
2. adverb
1) (entirely: all alone; dressed all in white.) ganz

2) ((with the) much; even: Your low pay is all the more reason to find a new job; I feel all the better for a shower.) um so

•

- academic.ru/94374/all-clear">all-clear
- all-out
- all-round
- all-rounder
- all-terrain vehicle
- all along
- all at once
- all in
- all in all
- all over
- all right
- in all
* * *

all

[ɒ:l, AM also ɑ:l]

I. adj attr, inv

1. + pl n (the whole number of, every one of) alle

are those \all the documents you can find? sind das alle Papiere, die du finden kannst?

\all my glasses are broken alle meine [o meine ganzen] Gläser sind kaputt, meine Gläser sind alle [o fam allesamt] kaputt

\all children should have a right to education alle Kinder sollten ein Recht auf Bildung haben

\all her children go to public school alle ihre Kinder besuchen eine Privatschule, ihre Kinder besuchen alle [o fam allesamt] ein Privatschule

20% of \all items sold had been reduced 20 % aller verkauften Artikel waren reduziert

\all six [of the] men are electricians alle sechs [Männer] sind Elektriker

I had to use \all my powers of persuasion ich musste meine ganze Überzeugungskraft aufbieten

I've locked myself out — of \all the stupid things to do! ich habe mich ausgeschlossen! — wie kann man nur so blöd sein!

on \all fours auf allen vieren

from \all directions aus allen Richtungen

\all the people alle [Leute]

why did the take him, of \all people? warum haben sie ausgerechnet ihn genommen?

\all the others alle anderen

2. + sing n (the whole of) der/die/das ganze...

they lost \all their money sie haben ihr ganzes Geld verloren

\all day [long] den ganzen Tag [lang]

\all her life ihr ganzes Leben

for \all the money trotz des ganzen Geldes

\all the time die ganze Zeit

he was unemployed for \all that time er war all die Zeit [o die ganze Zeit über] [o während der ganzen Zeit] arbeitslos

\all the way den ganzen [weiten] Weg

\all week/year die ganze Woche/das ganze Jahr

3. + sing n (every type of) jede(r, s)

\all wood should be treated jedes Holz sollte [o alle Holzarten sollten] behandelt werden

4. (the greatest possible) all

with \all haste [or speed] [or dispatch] ( form) so schnell wie möglich

in \all honesty [or sincerity] ganz ehrlich

with \all due respect,... bei allem Respekt,..., mit Verlaub,... geh

with \all speed so schnell wie möglich

in \all probability aller Wahrscheinlichkeit nach

5. (any whatever) jegliche(r, s)

she denied \all knowledge of the matter sie stritt ab, irgendetwas über die Sache zu wissen

beyond \all doubt jenseits allen Zweifels

6.

▶ for \all trotz + gen

for \all her money she is not happy trotz ihres ganzen Geldes ist sie nicht glücklich

▶ \all good things must come to an end ( prov) alles hat ein Ende

▶ ... and \all that jazz [or (pej!) rubbish]... und das ganze Zeug pej fam

▶ not as... as \all that:

he's not as rich as \all that so reich ist er nun auch wieder nicht

II. pron

1. (the total, everybody, every one) alle

the best-looking of \all der Bestaussehende von allen

we saw \all of them wir haben [sie] alle gesehen

\all of them [or they \all] liked the film der Film hat ihnen allen [o allen von ihnen] gefallen

the house has four bedrooms, \all with balconies das Haus hat vier Schlafzimmer, alle mit Balkon

her last novel was [the] best of \all ihr letzter Roman war der beste von allen

\all but one of the pupils came to the outing bis auf einen Schüler nahmen alle am Ausflug teil

\all and sundry jedermann, Gott und die Welt

one and \all alle

let's sing now one and \all! lasst uns jetzt alle zusammen singen!

\all but... alle außer..., bis auf...

2. (everything) alles

it was \all very strange es war alles sehr seltsam

\all is not lost yet noch ist nicht alles verloren

tell me \all about it erzähl mir alles darüber

he's eaten \all of it [or eaten it \all] er hat alles aufgegessen

have you drunk \all of the milk? hast du die ganze Milch getrunken?

first of \all zuerst; (most importantly) vor allem

most of \all am meisten

there are many professions which interest him, but most of \all, he'd like to be a zookeeper viele Berufe interessieren ihn, aber am liebsten wäre er Zoowärter

\all in one alles in einem

a corkscrew and bottle-opener \all in one ein Korkenzieher und Flaschenöffner in einem

to give [or put] one's \all alles [o sein Letztes] geben

and \all ( fam) und all dem

what with the fog and \all, I'd really not drive tonight ( fam) bei dem Nebel und so möchte ich heute Nacht wirklich nicht fahren fam

3. + relative clause (the only thing) alles

it was \all that he had es war alles, was er hatte

it's \all [that] I can do for you mehr kann ich nicht für dich tun

\all I want is to be left alone ich will nur in Ruhe gelassen werden

the remark was so silly, it was \all she could do not to laugh die Bemerkung war so dumm, dass sie sich sehr zusammenreißen musste, um nicht zu lachen

\all [that] it takes is a little bit of luck man braucht nur etwas Glück

that's \all I need right now ( iron) das hat mir jetzt gerade noch gefehlt pej

for \all...:

for \all I care,.... von mir aus...

for \all I know,... (as far as I know) soviel [o soweit] ich weiß...; (I don't know) was weiß ich,...

are the married? — for \all I know they could be sind sie verheiratet? — was weiß ich, schon möglich!

where is she? — for \all I know she could be on holidays wo ist sie? — was weiß ich, vielleicht [ist sie] im Urlaub!

4. (for emphasis)

at \all überhaupt

do you ever travel to the States at \all? fährst du überhaupt je in die Staaten?

if at \all wenn überhaupt

nothing [or not anything] at \all überhaupt nichts

not at \all überhaupt nicht

thanks very much for your help — not at \all, it was a pleasure vielen Dank für Ihre Hilfe — keine Ursache [o nichts zu danken], es war mir ein Vergnügen

5.

▶ and \all ( fam: as well) auch

I'm cold — yeah, me and \all mir ist kalt — ja, mir auch

get one for me and \all bring mir auch einen

▶ \all for one, and one for \all ( saying) alle für einen, einer für alle

▶ in \all insgesamt

that's £20 in \all das macht alles zusammen 20 Pfund

▶ \all in \all alles in allem

▶ \all of... (at least) mindestens...; (as much as) gut...; (as little as) ganze...

it's going to cost \all of a million dollars das kostet mindestens eine Million Dollar

the book has sold \all of 200/400,000 copies von dem Buch sind ganze 200/gut 400.000 Exemplare verkauft worden

▶ to be \all one to sb jdm egal [o gleich] sein

▶ \all told insgesamt

they tried a dozen times \all told sie versuchten es insgesamt ein Dutzend Mal

▶ \all's well that ends well ( prov) Ende gut, alles gut prov

III. adv inv

1. (entirely) ganz, völlig

it's \all about money these days heutzutage geht es nur ums Geld

she's been \all round the world sie war schon überall auf der Welt

to be \all in favour of sth ganz [o völlig] begeistert von etw dat sein

\all in green ganz in Grün

to be \all in one piece heil [o unbeschädigt] sein

to be \all of a piece with sth mit etw dat völlig übereinstimmen

to spill sth \all over the place/floor etw überall/über den gesamten Boden verschütten

the baby got food \all over its bib das Baby hatte sich sein ganzes Lätzchen vollgekleckert

to be \all over the place [or BRIT shop] ( fam) überall sein

to be not \all that happy nicht gerade glücklich sein

\all alone ganz allein

\all along die ganze Zeit

she's been fooling us \all along sie hat uns die ganze Zeit getäuscht

to be \all over aus und vorbei sein

to be \all for doing sth ganz dafür sein, etw zu tun

my son is \all for spending the summer on the beach mein Sohn will den Sommer unbedingt am Strand verbringen

2. (totally, only)

the newspaper was \all advertisements die Zeitung bestand fast nur aus Anzeigen

I was \all the family she ever had ich war die einzige Familie, die sie je hatte

he was \all smiles er strahlte über das ganze Gesicht

he's \all talk [or ( fam) mouth] er ist nur ein Schwätzer pej, er schwingt nur große Worte

to be \all charm seinen ganzen Charme spielenlassen

to be \all ears ganz Ohr sein

to be \all eyes gespannt zusehen

to be \all a flutter ganz aus dem Häuschen sein fam

to be \all silk/wool aus reiner Seide/Wolle sein

3.

▪ \all the... (even) umso...; (much) viel...

\all the better [for that]! umso besser!

now that he's a star he'll be \all the more difficult to work with jetzt wo er ein Star ist, wird die Zusammenarbeit mit ihm umso schwieriger sein

I feel \all the better for your visit seit du da bist, geht es mir schon viel besser

4. (for emphasis) äußerst, ausgesprochen

she was \all excited sie war ganz aufgeregt

now don't get \all upset about it nun reg dich doch nicht so [furchtbar] darüber auf

your proposal is \all very well in theory, but... in der Theorie ist dein Vorschlag ja schön und gut, aber...

\all too... nur zu...

I'm \all too aware of the problems die Probleme sind mir nur zu gegenwärtig

the end of the holiday came \all too soon der Urlaub war nur viel zu schnell zu Ende

5. SPORT (to both sides)

the score is three \all es steht drei zu drei [unentschieden] [o drei beide

6.

to not do sth \all that well (not really) etw nicht gerade toll tun fam

she doesn't sing \all that well sie kann nicht besonders toll singen fam

to not be \all that... (not as much as thought) so... nun auch wieder nicht sein

he's not \all that important so wichtig ist er nun auch wieder nicht

7. (nearly)

\all but fast

the party was \all but over when we arrived die Party war schon fast vorbei, als wir ankamen

it was \all but impossible to read his writing es war nahezu unmöglich, seine Handschrift zu entziffern

8.

▶ to go \all out for sth alles für etw akk tun

▶ \all in (exhausted)

he felt \all in er war völlig erledigt; BRIT (including everything) alles inklusive

the holiday cost £600 \all in alles inklusive hat der Urlaub hat 600 Pfund gekostet

▶ to be \all over sb ( pej: excessively enthusiastic) sich akk [geradezu] auf jdn stürzen; ( fam: harass) jdn total anmachen fam, über jdn herfallen ÖSTERR fam

▶ that's sb \all over das sieht jdm ähnlich

he invited me out for dinner and then discovered he didn't have any money — that's Bill \all over! er lud mich ein, mit ihm auswärts zu essen, und merkte dann, dass er kein Geld bei sich hatte — typisch Bill!

▶ to be \all over the place [or BRIT shop] ( fam: badly organised) [völlig] chaotisch sein; (confused) völlig von der Rolle [o ÖSTERR daneben] sein fam

▶ \all round [or around] AM (in every way) rundum; (for each person) für alle

that was a success/good performance \all round das war ein voller Erfolg/eine rundum gelungene Vorstellung

he bought drinks \all round er gab eine Runde Getränke aus

▶ to be not \all there ( fam) nicht ganz richtig [im Kopf] sein fam, nicht alle Tassen im Schrank haben fig fam

▶ to be \all up with sb ( fam)

it looks as though it's \all up with us now es sieht so aus, als seien wir nun endgültig am Ende fam

* * *
[ɔːl]
1. ADJECTIVE
with nouns plural alle; (singular) ganze(r, s), alle(r, s)When alle is used to translate all the it is not followed by the German article.
we have considered all the possibilities — wir haben alle Möglichkeiten in Betracht gezogen

she brought all the children — sie brachte alle Kinder mit

all the problems have been solved — alle or sämtliche Probleme wurden gelöst

all kinds or sorts of people — alle möglichen Leute

all the tobacco —

all the milk all the fruit — die ganze Milch, alle Milch das ganze Obst, alles Obst

all you boys can come with me — ihr Jungen könnt alle mit mir kommen

the money was all there — alles Geld or das ganze Geld war da

where's all that water coming from? — wo kommt das ganze or all das Wasser her?

all the time — die ganze Zeit

all day ( long) — den ganzen Tag (lang)

all Spain — ganz Spanien

to dislike all sport — jeglichen Sport ablehnen

in all respects — in jeder Hinsicht

all my strength — meine ganze Kraft

all my books/friends — alle meine Bücher/Freunde, meine ganzen Bücher/Freunde

all my life — mein ganzes Leben (lang)

they all came —

we all sat down — wir setzten uns alle

I invited them all — ich habe sie alle eingeladen Note that it all is usually translated by alles alone:

he took/spent it all — er hat alles genommen/ausgegeben

it all happened so quickly — alles geschah so schnell, es geschah alles so schnell

he's seen/done it all — für ihn gibt es nichts Neues mehr, ihn kann nichts mehr erschüttern (inf)

I don't understand all that — ich verstehe das alles nicht

what's all this/that about? — was soll das Ganze?

what's all this/that? — was ist denn das?; (annoyed) was soll denn das!

what's all this I hear about you leaving? — was höre ich da! Sie wollen gehen?

with all possible speed — so schnell wie möglich

with all due care — mit angemessener Sorgfalt

with all due speed — in angemessenem Tempo

they will take all possible precautions — sie werden alle möglichen Sicherheitsvorkehrungen treffen

2. PRONOUN

1) = everything alles

all is well — alles ist gut

I'm just curious, that's all — ich bin nur neugierig, das ist alles

that's all that matters — darauf allein kommt es an

that's all he said — das ist alles, was er gesagt hat, mehr hat er nicht gesagt

that is all (that) I can tell you — mehr kann ich Ihnen nicht sagen

it was all I could do not to laugh — ich musste an mich halten, um nicht zu lachen

all of Paris/of the house — ganz Paris/das ganze Haus

all of it — alles

I don't need all of it — ich brauche nicht alles

all of 5 kms/£5 —

it took him all of three hours — er brauchte ganze drei Stunden

2) = everybody alle pl

all who knew him — alle, die ihn kannten

all of them — (sie) alle

the score was two all — es stand zwei zu zwei

3. ADVERB
(= quite, entirely) ganz
dressed all in white, all dressed in white — ganz in Weiß (gekleidet)

all woman — ganz Frau

all dirty/excited etc — ganz schmutzig/aufgeregt etc

that's all very fine or well — das ist alles ganz schön und gut

all wool — reine Wolle

an all wool carpet — ein reinwollener Teppich, ein Teppich aus reiner Wolle

it was red all over — es war ganz rot

that's Dave all over — das ist typisch Dave

all down the front of her dress — überall vorn auf ihrem Kleid

all along the road — die ganze Straße entlang

there were chairs all around the room — rundum im Zimmer standen Stühle

he ordered whiskies/drinks all round —

what's the film all about? — wovon handelt der Film überhaupt?

I'll tell you all about it — ich erzähl dir alles

it was all about a little girl — es handelte von einem kleinen Mädchen

4. NOUN
__diams; one's all alles
he staked his all on this race/deal — er setzte alles auf dieses Rennen/Unternehmen

the horses were giving their all — die Pferde gaben ihr Letztes

5. SET STRUCTURES
__diams; all along (= from the start) von Anfang an, die ganze Zeit (über)
I feared that all along — das habe ich von Anfang an befürchtet, das habe ich schon die ganze Zeit (über) befürchtet

he all but died —

he all but lost it — er hätte es fast verloren

the party won all but six of the seats — die Partei hat alle außer sechs Sitzen or alle bis auf sechs Sitze gewonnen

I'm all for it! — ich bin ganz dafür __diams; all found insgesamt, alles in allem __diams; all in ( inf

to be or feel all in — total erledigt sein (inf) __diams; all in all alles in allem

it's all one to me — das ist mir (ganz) egal or einerlei

all the hotter/prettier/happier etc — noch heißer/hübscher/glücklicher etc

all the funnier because... — umso lustiger, weil...

or vacation (US) — jetzt, wo ich Urlaub gemacht habe, gehts mir viel besser

all the more so since... —

all the better to see you with — damit ich dich besser sehen kann

all the same, it's a pity — trotzdem ist es schade

it's all the same to me —

if it's all the same to you — wenn es Ihnen egal ist

he's all there/not all there — er ist voll da/nicht ganz da (inf) __diams; all too + adjective/adverb

all too soon/quickly — viel zu or allzu früh/schnell

he ate the orange, peel and all — er hat die ganze Orange gegessen, samt der Schale

the whole family came, children and all — die Familie kam mit Kind und Kegel

what with the snow and all (inf) — mit dem ganzen Schnee und so (inf)

nothing at all — überhaupt or gar nichts

did/didn't you say anything at all? — haben Sie überhaupt etwas gesagt/gar or überhaupt nichts gesagt?

I'm not at all sure, I'm not sure at all — ich bin mir ganz und gar nicht sicher, ich bin gar nicht ganz sicher

I'm not at all angry etc, I'm not angry etc at all — ich bin überhaupt nicht wütend etc, ich bin ganz und gar nicht wütend etc

it's not bad at all — das ist gar nicht schlecht

I don't know at all — ich weiß es überhaupt nicht

if at all possible — wenn irgend möglich

for all his wealth — trotz (all) seines Reichtums

for all that — trotz allem, trotzdem

for all I know she could be ill —

is he in Paris? – for all I know he could be — ist er in Paris? – schon möglich, was weiß ich!

ten people in all — insgesamt zehn Personen __diams; all that ( US inf ) einfach super (inf)

it's not all that bad, it's not as bad as all that — so schlimm ist es nun auch wieder nicht

it isn't all THAT expensive! — so teuer ist es nun wieder auch nicht

of all the idiots! — so ein Idiot!

of all the stupid things to do! — so was Dummes!

why me of all people? — warum ausgerechnet ich?

happiest/earliest/clearest etc of all —

that would be best of all — das wäre am besten

I like him best of all — von allen mag ich ihn am liebsten

most of all —

most of all I'd like to be... — am liebsten wäre ich...

the best car of all — das allerbeste Auto __diams; to be all things to all men (person) sich mit jedem gutstellen; (thing, invention, new software etc) das Ideale sein

a party which claims to be all things to all men — eine Partei, die behauptet, allen etwas zu bieten __diams; you all ( US inf ) ihr (alle); (to two people) ihr (beide)

* * *

all [ɔːl]

A adj

1. all, sämtlich, gesamt, vollständig, ganz:

all one’s courage seinen ganzen Mut;

all mistakes alle oder sämtliche Fehler;

all my friends alle meine Freunde;

all night (long) die ganze Nacht (hindurch);

all (the) day, all day long den ganzen Tag, den lieben langen Tag;

all day and every day tagelang; tagaus, tagein;

open all day ganztägig geöffnet;

all the time

a) die ganze Zeit (über),

b) ständig, immer;

at all times zu jeder Zeit, jederzeit;

all the town die ganze Stadt, jedermann; → day 6

2. jeder, jede, jedes, alle pl:

at all hours zu jeder Stunde;

beyond all question ohne Frage, fraglos;

in all respects in jeder Hinsicht;

deny all responsibility jede Verantwortung ablehnen; → sundry

3. vollkommen, völlig, total, ganz, rein:

all nonsense reiner Unsinn;

all wool US reine Wolle; → leg Bes Redew

B adv

1. ganz (u. gar), gänzlich, völlig:

all alone ganz allein;

all the um so …;

all the better um so besser;

she was all gratitude sie war voll(er) Dankbarkeit;

she is all kindness sie ist die Güte selber;

all one einerlei, gleichgültig;

he is all for it er ist unbedingt dafür;

all important äußerst wichtig, entscheidend;

all mad völlig verrückt;

all wrong ganz falsch; → same C

2. für jede Seite, beide:

the score was two all das Spiel stand zwei zu zwei

3. poet gerade, eben

C pron alles:

all of it alles, das Ganze;

all of us wir alle;

good night, all gute Nacht allerseits!;

all of a year ein ganzes Jahr;

it took me all of two days ich brauchte zwei volle oder ganze zwei Tage ( to do zu tun);

that’s all das ist oder wäre alles;

that’s all there is to it das ist die ganze Geschichte;

all or nothing alles oder nichts;

it’s all or nothing for es geht um alles oder nichts für;

it all began die ganze Sache begann;

and all that und dergleichen;

when all is said and done letzten Endes, schließlich; → end B 1

D s

1. alles:

his all

a) sein Hab und Gut,

b) auch his all and all sein Ein und Alles

2. oft All PHIL (Welt)All nBesondere Redewendungen: all along die ganze Zeit (über);

all around

a) rund(her)um, ringsumher,

b) überall,

c) durch die Bank umg, durchweg all in alles inklusive;

be ( oder feel) all in umg total fertig oder erledigt sein;

all in all alles in allem;

his wife is all in all to him seine Frau bedeutet ihm alles;

all out umg

a) total fertig oder erledigt,

b) auf dem Holzweg (im Irrtum),

c) mit aller Macht ( for sth auf etwas aus), mit restlosem Einsatz,

d) vollständig ( → all-out) go all out umg

a) alles daransetzen, aufs Ganze gehen,

b) besonders SPORT das Letzte aus sich herausholen all over

a) umg ganz und gar,

b) überall,

c) überallhin, in ganz England etc herum, im ganzen Haus etc herum,

d) auch all over one’s body am ganzen Körper, überall that is Doug all over das ist ganz oder typisch Doug, das sieht Doug ähnlich;

news from all over Nachrichten von überall her;

be all over sb umg an jemandem einen Narren gefressen haben;

all right

a) ganz recht oder richtig,

b) schon gut,

c) in Ordnung (auch Person), engS. unbeschädigt,

d) na schön!,

e) umg mit Sicherheit, ohne Zweifel,

f) erlaubt I’m all right bei mir ist alles in Ornung;

he’s all right ihm ist nichts passiert;

I’m all right, Jack umg Hauptsache, mir geht’s gut;

be all right for

a) geeignet sein oder passen für,

b) annehmbar sein für it’s all right for you to laugh du hast gut lachen;

I’m all right for money umg bei mir stimmt die Kasse;

are you all right in that chair? sitzt du gut in dem Sessel?;

is it all right if I’ …? darf ich …?;

it’s all right with ( oder by) me von mir aus, ich habe nichts dagegen;

he arrived all right er ist gut angekommen;

all round

a) rund(her)um, ringsumher,

b) überall,

c) durch die Bank umg, durchweg taken all round umg alles in allem;

all there gewitzt, gescheit, auf Draht umg;

he is not all there er ist nicht ganz bei Trost;

all up umg total fertig oder erledigt;

it’s all up with him mit ihm ists aus;

he of all people came ausgerechnet er kam;

I thought you of all people would understand ich dachte, gerade du würdest das verstehen; (siehe weitere Verbindungen unter den entsprechenden Stichwörtern)

* * *
1. attributive adjective
1) (entire extent or quantity of) ganz

all day — den ganzen Tag

for all that — trotz allem

all his life — sein ganzes Leben

all my money — all mein Geld; mein ganzes Geld

stop all this noise/shouting! — hör mit dem Krach/Geschrei auf!

thank you for all your hard work — danke für all deine Anstrengungen

get away from it all — einmal von allem abschalten

that says it all — das sagt alles

2) (entire number of) alle

all the books — alle Bücher

all my books — all[e] meine Bücher

where are all the glasses? — wo sind all die Gläser?

all ten men — alle zehn Männer

we all went to bed — wir gingen alle schlafen

all the others — alle anderen

all Goethe's works — sämtliche Werke Goethes

why he of all people? — warum ausgerechnet er?

people of all ages — Menschen jeden Alters

All Fools' Day — der 1. April

3) (any whatever) jeglicher/jegliche/jegliches

4) (greatest possible)

in all innocence — in aller Unschuld

with all speed — so schnell wie möglich
2. noun
1) (all persons) alle

all present — alle Anwesenden

one and all — [alle] ohne Ausnahme

all and sundry — Krethi und Plethi

all of us — wir alle

the happiest/most beautiful of all — der/die Glücklichste/die Schönste unter allen

most of all — am meisten

he ran fastest of all — er lief am schnellsten

2) (every bit)

all of it/the money — alles/das ganze od. alles Geld

3)

all of (coll.): (as much as) be all of seven feet tall — gut sieben Fuß groß sein

4) (all things) alles

all I need is the money — ich brauche nur das Geld

all is not lost — es ist nicht alles verloren

it's all or nothing — es geht ums Ganze

most of all — am meisten

give one's all — sein Letztes geben

it was all but impossible — es war fast unmöglich

all in all — alles in allem

it's all the same or all one to me — es ist mir ganz egal od. völlig gleichgültig

that's all very well — das ist alles schön und gut

can I help you at all? — kann ich Ihnen irgendwie behilflich sein?

I do not care at all — es ist mir völlig gleich

you are not disturbing me at all — du störst mich nicht im geringsten

were you surprised at all? — warst du denn überrascht?

nothing at all — gar nichts

not at all happy/well — überhaupt nicht glücklich/gesund

not at all! — überhaupt nicht!; (acknowledging thanks) gern geschehen!; nichts zu danken!

if at all — wenn überhaupt

in all — insgesamt

5) (Sport)

two [goals] all — zwei zu zwei; (Tennis)

thirty all — dreißig beide
3. adverb
ganz

all but — fast

he all but fell down — er wäre fast heruntergefallen

all the better/worse [for that] — um so besser/schlimmer

I feel all the better for it — das hat mir wirklich gut getan

all at once — (suddenly) plötzlich; (simultaneously) alle[s] zugleich

all too soon — allzu schnell

be all for something — (coll.) sehr für etwas sein

be all in — (exhausted) total od. völlig erledigt sein (ugs.)

go all out [to do something] — alles daransetzen[, etwas zu tun]

be all ready [to go] — (coll.) fertig [zum Weggehen] sein (ugs.)

something is all right — etwas ist in Ordnung; (tolerable) etwas ist ganz gut

did you get home all right? — sind Sie gut nach Hause gekommen?

I'm all right — mir geht es ganz gut

work out all right — gut gehen; klappen (ugs.)

that's her, all right — das ist sie, ganz recht

yes, all right — ja, gut

is it all right if I go in? — kann ich reingehen?

it's all right by or with me — das ist mir recht

lie all round the room — überall im Zimmer herumliegen

I don't think he's all there — (coll.) ich glaube, er ist nicht ganz da (ugs.)

all the same — trotzdem

it's all the same to me — es ist mir einerlei

* * *

adj.

all adj.

ganz adj.

jeder adj.

sämtlich adj.

English-german dictionary > all
3 Historical Portugal

   Before Romans described western Iberia or Hispania as "Lusitania," ancient Iberians inhabited the land. Phoenician and Greek trading settlements grew up in the Tagus estuary area and nearby coasts. Beginning around 202 BCE, Romans invaded what is today southern Portugal. With Rome's defeat of Carthage, Romans proceeded to conquer and rule the western region north of the Tagus, which they named Roman "Lusitania." In the fourth century CE, as Rome's rule weakened, the area experienced yet another invasion—Germanic tribes, principally the Suevi, who eventually were Christianized. During the sixth century CE, the Suevi kingdom was superseded by yet another Germanic tribe—the Christian Visigoths.

   A major turning point in Portugal's history came in 711, as Muslim armies from North Africa, consisting of both Arab and Berber elements, invaded the Iberian Peninsula from across the Straits of Gibraltar. They entered what is now Portugal in 714, and proceeded to conquer most of the country except for the far north. For the next half a millennium, Islam and Muslim presence in Portugal left a significant mark upon the politics, government, language, and culture of the country.

   Islam, Reconquest, and Portugal Created, 714-1140

   The long frontier struggle between Muslim invaders and Christian communities in the north of the Iberian peninsula was called the Reconquista (Reconquest). It was during this struggle that the first dynasty of Portuguese kings (Burgundian) emerged and the independent monarchy of Portugal was established. Christian forces moved south from what is now the extreme north of Portugal and gradually defeated Muslim forces, besieging and capturing towns under Muslim sway. In the ninth century, as Christian forces slowly made their way southward, Christian elements were dominant only in the area between Minho province and the Douro River; this region became known as "territorium Portu-calense."

   In the 11th century, the advance of the Reconquest quickened as local Christian armies were reinforced by crusading knights from what is now France and England. Christian forces took Montemor (1034), at the Mondego River; Lamego (1058); Viseu (1058); and Coimbra (1064). In 1095, the king of Castile and Léon granted the country of "Portu-cale," what became northern Portugal, to a Burgundian count who had emigrated from France. This was the foundation of Portugal. In 1139, a descendant of this count, Afonso Henriques, proclaimed himself "King of Portugal." He was Portugal's first monarch, the "Founder," and the first of the Burgundian dynasty, which ruled until 1385.

   The emergence of Portugal in the 12th century as a separate monarchy in Iberia occurred before the Christian Reconquest of the peninsula. In the 1140s, the pope in Rome recognized Afonso Henriques as king of Portugal. In 1147, after a long, bloody siege, Muslim-occupied Lisbon fell to Afonso Henriques's army. Lisbon was the greatest prize of the 500-year war. Assisting this effort were English crusaders on their way to the Holy Land; the first bishop of Lisbon was an Englishman. When the Portuguese captured Faro and Silves in the Algarve province in 1248-50, the Reconquest of the extreme western portion of the Iberian peninsula was complete—significantly, more than two centuries before the Spanish crown completed the Reconquest of the eastern portion by capturing Granada in 1492.

   Consolidation and Independence of Burgundian Portugal, 1140-1385

   Two main themes of Portugal's early existence as a monarchy are the consolidation of control over the realm and the defeat of a Castil-ian threat from the east to its independence. At the end of this period came the birth of a new royal dynasty (Aviz), which prepared to carry the Christian Reconquest beyond continental Portugal across the straits of Gibraltar to North Africa. There was a variety of motives behind these developments. Portugal's independent existence was imperiled by threats from neighboring Iberian kingdoms to the north and east. Politics were dominated not only by efforts against the Muslims in

   Portugal (until 1250) and in nearby southern Spain (until 1492), but also by internecine warfare among the kingdoms of Castile, Léon, Aragon, and Portugal. A final comeback of Muslim forces was defeated at the battle of Salado (1340) by allied Castilian and Portuguese forces. In the emerging Kingdom of Portugal, the monarch gradually gained power over and neutralized the nobility and the Church.

   The historic and commonplace Portuguese saying "From Spain, neither a good wind nor a good marriage" was literally played out in diplomacy and war in the late 14th-century struggles for mastery in the peninsula. Larger, more populous Castile was pitted against smaller Portugal. Castile's Juan I intended to force a union between Castile and Portugal during this era of confusion and conflict. In late 1383, Portugal's King Fernando, the last king of the Burgundian dynasty, suddenly died prematurely at age 38, and the Master of Aviz, Portugal's most powerful nobleman, took up the cause of independence and resistance against Castile's invasion. The Master of Aviz, who became King João I of Portugal, was able to obtain foreign assistance. With the aid of English archers, Joao's armies defeated the Castilians in the crucial battle of Aljubarrota, on 14 August 1385, a victory that assured the independence of the Portuguese monarchy from its Castilian nemesis for several centuries.

   Aviz Dynasty and Portugal's First Overseas Empire, 1385-1580

   The results of the victory at Aljubarrota, much celebrated in Portugal's art and monuments, and the rise of the Aviz dynasty also helped to establish a new merchant class in Lisbon and Oporto, Portugal's second city. This group supported King João I's program of carrying the Reconquest to North Africa, since it was interested in expanding Portugal's foreign commerce and tapping into Muslim trade routes and resources in Africa. With the Reconquest against the Muslims completed in Portugal and the threat from Castile thwarted for the moment, the Aviz dynasty launched an era of overseas conquest, exploration, and trade. These efforts dominated Portugal's 15th and 16th centuries.

   The overseas empire and age of Discoveries began with Portugal's bold conquest in 1415 of the Moroccan city of Ceuta. One royal member of the 1415 expedition was young, 21-year-old Prince Henry, later known in history as "Prince Henry the Navigator." His part in the capture of Ceuta won Henry his knighthood and began Portugal's "Marvelous Century," during which the small kingdom was counted as a European and world power of consequence. Henry was the son of King João I and his English queen, Philippa of Lancaster, but he did not inherit the throne. Instead, he spent most of his life and his fortune, and that of the wealthy military Order of Christ, on various imperial ventures and on voyages of exploration down the African coast and into the Atlantic. While mythology has surrounded Henry's controversial role in the Discoveries, and this role has been exaggerated, there is no doubt that he played a vital part in the initiation of Portugal's first overseas empire and in encouraging exploration. He was naturally curious, had a sense of mission for Portugal, and was a strong leader. He also had wealth to expend; at least a third of the African voyages of the time were under his sponsorship. If Prince Henry himself knew little science, significant scientific advances in navigation were made in his day.

   What were Portugal's motives for this new imperial effort? The well-worn historical cliche of "God, Glory, and Gold" can only partly explain the motivation of a small kingdom with few natural resources and barely 1 million people, which was greatly outnumbered by the other powers it confronted. Among Portuguese objectives were the desire to exploit known North African trade routes and resources (gold, wheat, leather, weaponry, and other goods that were scarce in Iberia); the need to outflank the Muslim world in the Mediterranean by sailing around Africa, attacking Muslims en route; and the wish to ally with Christian kingdoms beyond Africa. This enterprise also involved a strategy of breaking the Venetian spice monopoly by trading directly with the East by means of discovering and exploiting a sea route around Africa to Asia. Besides the commercial motives, Portugal nurtured a strong crusading sense of Christian mission, and various classes in the kingdom saw an opportunity for fame and gain.

   By the time of Prince Henry's death in 1460, Portugal had gained control of the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeiras, begun to colonize the Cape Verde Islands, failed to conquer the Canary Islands from Castile, captured various cities on Morocco's coast, and explored as far as Senegal, West Africa, down the African coast. By 1488, Bar-tolomeu Dias had rounded the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa and thereby discovered the way to the Indian Ocean.

   Portugal's largely coastal African empire and later its fragile Asian empire brought unexpected wealth but were purchased at a high price. Costs included wars of conquest and defense against rival powers, manning the far-flung navel and trade fleets and scattered castle-fortresses, and staffing its small but fierce armies, all of which entailed a loss of skills and population to maintain a scattered empire. Always short of capital, the monarchy became indebted to bankers. There were many defeats beginning in the 16th century at the hands of the larger imperial European monarchies (Spain, France, England, and Holland) and many attacks on Portugal and its strung-out empire. Typically, there was also the conflict that arose when a tenuously held world empire that rarely if ever paid its way demanded finance and manpower Portugal itself lacked.

   The first 80 years of the glorious imperial era, the golden age of Portugal's imperial power and world influence, was an African phase. During 1415-88, Portuguese navigators and explorers in small ships, some of them caravelas (caravels), explored the treacherous, disease-ridden coasts of Africa from Morocco to South Africa beyond the Cape of Good Hope. By the 1470s, the Portuguese had reached the Gulf of Guinea and, in the early 1480s, what is now Angola. Bartolomeu Dias's extraordinary voyage of 1487-88 to South Africa's coast and the edge of the Indian Ocean convinced Portugal that the best route to Asia's spices and Christians lay south, around the tip of southern Africa. Between 1488 and 1495, there was a hiatus caused in part by domestic conflict in Portugal, discussion of resources available for further conquests beyond Africa in Asia, and serious questions as to Portugal's capacity to reach beyond Africa. In 1495, King Manuel and his council decided to strike for Asia, whatever the consequences. In 1497-99, Vasco da Gama, under royal orders, made the epic two-year voyage that discovered the sea route to western India (Asia), outflanked Islam and Venice, and began Portugal's Asian empire. Within 50 years, Portugal had discovered and begun the exploitation of its largest colony, Brazil, and set up forts and trading posts from the Middle East (Aden and Ormuz), India (Calicut, Goa, etc.), Malacca, and Indonesia to Macau in China.

   By the 1550s, parts of its largely coastal, maritime trading post empire from Morocco to the Moluccas were under siege from various hostile forces, including Muslims, Christians, and Hindi. Although Moroccan forces expelled the Portuguese from the major coastal cities by 1550, the rival European monarchies of Castile (Spain), England, France, and later Holland began to seize portions of her undermanned, outgunned maritime empire.

   In 1580, Phillip II of Spain, whose mother was a Portuguese princess and who had a strong claim to the Portuguese throne, invaded Portugal, claimed the throne, and assumed control over the realm and, by extension, its African, Asian, and American empires. Phillip II filled the power vacuum that appeared in Portugal following the loss of most of Portugal's army and its young, headstrong King Sebastião in a disastrous war in Morocco. Sebastiao's death in battle (1578) and the lack of a natural heir to succeed him, as well as the weak leadership of the cardinal who briefly assumed control in Lisbon, led to a crisis that Spain's strong monarch exploited. As a result, Portugal lost its independence to Spain for a period of 60 years.

   Portugal under Spanish Rule, 1580-1640

   Despite the disastrous nature of Portugal's experience under Spanish rule, "The Babylonian Captivity" gave birth to modern Portuguese nationalism, its second overseas empire, and its modern alliance system with England. Although Spain allowed Portugal's weakened empire some autonomy, Spanish rule in Portugal became increasingly burdensome and unacceptable. Spain's ambitious imperial efforts in Europe and overseas had an impact on the Portuguese as Spain made greater and greater demands on its smaller neighbor for manpower and money. Portugal's culture underwent a controversial Castilianization, while its empire became hostage to Spain's fortunes. New rival powers England, France, and Holland attacked and took parts of Spain's empire and at the same time attacked Portugal's empire, as well as the mother country.

   Portugal's empire bore the consequences of being attacked by Spain's bitter enemies in what was a form of world war. Portuguese losses were heavy. By 1640, Portugal had lost most of its Moroccan cities as well as Ceylon, the Moluccas, and sections of India. With this, Portugal's Asian empire was gravely weakened. Only Goa, Damão, Diu, Bombay, Timor, and Macau remained and, in Brazil, Dutch forces occupied the northeast.

   On 1 December 1640, long commemorated as a national holiday, Portuguese rebels led by the duke of Braganza overthrew Spanish domination and took advantage of Spanish weakness following a more serious rebellion in Catalonia. Portugal regained independence from Spain, but at a price: dependence on foreign assistance to maintain its independence in the form of the renewal of the alliance with England.

   Restoration and Second Empire, 1640-1822

   Foreign affairs and empire dominated the restoration era and aftermath, and Portugal again briefly enjoyed greater European power and prestige. The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance was renewed and strengthened in treaties of 1642, 1654, and 1661, and Portugal's independence from Spain was underwritten by English pledges and armed assistance. In a Luso-Spanish treaty of 1668, Spain recognized Portugal's independence. Portugal's alliance with England was a marriage of convenience and necessity between two monarchies with important religious, cultural, and social differences. In return for legal, diplomatic, and trade privileges, as well as the use during war and peace of Portugal's great Lisbon harbor and colonial ports for England's navy, England pledged to protect Portugal and its scattered empire from any attack. The previously cited 17th-century alliance treaties were renewed later in the Treaty of Windsor, signed in London in 1899. On at least 10 different occasions after 1640, and during the next two centuries, England was central in helping prevent or repel foreign invasions of its ally, Portugal.

   Portugal's second empire (1640-1822) was largely Brazil-oriented. Portuguese colonization, exploitation of wealth, and emigration focused on Portuguese America, and imperial revenues came chiefly from Brazil. Between 1670 and 1740, Portugal's royalty and nobility grew wealthier on funds derived from Brazilian gold, diamonds, sugar, tobacco, and other crops, an enterprise supported by the Atlantic slave trade and the supply of African slave labor from West Africa and Angola. Visitors today can see where much of that wealth was invested: Portugal's rich legacy of monumental architecture. Meanwhile, the African slave trade took a toll in Angola and West Africa.

   In continental Portugal, absolutist monarchy dominated politics and government, and there was a struggle for position and power between the monarchy and other institutions, such as the Church and nobility. King José I's chief minister, usually known in history as the marquis of Pombal (ruled 1750-77), sharply suppressed the nobility and the

   Church (including the Inquisition, now a weak institution) and expelled the Jesuits. Pombal also made an effort to reduce economic dependence on England, Portugal's oldest ally. But his successes did not last much beyond his disputed time in office.

   Beginning in the late 18th century, the European-wide impact of the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon placed Portugal in a vulnerable position. With the monarchy ineffectively led by an insane queen (Maria I) and her indecisive regent son (João VI), Portugal again became the focus of foreign ambition and aggression. With England unable to provide decisive assistance in time, France—with Spain's consent—invaded Portugal in 1807. As Napoleon's army under General Junot entered Lisbon meeting no resistance, Portugal's royal family fled on a British fleet to Brazil, where it remained in exile until 1821. In the meantime, Portugal's overseas empire was again under threat. There was a power vacuum as the monarch was absent, foreign armies were present, and new political notions of liberalism and constitutional monarchy were exciting various groups of citizens.

   Again England came to the rescue, this time in the form of the armies of the duke of Wellington. Three successive French invasions of Portugal were defeated and expelled, and Wellington succeeded in carrying the war against Napoleon across the Portuguese frontier into Spain. The presence of the English army, the new French-born liberal ideas, and the political vacuum combined to create revolutionary conditions. The French invasions and the peninsular wars, where Portuguese armed forces played a key role, marked the beginning of a new era in politics.

   Liberalism and Constitutional Monarchy, 1822-1910

   During 1807-22, foreign invasions, war, and civil strife over conflicting political ideas gravely damaged Portugal's commerce, economy, and novice industry. The next terrible blow was the loss of Brazil in 1822, the jewel in the imperial crown. Portugal's very independence seemed to be at risk. In vain, Portugal sought to resist Brazilian independence by force, but in 1825 it formally acknowledged Brazilian independence by treaty.

   Portugal's slow recovery from the destructive French invasions and the "war of independence" was complicated by civil strife over the form of constitutional monarchy that best suited Portugal. After struggles over these issues between 1820 and 1834, Portugal settled somewhat uncertainly into a moderate constitutional monarchy whose constitution (Charter of 1826) lent it strong political powers to exert a moderating influence between the executive and legislative branches of the government. It also featured a new upper middle class based on land ownership and commerce; a Catholic Church that, although still important, lived with reduced privileges and property; a largely African (third) empire to which Lisbon and Oporto devoted increasing spiritual and material resources, starting with the liberal imperial plans of 1836 and 1851, and continuing with the work of institutions like the Lisbon Society of Geography (established 1875); and a mass of rural peasants whose bonds to the land weakened after 1850 and who began to immigrate in increasing numbers to Brazil and North America.

   Chronic military intervention in national politics began in 19th-century Portugal. Such intervention, usually commencing with coups or pronunciamentos (military revolts), was a shortcut to the spoils of political office and could reflect popular discontent as well as the power of personalities. An early example of this was the 1817 golpe (coup) attempt of General Gomes Freire against British military rule in Portugal before the return of King João VI from Brazil. Except for a more stable period from 1851 to 1880, military intervention in politics, or the threat thereof, became a feature of the constitutional monarchy's political life, and it continued into the First Republic and the subsequent Estado Novo.

   Beginning with the Regeneration period (1851-80), Portugal experienced greater political stability and economic progress. Military intervention in politics virtually ceased; industrialization and construction of railroads, roads, and bridges proceeded; two political parties (Regenerators and Historicals) worked out a system of rotation in power; and leading intellectuals sparked a cultural revival in several fields. In 19th-century literature, there was a new golden age led by such figures as Alexandre Herculano (historian), Eça de Queirós (novelist), Almeida Garrett (playwright and essayist), Antero de Quental (poet), and Joaquim Oliveira Martins (historian and social scientist). In its third overseas empire, Portugal attempted to replace the slave trade and slavery with legitimate economic activities; to reform the administration; and to expand Portuguese holdings beyond coastal footholds deep into the African hinterlands in West, West Central, and East Africa. After 1841, to some extent, and especially after 1870, colonial affairs, combined with intense nationalism, pressures for economic profit in Africa, sentiment for national revival, and the drift of European affairs would make or break Lisbon governments.

   Beginning with the political crisis that arose out of the "English Ultimatum" affair of January 1890, the monarchy became discredtted and identified with the poorly functioning government, political parties splintered, and republicanism found more supporters. Portugal participated in the "Scramble for Africa," expanding its African holdings, but failed to annex territory connecting Angola and Mozambique. A growing foreign debt and state bankruptcy as of the early 1890s damaged the constitutional monarchy's reputation, despite the efforts of King Carlos in diplomacy, the renewal of the alliance in the Windsor Treaty of 1899, and the successful if bloody colonial wars in the empire (1880-97). Republicanism proclaimed that Portugal's weak economy and poor society were due to two historic institutions: the monarchy and the Catholic Church. A republic, its stalwarts claimed, would bring greater individual liberty; efficient, if more decentralized government; and a stronger colonial program while stripping the Church of its role in both society and education.

   As the monarchy lost support and republicans became more aggressive, violence increased in politics. King Carlos I and his heir Luís were murdered in Lisbon by anarchist-republicans on 1 February 1908. Following a military and civil insurrection and fighting between monarchist and republican forces, on 5 October 1910, King Manuel II fled Portugal and a republic was proclaimed.

   First Parliamentary Republic, 1910-26

   Portugal's first attempt at republican government was the most unstable, turbulent parliamentary republic in the history of 20th-century Western Europe. During a little under 16 years of the republic, there were 45 governments, a number of legislatures that did not complete normal terms, military coups, and only one president who completed his four-year term in office. Portuguese society was poorly prepared for this political experiment. Among the deadly legacies of the monarchy were a huge public debt; a largely rural, apolitical, and illiterate peasant population; conflict over the causes of the country's misfortunes; and lack of experience with a pluralist, democratic system.

   The republic had some talented leadership but lacked popular, institutional, and economic support. The 1911 republican constitution established only a limited democracy, as only a small portion of the adult male citizenry was eligible to vote. In a country where the majority was Catholic, the republic passed harshly anticlerical laws, and its institutions and supporters persecuted both the Church and its adherents. During its brief disjointed life, the First Republic drafted important reform plans in economic, social, and educational affairs; actively promoted development in the empire; and pursued a liberal, generous foreign policy. Following British requests for Portugal's assistance in World War I, Portugal entered the war on the Allied side in March 1916 and sent armies to Flanders and Portuguese Africa. Portugal's intervention in that conflict, however, was too costly in many respects, and the ultimate failure of the republic in part may be ascribed to Portugal's World War I activities.

   Unfortunately for the republic, its time coincided with new threats to Portugal's African possessions: World War I, social and political demands from various classes that could not be reconciled, excessive military intervention in politics, and, in particular, the worst economic and financial crisis Portugal had experienced since the 16th and 17th centuries. After the original Portuguese Republican Party (PRP, also known as the "Democrats") splintered into three warring groups in 1912, no true multiparty system emerged. The Democrats, except for only one or two elections, held an iron monopoly of electoral power, and political corruption became a major issue. As extreme right-wing dictatorships elsewhere in Europe began to take power in Italy (1922), neighboring Spain (1923), and Greece (1925), what scant popular support remained for the republic collapsed. Backed by a right-wing coalition of landowners from Alentejo, clergy, Coimbra University faculty and students, Catholic organizations, and big business, career military officers led by General Gomes da Costa executed a coup on 28 May 1926, turned out the last republican government, and established a military government.

   The Estado Novo (New State), 1926-74

   During the military phase (1926-32) of the Estado Novo, professional military officers, largely from the army, governed and administered Portugal and held key cabinet posts, but soon discovered that the military possessed no magic formula that could readily solve the problems inherited from the First Republic. Especially during the years 1926-31, the military dictatorship, even with its political repression of republican activities and institutions (military censorship of the press, political police action, and closure of the republic's rowdy parliament), was characterized by similar weaknesses: personalism and factionalism; military coups and political instability, including civil strife and loss of life; state debt and bankruptcy; and a weak economy. "Barracks parliamentarism" was not an acceptable alternative even to the "Nightmare Republic."

   Led by General Óscar Carmona, who had replaced and sent into exile General Gomes da Costa, the military dictatorship turned to a civilian expert in finance and economics to break the budget impasse and bring coherence to the disorganized system. Appointed minister of finance on 27 April 1928, the Coimbra University Law School professor of economics Antônio de Oliveira Salazar (1889-1970) first reformed finance, helped balance the budget, and then turned to other concerns as he garnered extraordinary governing powers. In 1930, he was appointed interim head of another key ministry (Colonies) and within a few years had become, in effect, a civilian dictator who, with the military hierarchy's support, provided the government with coherence, a program, and a set of policies.

   For nearly 40 years after he was appointed the first civilian prime minister in 1932, Salazar's personality dominated the government. Unlike extreme right-wing dictators elsewhere in Europe, Salazar was directly appointed by the army but was never endorsed by a popular political party, street militia, or voter base. The scholarly, reclusive former Coimbra University professor built up what became known after 1932 as the Estado Novo ("New State"), which at the time of its overthrow by another military coup in 1974, was the longest surviving authoritarian regime in Western Europe. The system of Salazar and the largely academic and technocratic ruling group he gathered in his cabinets was based on the central bureaucracy of the state, which was supported by the president of the republic—always a senior career military officer, General Óscar Carmona (1928-51), General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58), and Admiral Américo Tómaz (1958-74)—and the complicity of various institutions. These included a rubber-stamp legislature called the National Assembly (1935-74) and a political police known under various names: PVDE (1932-45), PIDE (1945-69),

   and DGS (1969-74). Other defenders of the Estado Novo security were paramilitary organizations such as the National Republican Guard (GNR); the Portuguese Legion (PL); and the Portuguese Youth [Movement]. In addition to censorship of the media, theater, and books, there was political repression and a deliberate policy of depoliticization. All political parties except for the approved movement of regime loyalists, the União Nacional or (National Union), were banned.

   The most vigorous and more popular period of the New State was 1932-44, when the basic structures were established. Never monolithic or entirely the work of one person (Salazar), the New State was constructed with the assistance of several dozen top associates who were mainly academics from law schools, some technocrats with specialized skills, and a handful of trusted career military officers. The 1933 Constitution declared Portugal to be a "unitary, corporative Republic," and pressures to restore the monarchy were resisted. Although some of the regime's followers were fascists and pseudofascists, many more were conservative Catholics, integralists, nationalists, and monarchists of different varieties, and even some reactionary republicans. If the New State was authoritarian, it was not totalitarian and, unlike fascism in Benito Mussolini's Italy or Adolf Hitler's Germany, it usually employed the minimum of violence necessary to defeat what remained a largely fractious, incoherent opposition.

   With the tumultuous Second Republic and the subsequent civil war in nearby Spain, the regime felt threatened and reinforced its defenses. During what Salazar rightly perceived as a time of foreign policy crisis for Portugal (1936-45), he assumed control of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From there, he pursued four basic foreign policy objectives: supporting the Nationalist rebels of General Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War (1936-39) and concluding defense treaties with a triumphant Franco; ensuring that General Franco in an exhausted Spain did not enter World War II on the Axis side; maintaining Portuguese neutrality in World War II with a post-1942 tilt toward the Allies, including granting Britain and the United States use of bases in the Azores Islands; and preserving and protecting Portugal's Atlantic Islands and its extensive, if poor, overseas empire in Africa and Asia.

   During the middle years of the New State (1944-58), many key Salazar associates in government either died or resigned, and there was greater social unrest in the form of unprecedented strikes and clandestine Communist activities, intensified opposition, and new threatening international pressures on Portugal's overseas empire. During the earlier phase of the Cold War (1947-60), Portugal became a steadfast, if weak, member of the US-dominated North Atlantic Treaty Organization alliance and, in 1955, with American support, Portugal joined the United Nations (UN). Colonial affairs remained a central concern of the regime. As of 1939, Portugal was the third largest colonial power in the world and possessed territories in tropical Africa (Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, and São Tomé and Príncipe Islands) and the remnants of its 16th-century empire in Asia (Goa, Damão, Diu, East Timor, and Macau). Beginning in the early 1950s, following the independence of India in 1947, Portugal resisted Indian pressures to decolonize Portuguese India and used police forces to discourage internal opposition in its Asian and African colonies.

   The later years of the New State (1958-68) witnessed the aging of the increasingly isolated but feared Salazar and new threats both at home and overseas. Although the regime easily overcame the brief oppositionist threat from rival presidential candidate General Humberto Delgado in the spring of 1958, new developments in the African and Asian empires imperiled the authoritarian system. In February 1961, oppositionists hijacked the Portuguese ocean liner Santa Maria and, in following weeks, African insurgents in northern Angola, although they failed to expel the Portuguese, gained worldwide media attention, discredited the New State, and began the 13-year colonial war. After thwarting a dissident military coup against his continued leadership, Salazar and his ruling group mobilized military repression in Angola and attempted to develop the African colonies at a faster pace in order to ensure Portuguese control. Meanwhile, the other European colonial powers (Britain, France, Belgium, and Spain) rapidly granted political independence to their African territories.

   At the time of Salazar's removal from power in September 1968, following a stroke, Portugal's efforts to maintain control over its colonies appeared to be successful. President Americo Tomás appointed Dr. Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor as prime minister. While maintaining the New State's basic structures, and continuing the regime's essential colonial policy, Caetano attempted wider reforms in colonial administration and some devolution of power from Lisbon, as well as more freedom of expression in Lisbon. Still, a great deal of the budget was devoted to supporting the wars against the insurgencies in Africa. Meanwhile in Asia, Portuguese India had fallen when the Indian army invaded in December 1961. The loss of Goa was a psychological blow to the leadership of the New State, and of the Asian empire only East Timor and Macau remained.

   The Caetano years (1968-74) were but a hiatus between the waning Salazar era and a new regime. There was greater political freedom and rapid economic growth (5-6 percent annually to late 1973), but Caetano's government was unable to reform the old system thoroughly and refused to consider new methods either at home or in the empire. In the end, regime change came from junior officers of the professional military who organized the Armed Forces Movement (MFA) against the Caetano government. It was this group of several hundred officers, mainly in the army and navy, which engineered a largely bloodless coup in Lisbon on 25 April 1974. Their unexpected action brought down the 48-year-old New State and made possible the eventual establishment and consolidation of democratic governance in Portugal, as well as a reorientation of the country away from the Atlantic toward Europe.

   Revolution of Carnations, 1974-76

   Following successful military operations of the Armed Forces Movement against the Caetano government, Portugal experienced what became known as the "Revolution of Carnations." It so happened that during the rainy week of the military golpe, Lisbon flower shops were featuring carnations, and the revolutionaries and their supporters adopted the red carnation as the common symbol of the event, as well as of the new freedom from dictatorship. The MFA, whose leaders at first were mostly little-known majors and captains, proclaimed a three-fold program of change for the new Portugal: democracy; decolonization of the overseas empire, after ending the colonial wars; and developing a backward economy in the spirit of opportunity and equality. During the first 24 months after the coup, there was civil strife, some anarchy, and a power struggle. With the passing of the Estado Novo, public euphoria burst forth as the new provisional military government proclaimed the freedoms of speech, press, and assembly, and abolished censorship, the political police, the Portuguese Legion, Portuguese Youth, and other New State organizations, including the National Union. Scores of political parties were born and joined the senior political party, the Portuguese Community Party (PCP), and the Socialist Party (PS), founded shortly before the coup.

   Portugal's Revolution of Carnations went through several phases. There was an attempt to take control by radical leftists, including the PCP and its allies. This was thwarted by moderate officers in the army, as well as by the efforts of two political parties: the PS and the Social Democrats (PPD, later PSD). The first phase was from April to September 1974. Provisional president General Antonio Spínola, whose 1974 book Portugal and the Future had helped prepare public opinion for the coup, met irresistible leftist pressures. After Spinola's efforts to avoid rapid decolonization of the African empire failed, he resigned in September 1974. During the second phase, from September 1974 to March 1975, radical military officers gained control, but a coup attempt by General Spínola and his supporters in Lisbon in March 1975 failed and Spínola fled to Spain.

   In the third phase of the Revolution, March-November 1975, a strong leftist reaction followed. Farm workers occupied and "nationalized" 1.1 million hectares of farmland in the Alentejo province, and radical military officers in the provisional government ordered the nationalization of Portuguese banks (foreign banks were exempted), utilities, and major industries, or about 60 percent of the economic system. There were power struggles among various political parties — a total of 50 emerged—and in the streets there was civil strife among labor, military, and law enforcement groups. A constituent assembly, elected on 25 April 1975, in Portugal's first free elections since 1926, drafted a democratic constitution. The Council of the Revolution (CR), briefly a revolutionary military watchdog committee, was entrenched as part of the government under the constitution, until a later revision. During the chaotic year of 1975, about 30 persons were killed in political frays while unstable provisional governments came and went. On 25 November 1975, moderate military forces led by Colonel Ramalho Eanes, who later was twice elected president of the republic (1976 and 1981), defeated radical, leftist military groups' revolutionary conspiracies.

   In the meantime, Portugal's scattered overseas empire experienced a precipitous and unprepared decolonization. One by one, the former colonies were granted and accepted independence—Guinea-Bissau (September 1974), Cape Verde Islands (July 1975), and Mozambique (July 1975). Portugal offered to turn over Macau to the People's Republic of China, but the offer was refused then and later negotiations led to the establishment of a formal decolonization or hand-over date of 1999. But in two former colonies, the process of decolonization had tragic results.

   In Angola, decolonization negotiations were greatly complicated by the fact that there were three rival nationalist movements in a struggle for power. The January 1975 Alvor Agreement signed by Portugal and these three parties was not effectively implemented. A bloody civil war broke out in Angola in the spring of 1975 and, when Portuguese armed forces withdrew and declared that Angola was independent on 11 November 1975, the bloodshed only increased. Meanwhile, most of the white Portuguese settlers from Angola and Mozambique fled during the course of 1975. Together with African refugees, more than 600,000 of these retornados ("returned ones") went by ship and air to Portugal and thousands more to Namibia, South Africa, Brazil, Canada, and the United States.

   The second major decolonization disaster was in Portugal's colony of East Timor in the Indonesian archipelago. Portugal's capacity to supervise and control a peaceful transition to independence in this isolated, neglected colony was limited by the strength of giant Indonesia, distance from Lisbon, and Portugal's revolutionary disorder and inability to defend Timor. In early December 1975, before Portugal granted formal independence and as one party, FRETILIN, unilaterally declared East Timor's independence, Indonesia's armed forces invaded, conquered, and annexed East Timor. Indonesian occupation encountered East Timorese resistance, and a heavy loss of life followed. The East Timor question remained a contentious international issue in the UN, as well as in Lisbon and Jakarta, for more than 20 years following Indonesia's invasion and annexation of the former colony of Portugal. Major changes occurred, beginning in 1998, after Indonesia underwent a political revolution and allowed a referendum in East Timor to decide that territory's political future in August 1999. Most East Timorese chose independence, but Indonesian forces resisted that verdict until

   UN intervention in September 1999. Following UN rule for several years, East Timor attained full independence on 20 May 2002.

   Consolidation of Democracy, 1976-2000

   After several free elections and record voter turnouts between 25 April 1975 and June 1976, civil war was averted and Portugal's second democratic republic began to stabilize. The MFA was dissolved, the military were returned to the barracks, and increasingly elected civilians took over the government of the country. The 1976 Constitution was revised several times beginning in 1982 and 1989, in order to reempha-size the principle of free enterprise in the economy while much of the large, nationalized sector was privatized. In June 1976, General Ram-alho Eanes was elected the first constitutional president of the republic (five-year term), and he appointed socialist leader Dr. Mário Soares as prime minister of the first constitutional government.

   From 1976 to 1985, Portugal's new system featured a weak economy and finances, labor unrest, and administrative and political instability. The difficult consolidation of democratic governance was eased in part by the strong currency and gold reserves inherited from the Estado Novo, but Lisbon seemed unable to cope with high unemployment, new debt, the complex impact of the refugees from Africa, world recession, and the agitation of political parties. Four major parties emerged from the maelstrom of 1974-75, except for the Communist Party, all newly founded. They were, from left to right, the Communists (PCP); the Socialists (PS), who managed to dominate governments and the legislature but not win a majority in the Assembly of the Republic; the Social Democrats (PSD); and the Christian Democrats (CDS). During this period, the annual growth rate was low (l-2 percent), and the nationalized sector of the economy stagnated.

   Enhanced economic growth, greater political stability, and more effective central government as of 1985, and especially 1987, were due to several developments. In 1977, Portugal applied for membership in the European Economic Community (EEC), now the European Union (EU) since 1993. In January 1986, with Spain, Portugal was granted membership, and economic and financial progress in the intervening years has been significantly influenced by the comparatively large investment, loans, technology, advice, and other assistance from the EEC. Low unemployment, high annual growth rates (5 percent), and moderate inflation have also been induced by the new political and administrative stability in Lisbon. Led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva, an economist who was trained abroad, the PSD's strong organization, management, and electoral support since 1985 have assisted in encouraging economic recovery and development. In 1985, the PSD turned the PS out of office and won the general election, although they did not have an absolute majority of assembly seats. In 1986, Mário Soares was elected president of the republic, the first civilian to hold that office since the First Republic. In the elections of 1987 and 1991, however, the PSD was returned to power with clear majorities of over 50 percent of the vote.

   Although the PSD received 50.4 percent of the vote in the 1991 parliamentary elections and held a 42-seat majority in the Assembly of the Republic, the party began to lose public support following media revelations regarding corruption and complaints about Prime Minister Cavaco Silva's perceived arrogant leadership style. President Mário Soares voiced criticism of the PSD's seemingly untouchable majority and described a "tyranny of the majority." Economic growth slowed down. In the parliamentary elections of 1995 and the presidential election of 1996, the PSD's dominance ended for the time being. Prime Minister Antônio Guterres came to office when the PS won the October 1995 elections, and in the subsequent presidential contest, in January 1996, socialist Jorge Sampaio, the former mayor of Lisbon, was elected president of the republic, thus defeating Cavaco Silva's bid. Young and popular, Guterres moved the PS toward the center of the political spectrum. Under Guterres, the PS won the October 1999 parliamentary elections. The PS defeated the PSD but did not manage to win a clear, working majority of seats, and this made the PS dependent upon alliances with smaller parties, including the PCP.

   In the local elections in December 2001, the PSD's criticism of PS's heavy public spending allowed the PSD to take control of the key cities of Lisbon, Oporto, and Coimbra. Guterres resigned, and parliamentary elections were brought forward from 2004 to March 2002. The PSD won a narrow victory with 40 percent of the votes, and Jose Durão Barroso became prime minister. Having failed to win a majority of the seats in parliament forced the PSD to govern in coalition with the right-wing Popular Party (PP) led by Paulo Portas. Durão Barroso set about reducing government spending by cutting the budgets of local authorities, freezing civil service hiring, and reviving the economy by accelerating privatization of state-owned enterprises. These measures provoked a 24-hour strike by public-sector workers. Durão Barroso reacted with vows to press ahead with budget-cutting measures and imposed a wage freeze on all employees earning more than €1,000, which affected more than one-half of Portugal's work force.

   In June 2004, Durão Barroso was invited by Romano Prodi to succeed him as president of the European Commission. Durão Barroso accepted and resigned the prime ministership in July. Pedro Santana Lopes, the leader of the PSD, became prime minister. Already unpopular at the time of Durão Barroso's resignation, the PSD-led government became increasingly unpopular under Santana Lopes. A month-long delay in the start of the school year and confusion over his plan to cut taxes and raise public-sector salaries, eroded confidence even more. By November, Santana Lopes's government was so unpopular that President Jorge Sampaio was obliged to dissolve parliament and hold new elections, two years ahead of schedule.

   Parliamentary elections were held on 20 February 2005. The PS, which had promised the electorate disciplined and transparent governance, educational reform, the alleviation of poverty, and a boost in employment, won 45 percent of the vote and the majority of the seats in parliament. The leader of the PS, José Sôcrates became prime minister on 12 March 2005. In the regularly scheduled presidential elections held on 6 January 2006, the former leader of the PSD and prime minister, Aníbal Cavaco Silva, won a narrow victory and became president on 9 March 2006. With a mass protest, public teachers' strike, and street demonstrations in March 2008, Portugal's media, educational, and social systems experienced more severe pressures. With the spreading global recession beginning in September 2008, Portugal's economic and financial systems became more troubled.

    Contemporary Portugal

   Owing to its geographic location on the southwestern most edge of continental Europe, Portugal has been historically in but not of Europe. Almost from the beginning of its existence in the 12th century as an independent monarchy, Portugal turned its back on Europe and oriented itself toward the Atlantic Ocean. After carving out a Christian kingdom on the western portion of the Iberian peninsula, Portuguese kings gradually built and maintained a vast seaborne global empire that became central to the way Portugal understood its individuality as a nation-state. While the creation of this empire allows Portugal to claim an unusual number of "firsts" or distinctions in world and Western history, it also retarded Portugal's economic, social, and political development. It can be reasonably argued that the Revolution of 25 April 1974 was the most decisive event in Portugal's long history because it finally ended Portugal's oceanic mission and view of itself as an imperial power. After the 1974 Revolution, Portugal turned away from its global mission and vigorously reoriented itself toward Europe. Contemporary Portugal is now both in and of Europe.

   The turn toward Europe began immediately after 25 April 1974. Portugal granted independence to its African colonies in 1975. It was admitted to the European Council and took the first steps toward accession to the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1976. On 28 March 1977, the Portuguese government officially applied for EEC membership. Because of Portugal's economic and social backwardness, which would require vast sums of EEC money to overcome, negotiations for membership were long and difficult. Finally, a treaty of accession was signed on 12 June 1985. Portugal officially joined the EEC (the European Union [EU] since 1993) on 1 January 1986. Since becoming a full-fledged member of the EU, Portugal has been steadily overcoming the economic and social underdevelopment caused by its imperial past and is becoming more like the rest of Europe.

   Membership in the EU has speeded up the structural transformation of Portugal's economy, which actually began during the Estado Novo. Investments made by the Estado Novo in Portugal's economy began to shift employment out of the agricultural sector, which, in 1950, accounted for 50 percent of Portugal's economically active population. Today, only 10 percent of the economically active population is employed in the agricultural sector (the highest among EU member states); 30 percent in the industrial sector (also the highest among EU member states); and 60 percent in the service sector (the lowest among EU member states). The economically active population numbers about 5,000,000 employed, 56 percent of whom are women. Women workers are the majority of the workforce in the agricultural and service sectors (the highest among the EU member states). The expansion of the service sector has been primarily in health care and education. Portugal has had the lowest unemployment rates among EU member states, with the overall rate never being more than 10 percent of the active population. Since joining the EU, the number of employers increased from 2.6 percent to 5.8 percent of the active population; self-employed from 16 to 19 percent; and employees from 65 to 70 percent. Twenty-six percent of the employers are women. Unemployment tends to hit younger workers in industry and transportation, women employed in domestic service, workers on short-term contracts, and poorly educated workers. Salaried workers earn only 63 percent of the EU average, and hourly workers only one-third to one-half of that earned by their EU counterparts. Despite having had the second highest growth of gross national product (GNP) per inhabitant (after Ireland) among EU member states, the above data suggest that while much has been accomplished in terms of modernizing the Portuguese economy, much remains to be done to bring Portugal's economy up to the level of the "average" EU member state.

   Membership in the EU has also speeded up changes in Portuguese society. Over the last 30 years, coastalization and urbanization have intensified. Fully 50 percent of Portuguese live in the coastal urban conurbations of Lisbon, Oporto, Braga, Aveiro, Coimbra, Viseu, Évora, and Faro. The Portuguese population is one of the oldest among EU member states (17.3 percent are 65 years of age or older) thanks to a considerable increase in life expectancy at birth (77.87 years for the total population, 74.6 years for men, 81.36 years for women) and one of the lowest birthrates (10.59 births/1,000) in Europe. Family size averages 2.8 persons per household, with the strict nuclear family (one or two generations) in which both parents work being typical. Common law marriages, cohabitating couples, and single-parent households are more and more common. The divorce rate has also increased. "Youth Culture" has developed. The young have their own meeting places, leisure-time activities, and nightlife (bars, clubs, and discos).

   All Portuguese citizens, whether they have contributed or not, have a right to an old-age pension, invalidity benefits, widowed persons' pension, as well as payments for disabilities, children, unemployment, and large families. There is a national minimum wage (€385 per month), which is low by EU standards. The rapid aging of Portugal's population has changed the ratio of contributors to pensioners to 1.7, the lowest in the EU. This has created deficits in Portugal's social security fund.

   The adult literacy rate is about 92 percent. Illiteracy is still found among the elderly. Although universal compulsory education up to grade 9 was achieved in 1980, only 21.2 percent of the population aged 25-64 had undergone secondary education, compared to an EU average of 65.7 percent. Portugal's higher education system currently consists of 14 state universities and 14 private universities, 15 state polytechnic institutions, one Catholic university, and one military academy. All in all, Portugal spends a greater percentage of its state budget on education than most EU member states. Despite this high level of expenditure, the troubled Portuguese education system does not perform well. Early leaving and repetition rates are among the highest among EU member states.

   After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, Portugal created a National Health Service, which today consists of 221 hospitals and 512 medical centers employing 33,751 doctors and 41,799 nurses. Like its education system, Portugal's medical system is inefficient. There are long waiting lists for appointments with specialists and for surgical procedures.

   Structural changes in Portugal's economy and society mean that social life in Portugal is not too different from that in other EU member states. A mass consumption society has been created. Televisions, telephones, refrigerators, cars, music equipment, mobile phones, and personal computers are commonplace. Sixty percent of Portuguese households possess at least one automobile, and 65 percent of Portuguese own their own home. Portuguese citizens are more aware of their legal rights than ever before. This has resulted in a trebling of the number of legal proceeding since 1960 and an eight-fold increase in the number of lawyers. In general, Portuguese society has become more permissive and secular; the Catholic Church and the armed forces are much less influential than in the past. Portugal's population is also much more culturally, religiously, and ethnically diverse, a consequence of the coming to Portugal of hundreds of thousands of immigrants, mainly from former African colonies.

   Portuguese are becoming more cosmopolitan and sophisticated through the impact of world media, the Internet, and the World Wide Web. A prime case in point came in the summer and early fall of 1999, with the extraordinary events in East Timor and the massive Portuguese popular responses. An internationally monitored referendum in East Timor, Portugal's former colony in the Indonesian archipelago and under Indonesian occupation from late 1975 to summer 1999, resulted in a vote of 78.5 percent for rejecting integration with Indonesia and for independence. When Indonesian prointegration gangs, aided by the Indonesian military, responded to the referendum with widespread brutality and threatened to reverse the verdict of the referendum, there was a spontaneous popular outpouring of protest in the cities and towns of Portugal. An avalanche of Portuguese e-mail fell on leaders and groups in the UN and in certain countries around the world as Portugal's diplomats, perhaps to compensate for the weak initial response to Indonesian armed aggression in 1975, called for the protection of East Timor as an independent state and for UN intervention to thwart Indonesian action. Using global communications networks, the Portuguese were able to mobilize UN and world public opinion against Indonesian actions and aided the eventual independence of East Timor on 20 May 2002.

   From the Revolution of 25 April 1974 until the 1990s, Portugal had a large number of political parties, one of the largest Communist parties in western Europe, frequent elections, and endemic cabinet instability. Since the 1990s, the number of political parties has been dramatically reduced and cabinet stability increased. Gradually, the Portuguese electorate has concentrated around two larger parties, the right-of-center Social Democrats (PSD) and the left-of-center Socialist (PS). In the 1980s, these two parties together garnered 65 percent of the vote and 70 percent of the seats in parliament. In 2005, these percentages had risen to 74 percent and 85 percent, respectively. In effect, Portugal is currently a two-party dominant system in which the two largest parties — PS and PSD—alternate in and out of power, not unlike the rotation of the two main political parties (the Regenerators and the Historicals) during the last decades (1850s to 1880s) of the liberal constitutional monarchy. As Portugal's democracy has consolidated, turnout rates for the eligible electorate have declined. In the 1970s, turnout was 85 percent. In Portugal's most recent parliamentary election (2005), turnout had fallen to 65 percent of the eligible electorate.

   Portugal has benefited greatly from membership in the EU, and whatever doubts remain about the price paid for membership, no Portuguese government in the near future can afford to sever this connection. The vast majority of Portuguese citizens see membership in the EU as a "good thing" and strongly believe that Portugal has benefited from membership. Only the Communist Party opposed membership because it reduces national sovereignty, serves the interests of capitalists not workers, and suffers from a democratic deficit. Despite the high level of support for the EU, Portuguese voters are increasingly not voting in elections for the European Parliament, however. Turnout for European Parliament elections fell from 40 percent of the eligible electorate in the 1999 elections to 38 percent in the 2004 elections.

   In sum, Portugal's turn toward Europe has done much to overcome its backwardness. However, despite the economic, social, and political progress made since 1986, Portugal has a long way to go before it can claim to be on a par with the level found even in Spain, much less the rest of western Europe. As Portugal struggles to move from underde-velopment, especially in the rural areas away from the coast, it must keep in mind the perils of too rapid modern development, which could damage two of its most precious assets: its scenery and environment. The growth and future prosperity of the economy will depend on the degree to which the government and the private sector will remain stewards of clean air, soil, water, and other finite resources on which the tourism industry depends and on which Portugal's world image as a unique place to visit rests. Currently, Portugal is investing heavily in renewable energy from solar, wind, and wave power in order to account for about 50 percent of its electricity needs by 2010. Portugal opened the world's largest solar power plant and the world's first commercial wave power farm in 2006.

   An American documentary film on Portugal produced in the 1970s described this little country as having "a Past in Search of a Future." In the years after the Revolution of 25 April 1974, it could be said that Portugal is now living in "a Present in Search of a Future." Increasingly, that future lies in Europe as an active and productive member of the EU.

Historical dictionary of Portugal > Historical Portugal
4 have

(to have or keep (something) in case or until it is needed: If you go to America please keep some money in reserve for your fare home.) tener algo de reserva, guardar algo

have vb

1. tener

do you have a video? ¿tienes vídeo?

she has no sisters no tiene hermanas

he has a bicycle tiene una bicicleta

I have flu tengo la gripe

2. tomar

we had a coffee nos tomamos un café

I think I'll have a salad creo que voy a tomar una ensalada

3. haber

have you read Don Quixote? ¿has leído Don Quijote?

I have been to the swimming pool he estado en la piscina

she was ill because she had eaten too much estaba enferma porque había comido demasiado

to have to do something tener que hacer algo

we have to leave now ya nos tenemos que ir

I've got to work tomorrow tengo que trabajar mañana

to have something done mandar hacer algo

they're having a house built les están construyendo una casa

have you had your hair cut? ¿te has cortado el pelo?

Esta construcción se emplea cuando no eres tú quien hace algo, sino que pagas a alguien para que te lo haga

to have breakfast desayunar

to have lunch almorzar / comer

to have dinner cenar

to have a bath bañarse (en la bañera)

to have a shower ducharse

to have a swim bañarse / nadar

El pasado y participio pasado de have es had; el gerundio se escribe having

have

tr[hæv]

transitive verb (3rd pers pres sing has tr[hæz], pt & pp had tr[hæd], ger having)

1 (posess) tener, poseer

■ she has a house in Whitby tiene una casa en Whitby

■ he had blue eyes tenía los ojos azules

2 (food) comer, tomar; (drink) beber, tomar

■ I think I'll have the turbot creo que tomaré el rodaballo

■ will you have a brandy? ¿quieres tomar un coñac?

■ to have breakfast/lunch/tea/dinner desayunar/comer/merendar/cenar

3 (cigarette) fumar

■ how many cigarettes have you had today? ¿cuántos cigarros has fumado hoy?

4 (shower, bath, etc) tomar

■ when she got home she had a shower cuando llegó a casa se dio una ducha, cuando llegó a casa se duchó

■ in Finland I had a sauna en Finlandia hice una sauna

■ have you had a wash and a shave? ¿te has lavado y afeitado?

■ I'll have a swim before lunch me bañaré antes de comer

5 (treatment) recibir

■ I had an injection me dieron una inyección

■ she had a heart operation la operaron del corazón

■ I have a massage every Thursday cada jueves voy al masajista

■ she's having physiotherapy acude a fisioterapia

6 (illness) tener

■ he didn't come because he had flu no vino porque tenía la gripe

■ I have a headache tengo dolor de cabeza

7 (experience) tener

■ I had a scare tuve un susto, me asusté

■ have a good time! ¡divertíos!, ¡pasadlo bien!

■ I had quite a surprise me llevé una gran sorpresa

8 (receive, invite) recibir, invitar

■ we had John and Mary for dinner last night invitamos a John y Mary a cenar anoche

9 (borrow) pedir prestado, dejar

■ can I have your book for a second, please? ¿me dejas tu libro un segundo, por favor?

10 (party) celebrar, tener, dar; (meeting) celebrar, tener

■ they're always having parties no paran de dar fiestas

■ are you going to have a party for your birthday? ¿vas a hacer una fiesta para tu cumpleaños?

■ they had their annual meeting last week celebraron su reunión anual la semana pasada

11 (according to) según

■ rumour has it that... corre el rumor de que...

12 (baby) tener, dar a luz

13 (cause to happen) hacer, mandar

■ he had the house painted hizo pintar la casa

■ she had her hair cut se cortó el cabello

■ they had him killed lo mandaron matar

14 (allow) permitir, consentir

■ I can't have you walking about naked no puedo permitir que vayas por ahí desnudo

15 familiar (cheat) timar

■ if you paid £200 pounds for that you were had si has pagado doscientas libras por eso te han timado

auxiliar

1 haber

■ I have seen her la he visto

■ I hadn't seen the film so I went to the cinema no había visto la película así que fui al cine

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

had better más vale que

■ you'd better come alone más vale que vengas solo

■ we'd better not tell her about it sería mejor no decírselo

have got SMALLBRITISH ENGLISH/SMALL tener

■ Sue's got a new car Sue tiene un coche nuevo

■ you've got a stain on your shirt tienes una mancha en la camisa

■ he said he'd got a hangover dijo que tenía resaca

to have done with acabar con

to have had it (broken) estar hecho,-a polvo, estar fastidiado,-a 2 (in trouble) haberlo,-a cagado,-a 3 (finished) estar acabado,-a

■ this radio's had it, I'll have to get a new one esta radio está en las últimas, tendré que comprar una nueva

■ your dad's seen you, you've had it now! te ha visto tu padre, ¡la has cagado!

■ if this scandal gets out he's had it as an MP si la gente se entera de este escándalo, se han acabado sus días de diputado

to have it away / have it off taboo echar un polvo

to have it in for somebody tenerla tomada con alguien

to have it out with somebody ajustar las cuentas con alguien

to have it over and done with acabar algo de una vez y para siempre

to have just acabar de

■ she's just finished the letter acaba de terminar la carta

to have somebody over to one's house / have somebody round to one's house invitar a alguien a casa

to have somebody up for something SMALLLAW/SMALL llevar a alguien ante los tribunales por algo, procesar a alguien por algo

to have something on tener algo planeado, tener algo que hacer

to have something on somebody tener información comprometedora sobre alguien, saber algo comprometedor acerca de alguien

to have to tener que, haber de

■ I have to see you tengo que verte

to have to do with tener que ver con

■ that has nothing to do with you eso no tiene nada que ver contigo

have ['hæv,] in sense 3 as an auxiliary verb usu ['hæf] v, had ['hæd] ; having ; has ['hæz,] in sense 3 as an auxiliary verb usu ['hæs] vt

1) possess: tener

do you have change?: ¿tienes cambio?

2) experience, undergo: tener, experimentar, sufrir

I have a toothache: tengo un dolor de muelas

3) include: tener, incluir

April has 30 days: abril tiene 30 días

4) consume: comer, tomar

5) receive: tener, recibir

he had my permission: tenía mi permiso

6) allow: permitir, dejar

I won't have it!: ¡no lo permitiré!

7) hold: hacer

to have a party: dar una fiesta

to have a meeting: convocar una reunión

8) hold: tener

he had me in his power: me tenía en su poder

9) bear: tener (niños)

10) (indicating causation)

she had a dress made: mandó hacer un vestido

to have one's hair cut: cortarse el pelo

have v aux

1) : haber

she has been very busy: ha estado muy ocupada

I've lived here three years: hace tres años que vivo aquí

2) (used in tags)

you've finished, haven't you?: ha terminado, ¿no?

3)

to have to : deber, tener que

we have to leave: tenemos que salir

have

have (sth.) coming

expr.

• merecer v.

have (sth.) in mind

expr.

• tener algo en mente expr.

v.

(§ p.,p.p.: had) = contener v.

(§pres: -tengo, -tienes...-tenemos) pret: -tuv-

fut/c: -tendr-•)

• poseer v.

• tener v.

(§pres: tengo, tienes...tenemos) pret: tuv-

fut/c: tendr-•)

v.

• haber v.

(§pres: he, has...) subj: hay-

pret: hub-

fut/c: habr-•)

hæv, weak forms həv, əv
1.

1) (3rd pers sing pres has; past & past p had) transitive verb

Sense I

2) ( possess) tener*

I have o (esp BrE) I've got two cats — tengo dos gatos

I don't have o (esp BrE) haven't got any money — no tengo dinero

do you have a car? - no, I don't o (esp BrE) have you got a car? - no, I haven't — ¿tienes coche? - no (, no tengo)

3) (hold, have at one's disposal) tener*

look out, he's got a gun! — cuidado! tiene una pistola or está armado!

how much money do you have o (esp BrE) have you got on you? — ¿cuánto dinero tienes or llevas encima?

I had him by the arm — lo tenía agarrado del brazo

can I have a sheet of paper? — ¿me das una hoja de papel?

may I have your name? — ¿me dice su nombre?

could I have your Sales Department, please? — ( on phone) ¿me comunica or (Esp tb) me pone or (CS tb) me da con el departamento de ventas, por favor?

I have it!, I've got it! — ya lo tengo!, ya está, ya está!

all right: have it your own way! — está bien! haz lo que quieras!

what have we here? — ¿y esto?

to have something to + inf — tener* algo que + inf

I've (got) a lot to do — tengo mucho que hacer

4)

a) ( receive) \<\<letter/news\>\> tener*, recibir

could we have some silence, please? — (hagan) silencio, por favor

we have it on the best authority that... — sabemos de buena fuente que...

rumoradition has it that... — corre el rumor de que.../según la tradición...

to have had it — (colloq)

I've had it — ( I'm in trouble) estoy frito (AmL), me la he cargado (Esp fam); ( I've lost my chance) la he fastidiado (fam)

your umbrella's had it — tu paraguas no da para más (fam)

I've had it up to here with your complaining — estoy hasta la coronilla or hasta las narices de tus quejas (fam)

to have it in for somebody — (colloq) tenerle* manía or tirria a alguien (fam)

to let somebody have it — (sl) ( attack - physically) darle* su merecido a alguien; (- verbally) cantarle las cuarenta a alguien (fam), poner* a alguien verde (Esp fam)

b) ( obtain) conseguir*

they were the best/only seats to be had — eran los mejores/únicos asientos que había

I'll have a kilo of tomatoes, please — ¿me da or (Esp) me pone un kilo de tomates, por favor?

5) ( consume) \<\<steak/spaghetti\>\> comer, tomar (Esp); \<\<champagne/beer\>\> tomar

to have something to eat/drink — comer/beber algo

to have breakfast/dinner — desayunar/cenar, comer (AmL)

to have lunch — almorzar* or (esp Esp, Méx) comer

what are we having for dinner? — ¿qué hay de cena?

to have a cigarette — fumarse un cigarrillo

have some more sauce — sírvete más salsa

we had too much to drink — bebimos or (AmL tb) tomamos demasiado

6)

a) (experience, undergo) \<\<accident\>\> tener*

to have a setback — sufrir un revés

did you have good weather? — ¿te (or les etc) hizo buen tiempo?

have a nice day! — adiós! que le (or te etc) vaya bien!

we had a very pleasant evening — pasamos una noche muy agradable

I had an injection — me pusieron or me dieron una inyección

he had a heart transplant/an X ray — le hicieron un trasplante de corazón/una radiografía

she had a heart attack — le dio un ataque al corazón or un infarto

they have it easy — lo tienen (todo) muy fácil

b) ( organize) \<\<party\>\> hacer*, dar*

they had a meeting to discuss the issue — tuvieron una reunión para discutir el tema

c) ( suffer from) \<\<cancer/diabetes/flu\>\> tener*

to have a cold — estar* resfriado

he's got a headache/sore throat — le duele la cabeza/la garganta, tiene dolor de cabeza/garganta

7) ( look after) tener*

they have visitors — tienen visita

my mother offered to have the children — mi madre se ofreció a cuidar a los niños

8) ( give birth to) \<\<baby\>\> tener*

9) (colloq)

a) (catch, get the better of)

they almost had him, but he managed to escape — casi lo agarran or atrapan, pero logró escaparse

I'll have them for that — ya me las pagarán

b) ( swindle) timar; ( dupe) engañar

you've been had! — te han timado or engañado!

Sense II

10) (causative use)

we'll have it clean in no time — enseguida lo limpiamos or lo dejamos limpio

he had them all laughing/in tears — los hizo reír/llorar a todos

you had me worried — me tenías preocupado

to have somebody + INF: I'll have her call you back as soon as she arrives le diré or pediré que lo llame en cuanto llegue; I'll have you know, young man, that I... para que sepa, jovencito, yo...; to have something + PAST P: we had it repaired lo hicimos arreglar, lo mandamos (a) arreglar (AmL); to have one's hair cut — cortarse el pelo

11) ( indicating what happens to somebody)

I have people coming for dinner tonight — esta noche tengo gente a cenar

to have something + INF/+ PAST P: I've had three lambs die this week se me han muerto tres corderos esta semana; he had his bicycle stolen — le robaron la bicicleta

12)

a) ( allow) (with neg) tolerar, consentir*

I won't have it! — no lo consentiré or toleraré!

I won't have him interfering — no pienso tolerar que se inmiscuya

b) (accept, believe) aceptar, creer*

she wouldn't have it — no lo quiso aceptar or creer

13) (indicating state, position) tener*

I had the radio on — tenía la radio puesta

you have o (BrE) you've got your belt twisted — tienes el cinturón torcido

2.

1) v aux

Sense I

2) (used to form perfect tenses) haber*

I have/had seen her — la he/había visto

I have/had just seen her — la acabo/acababa de ver, recién la vi/la había visto (AmL)

have you been waiting long? — ¿hace mucho que esperas?, ¿llevas mucho rato esperando?

you have been busy — cómo has trabajado!

had I known that o if I'd known that... — si hubiera sabido que..., de haber sabido que...

when he had finished, she... — cuando terminó or (liter) cuando hubo terminado, ella...

3)

a) ( in tags)

you've been told, haven't you? — te lo han dicho ¿no? or ¿no es cierto? or ¿no es verdad?

you haven't lost the key, have you? — no habrás perdido la llave...!

b) ( elliptical use)

you may have forgiven him, but I haven't — puede que tú lo hayas perdonado, pero yo no

the clock has stopped - so it has! — el reloj se ha parado - es verdad! or es cierto!

you've forgotten something - have I? — te has olvidado de algo - ¿sí?

I've told her - you haven't! — se lo he dicho - no! ¿en serio?

Sense II

4) ( expressing obligation)

to have to + inf — tener* que + inf

I have o I've got to admit that... — tengo que reconocer que...

you don't have to be an expert to realize that — no hay que or no se necesita ser un experto para darse cuenta de eso

don't go out unless you have to — no salgas a menos que tengas que hacerlo

5) ( expressing certainty)

to have to + inf — tener* que + inf

it had to happen — tenía que ocurrir

you have to o you've got to be kidding! — lo dices en broma or en chiste!

•

Phrasal Verbs:

- have around

- have away

- have back

- have down

- have in

- have off

- have on

- have out

- have over

- have up

[hæv] ( 3rd pers sing present has) (pt, pp had) When have is part of a set combination, eg have a look, have a good time, have breakfast, had better, look up the other word. For have + adverb/preposition combinations, see also the phrasal verb section of this entry.
1. TRANSITIVE VERB

1) (=possess) tener

he's got or he has blue eyes — tiene los ojos azules

have you got or do you have 10p? — ¿tienes diez peniques?

have you got or do you have any brothers or sisters? — ¿tienes hermanos?

she had her eyes closed — tenía los ojos cerrados

he hasn't got or he doesn't have any friends — no tiene amigos

I've got or I have a friend staying next week — tengo a un amigo en casa la semana que viene

I've got or I have an idea — tengo una idea
Don't translate the [a] in sentences like [has he got a girlfriend?], [I haven't got a washing-machine] if the number of such items is not significant since people normally only have one at a time:
has he got a girlfriend? — ¿tiene novia?

I haven't got a washing-machine — no tengo lavadora
Do translate the [a] if the person or thing is qualified:
he has a Spanish girlfriend — tiene una novia española

• all or everything I have is yours — todo lo que tengo es tuyo

you must give it all or everything you have — tienes que emplearte a fondo

you must put all or everything you have into it — tienes que emplearte a fondo

• can I have a pencil please? — ¿me puedes dar un lápiz, por favor?

• the book has no name on it — el libro no lleva or tiene el nombre del dueño

I've got or I have no Spanish — no sé español

• to have something to do — tener algo que hacer

I've got some letters to write — tengo algunas cartas que escribir

I've got or I have nothing to do — no tengo nada que hacer

haven't you got anything to do? — ¿no tienes nada que hacer?

• hello, what have we here? — vaya, vaya, ¿qué tenemos aquí?
handy, ready 1., 1), a)
2) (=eat, drink) tomar

• what are we having for lunch? — ¿que vamos a comer?

we had ice-cream for dessert — tomamos helado de postre

• to have something to eat/drink — comer/beber algo, tomar algo

• what will you have? — ¿qué quieres tomar?, ¿qué vas a tomar?

I'll have a coffee — tomaré un café

will you have some more? — ¿te sirvo más?

3) (=receive) recibir

thank you for having me — gracias por su hospitalidad

• you can have my ticket — puedes quedarte con mi billete

• we had some help from the government — recibimos ayuda del gobierno

• I had a letter from John — tuve carta de Juan, recibí una carta de Juan

• I must have them by this afternoon — necesito tenerlos para esta tarde

• to have no news — no tener noticias

• they had a lot of wedding presents — recibieron or les hicieron muchos regalos de boda

• we had a lot of visitors — (at home) tuvimos muchas visitas; (at exhibition etc) tuvimos muchos visitantes

4) (=obtain)

they can be had for as little as £10 each — pueden conseguirse por tan solo 10 libras

it's not to be had anywhere — no se consigue en ninguna parte

there was no bread to be had — no quedaba pan en ningún sitio, no podía conseguirse pan en ningún sitio

5) (=take)

I'll have a dozen eggs, please — ¿me pones una docena de huevos, por favor?

which one will you have? — ¿cuál quiere?

can I have your name please? — ¿me da su nombre, por favor?

• you can have it or I'll let you have it for £10 — te lo dejo en 10 libras, te lo puedes llevar por 10 libras, te lo vendo por 10 libras

6) (=give birth to) [+ baby, kittens] tener

what did she have? — ¿qué ha tenido?

she had a boy — ha tenido un niño

7) (=hold, catch) tener

I have him in my power — lo tengo en mi poder

• he had him by the throat — lo tenía agarrado por la garganta

• I have it on good authority that... — me consta que..., sé a ciencia cierta que..., sé de buena tinta que... *

I've got it! — ¡ya!

• you have me there, there you have me — ahí sí que me has pillado *

8) (=allow) consentir, tolerar

• we can't have that — eso no se puede consentir

• I won't have this nonsense — no voy a consentir or tolerar estas tonterías

I won't have it! — no lo voy a consentir or tolerar

she won't have it said that... — no consiente or tolera que digan que...

I won't have him risking his neck on that motorbike — no voy a consentir que se juegue el cuello en esa moto

9) (=spend) pasar

to have a pleasant afternoon/evening — pasar una tarde agradable

have a nice day! — ¡que pases un buen día!

I had a horrible day at school today — he tenido un día horrible en el colegio

what sort of day have you had? — ¿qué tal día has tenido?

10) (on telephone)

can I have Personnel please? — ¿me puede poner con Personal, por favor?

11) * (=have sex with) acostarse con

12) (=make)

I'll soon have it nice and shiny — enseguida lo dejo bien brillante

he had us confused — nos tenía confundidos

13) (in set structures)
to have sth done hacer que se haga algo, mandar hacer algo
we had our luggage brought up — mandamos subir el equipaje

I've had the brakes checked — he mandado revisar los frenos

to have a suit made — (mandar) hacerse un traje

to have one's hair cut — cortarse el pelo

they had him killed — lo mataron
to have sb do sth mandar a algn hacer algo
he had me do it again — me hizo hacerlo otra vez, me hizo que lo hiciese otra vez

I had him clean the car — le hice limpiar el coche

what would you have me do? — † ¿qué quiere que haga?

I'll have you know that... — quiero que sepas que...
to have sth happen
she had her bag stolen — le robaron el bolso

he had his arm broken — le rompieron el brazo
to have sb doing sth
she soon had them all reading and writing — (=organized them) enseguida los puso a leer y a escribir; (=taught them) enseguida les habían enseñado a leer y a escribir

14) (in set expressions)
to have sth against sb/sth tener algo en contra de algn/algo to have had it
you've had it now! he knows all about it * — ¡ahora sí que te la has cargado! se ha enterado de todo

this sofa has had it * — este sofá ya no da para más *

I've had it up to here with his nonsense * — estoy hasta la coronilla or hasta el moño de sus tonterías *
to have it that
he will have it that he is right — insiste en que tiene razón

rumour has it that... — corre la voz de que...
to be had
you've been had! * — ¡te han engañado!
to have to do with tener que ver con
that's got or that has nothing to do with it! — ¡eso no tiene nada que ver!

you'd better not have anything to do with him — más te vale no tener tratos con él
to let sb have sth (=give) dar algo a algn; (=lend) dejar algo a algn, prestar algo a algn
I'll let you have my reply tomorrow — les daré mi respuesta mañana

let me have your address — dame tus señas

let me have your pen for a moment — déjame el boli un momento

let him have it! * — ¡dale!
what have you
... and what have you —... y qué sé yo qué más
would have it
as ill-luck or fate would have it — desgraciadamente
luck
2. AUXILIARY VERB

1) haber

I've already seen that film — ya he visto esa película

he's been very kind — ha sido muy amable

has he gone? — ¿se ha ido?

hasn't he told you? — ¿no te lo ha dicho?

she said she had spoken to them — dijo que había hablado con ellos

had you phoned me frm or if you had phoned me I would have come round — si me hubieras llamado habría venido

never having seen it before, I... — como no lo había visto antes,...

having finished or when he had finished, he left — cuando terminó or cuando hubo terminado, se fue
just I, 1., 3)
See:

SINCE in since

2) (verb substitute)

a)

you've got more than I have — tienes más que yo

they've done more than we have — ellos han hecho más que nosotros

he hasn't worked as hard as you have — él no ha trabajado tanto como tú

"he's already eaten" - "so have I" — -él ya ha comido -yo también

"we haven't had any news yet" - "neither have we" — -no hemos tenido noticias todavía -nosotros tampoco

"you've made a mistake" - "no I haven't!" — -has cometido un error -no es verdad or cierto

"we haven't paid" - "yes we have!" — -no hemos pagado -¡qué sí!

"he's got a new job" - "oh has he?" — -tiene un trabajo nuevo -¿ah, sí?

"you've written it twice" - "so I have!" — -lo has escrito dos veces -es verdad or cierto

"have you read the book?" - "yes, I have" — -¿has leído el libro? -sí

"has he told you?" - "no, he hasn't" — -¿te lo ha dicho? -no

b) (in question tags)

he hasn't done it, has he? — no lo ha hecho, ¿verdad?

you've done it, haven't you? — lo has hecho, ¿verdad? or ¿no?

3) (avoiding repetition of verb)

you've all been there before, but I haven't — vosotros habéis estado allí antes, pero yo no

he has never met her, but I have — él no la ha llegado a conocer, pero yo sí

have you ever been there? if you have... — ¿has estado alguna vez allí? si es así...

have you tried it? if you haven't... — ¿lo has probado? (porque) si no...
so I, 1., nor
3.

MODAL VERB (=be obliged)

to have (got) to do sth — tener que hacer algo

I've got to or I have to finish this work — tengo que terminar este trabajo

have we got to or do we have to leave early? — ¿tenemos que salir temprano?

I haven't got to or I don't have to wear glasses — no necesito (usar) gafas

I shall have to go and see her — tendré que ir a verla

it will just have to wait till tomorrow — tendrá que esperar hasta mañana

he had to pay all the money back — tuvo que devolver todo el dinero

she was having to get up at six each morning — tenía que levantarse a las seis cada mañana

this has to be a mistake — esto tiene que ser un error

do you have to make such a noise? — ¿tienes que hacer tanto ruido?

you didn't have to tell her! — ¡no tenías por qué decírselo!

it's nice not to have to work on Saturdays — es un gusto no tener que trabajar los sábados

it has to be done this way — tiene que hacerse de este modo

does it have to be ironed? — ¿hay que plancharlo?

- have around

- have away

- have back

- have down

- have in

- have off

- have on

- have out

- have over

- have round

- have up

* * *
[hæv], weak forms [həv, əv]
1.

1) (3rd pers sing pres has; past & past p had) transitive verb

Sense I

2) ( possess) tener*

I have o (esp BrE) I've got two cats — tengo dos gatos

I don't have o (esp BrE) haven't got any money — no tengo dinero

do you have a car? - no, I don't o (esp BrE) have you got a car? - no, I haven't — ¿tienes coche? - no (, no tengo)

3) (hold, have at one's disposal) tener*

look out, he's got a gun! — cuidado! tiene una pistola or está armado!

how much money do you have o (esp BrE) have you got on you? — ¿cuánto dinero tienes or llevas encima?

I had him by the arm — lo tenía agarrado del brazo

can I have a sheet of paper? — ¿me das una hoja de papel?

may I have your name? — ¿me dice su nombre?

could I have your Sales Department, please? — ( on phone) ¿me comunica or (Esp tb) me pone or (CS tb) me da con el departamento de ventas, por favor?

I have it!, I've got it! — ya lo tengo!, ya está, ya está!

all right: have it your own way! — está bien! haz lo que quieras!

what have we here? — ¿y esto?

to have something to + inf — tener* algo que + inf

I've (got) a lot to do — tengo mucho que hacer

4)

a) ( receive) \<\<letter/news\>\> tener*, recibir

could we have some silence, please? — (hagan) silencio, por favor

we have it on the best authority that... — sabemos de buena fuente que...

rumor/tradition has it that... — corre el rumor de que.../según la tradición...

to have had it — (colloq)

I've had it — ( I'm in trouble) estoy frito (AmL), me la he cargado (Esp fam); ( I've lost my chance) la he fastidiado (fam)

your umbrella's had it — tu paraguas no da para más (fam)

I've had it up to here with your complaining — estoy hasta la coronilla or hasta las narices de tus quejas (fam)

to have it in for somebody — (colloq) tenerle* manía or tirria a alguien (fam)

to let somebody have it — (sl) ( attack - physically) darle* su merecido a alguien; (- verbally) cantarle las cuarenta a alguien (fam), poner* a alguien verde (Esp fam)

b) ( obtain) conseguir*

they were the best/only seats to be had — eran los mejores/únicos asientos que había

I'll have a kilo of tomatoes, please — ¿me da or (Esp) me pone un kilo de tomates, por favor?

5) ( consume) \<\<steak/spaghetti\>\> comer, tomar (Esp); \<\<champagne/beer\>\> tomar

to have something to eat/drink — comer/beber algo

to have breakfast/dinner — desayunar/cenar, comer (AmL)

to have lunch — almorzar* or (esp Esp, Méx) comer

what are we having for dinner? — ¿qué hay de cena?

to have a cigarette — fumarse un cigarrillo

have some more sauce — sírvete más salsa

we had too much to drink — bebimos or (AmL tb) tomamos demasiado

6)

a) (experience, undergo) \<\<accident\>\> tener*

to have a setback — sufrir un revés

did you have good weather? — ¿te (or les etc) hizo buen tiempo?

have a nice day! — adiós! que le (or te etc) vaya bien!

we had a very pleasant evening — pasamos una noche muy agradable

I had an injection — me pusieron or me dieron una inyección

he had a heart transplant/an X ray — le hicieron un trasplante de corazón/una radiografía

she had a heart attack — le dio un ataque al corazón or un infarto

they have it easy — lo tienen (todo) muy fácil

b) ( organize) \<\<party\>\> hacer*, dar*

they had a meeting to discuss the issue — tuvieron una reunión para discutir el tema

c) ( suffer from) \<\<cancer/diabetes/flu\>\> tener*

to have a cold — estar* resfriado

he's got a headache/sore throat — le duele la cabeza/la garganta, tiene dolor de cabeza/garganta

7) ( look after) tener*

they have visitors — tienen visita

my mother offered to have the children — mi madre se ofreció a cuidar a los niños

8) ( give birth to) \<\<baby\>\> tener*

9) (colloq)

a) (catch, get the better of)

they almost had him, but he managed to escape — casi lo agarran or atrapan, pero logró escaparse

I'll have them for that — ya me las pagarán

b) ( swindle) timar; ( dupe) engañar

you've been had! — te han timado or engañado!

Sense II

10) (causative use)

we'll have it clean in no time — enseguida lo limpiamos or lo dejamos limpio

he had them all laughing/in tears — los hizo reír/llorar a todos

you had me worried — me tenías preocupado

to have somebody + INF: I'll have her call you back as soon as she arrives le diré or pediré que lo llame en cuanto llegue; I'll have you know, young man, that I... para que sepa, jovencito, yo...; to have something + PAST P: we had it repaired lo hicimos arreglar, lo mandamos (a) arreglar (AmL); to have one's hair cut — cortarse el pelo

11) ( indicating what happens to somebody)

I have people coming for dinner tonight — esta noche tengo gente a cenar

to have something + INF/+ PAST P: I've had three lambs die this week se me han muerto tres corderos esta semana; he had his bicycle stolen — le robaron la bicicleta

12)

a) ( allow) (with neg) tolerar, consentir*

I won't have it! — no lo consentiré or toleraré!

I won't have him interfering — no pienso tolerar que se inmiscuya

b) (accept, believe) aceptar, creer*

she wouldn't have it — no lo quiso aceptar or creer

13) (indicating state, position) tener*

I had the radio on — tenía la radio puesta

you have o (BrE) you've got your belt twisted — tienes el cinturón torcido

2.

1) v aux

Sense I

2) (used to form perfect tenses) haber*

I have/had seen her — la he/había visto

I have/had just seen her — la acabo/acababa de ver, recién la vi/la había visto (AmL)

have you been waiting long? — ¿hace mucho que esperas?, ¿llevas mucho rato esperando?

you have been busy — cómo has trabajado!

had I known that o if I'd known that... — si hubiera sabido que..., de haber sabido que...

when he had finished, she... — cuando terminó or (liter) cuando hubo terminado, ella...

3)

a) ( in tags)

you've been told, haven't you? — te lo han dicho ¿no? or ¿no es cierto? or ¿no es verdad?

you haven't lost the key, have you? — no habrás perdido la llave...!

b) ( elliptical use)

you may have forgiven him, but I haven't — puede que tú lo hayas perdonado, pero yo no

the clock has stopped - so it has! — el reloj se ha parado - es verdad! or es cierto!

you've forgotten something - have I? — te has olvidado de algo - ¿sí?

I've told her - you haven't! — se lo he dicho - no! ¿en serio?

Sense II

4) ( expressing obligation)

to have to + inf — tener* que + inf

I have o I've got to admit that... — tengo que reconocer que...

you don't have to be an expert to realize that — no hay que or no se necesita ser un experto para darse cuenta de eso

don't go out unless you have to — no salgas a menos que tengas que hacerlo

5) ( expressing certainty)

to have to + inf — tener* que + inf

it had to happen — tenía que ocurrir

you have to o you've got to be kidding! — lo dices en broma or en chiste!

•

Phrasal Verbs:

- have around

- have away

- have back

- have down

- have in

- have off

- have on

- have out

- have over

- have up

English-spanish dictionary > have
5 ir

v.

1 to go.

ir hacia el sur/al cine to go south/to the cinema

ir en autobús/coche to go by bus/car

ir andando to go on foot, to walk

¡vamos! let's go!

2 to be gradually.

ir haciendo algo to be (gradually) doing something

va anocheciendo it's getting dark

3 to go.

le va bien en su nuevo trabajo things are going well for him in his new job

su negocio va mal his business is going badly

¿cómo te va? how are you doing?

4 to go.

estas tazas van con estos platos these cups go with these saucers

5 to go, to belong.

esto no va ahí that doesn't go o belong there

6 to go, to leave (marcharse).

irse a to go to

¡vete! go away!

El bus va por el camino The bus goes down the road.

7 to go (to search).

ir (a) por algo/alguien to go and get something/somebody, to go and fetch something/somebody (peninsular Spanish)

8 to go (to consume, to disappear).

se ha ido la luz there's been a power cut

9 to be going (intención).

ir a hacer algo to be going to do something

te voy a echar de menos I'm going to miss you

10 to get (to change).

ir a mejor/peor to get better/worse

11 to work.

la manivela va floja the crank is loose

la televisión no va the television isn't working

12 to be meant (comentario, indirecta).

ir por alguien to be meant for somebody, to be aimed at somebody

13 to suit (clothes).

irle (bien) a alguien to suit somebody

esta camisa no va con esos pantalones this shirt doesn't go with these trousers

14 to do (tratamiento).

irle bien a alguien to do somebody good

15 to like, to care.

no me va el pop I don't like pop music (peninsular Spanish)

ni me va ni me viene I don't care one way or the other

16 to attend.

Ricardo va en las tardes Richard attends in the afternoons.

17 to be doing, to make out.

Me va bien I am doing well.

18 to keep on, to keep.

Ir caminando Keep on walking.

19 to go for.

Me va bien el negocio The business goes well for me

20 to match.

Estas medias van These socks match.

* * *

IR

CONJUGACIÓN

Present Indicative

voy, vas, va, vamos, vais, van.

Imperfect Subjunctive

iba, ibas, iba, íbamos, ibais, iban.

Past Indicative

fui, fuiste, fue, fuimos, fuisteis, fueron.

Present Subjunctive

vaya, vayas, vaya, vayamos, vayáis, vayan.

Imperfect Subjunctive

fuera, fueras, fuera, fuéramos, fuerais, fueran;

fuese, fueses, fuese, fuésemos, fueseis, fuesen.

Future Subjunctive

fuere, fueres, fuere, fuéremos, fuereis, fueren.

Imperative

ve (tú), vaya (él/Vd.), vayamos (nos.), id (vos.), vayan (ellos/Vds.).

* * *

verb

1) to go

2) get on

3) extend

•

- ir a
- ir a pie
- irse
* * *
Para las expresiones ir de vacaciones, ir de veras, ir dado, irse de la lengua, ver la otra entrada.
1. VERBO INTRANSITIVO

1) (=marchar)

a) [indicando movimiento, acción] to go

anoche fuimos al cine — we went to the cinema last night

¿has ido alguna vez a Quito? — have you ever been to Quito?

¿a qué colegio vas? — what school do you go to?

esta carretera va a Huesca — this road goes to Huesca, this is the road to Huesca

íbamos hacia Sevilla — we were going towards Seville

ir hasta León — to go as far as León

ir despacio — to go slow(ly)

ir con tiento — to go carefully {o} cautiously

¡ya voy!, ¡ahora voy! — coming!, I'll be right there!

vamos a casa — let's go home

¿quién va? — (Mil) who goes there?

b) [indicando la forma de transporte]

• ir [andando] — to walk, go on foot

tuvimos que ir andando — we had to walk {o} go on foot

¿vas a ir andando o en autobús? — are you walking or going by bus?

• ir en [avión] — to fly

• ir en [bicicleta] — to ride

• ir a [caballo] — to ride

• fui en [coche] — I went by car, I drove

• ir a [pie] — to walk, go on foot

• fui en [tren] — I went by train {o} rail

c) [con complemento]

iba muy bien vestido — he was very well dressed

este reloj va atrasado — this clock is slow

iban muertos de risa por la calle — they were killing themselves laughing as they went down the street

d)

• ir (a) [por] — to go and get

voy (a) por el paraguas — I'll go and get the umbrella

voy por el médico — I'll go and fetch {o} get the doctor

voy a por él — [a buscarle] I'll go and get him; [a atacarle] I'm going to get him

solo van a por las pelas — * they're only in it for the money

2) [indicando proceso]

a) [persona]

¿cómo va el paciente? — how's the patient doing?

el enfermo va mejor — the patient is improving {o} doing better

el enfermo va peor — the patient has got worse

b) [acción, obra] to go

¿cómo va el ensayo? — how's the essay going?, how are you getting on with the essay?

¿cómo va el partido? — what's the score?

¿cómo va eso? — how are things (going)?

todo va bien — everything's fine, everything's going well

los resultados van a mejor — the results are improving {o} getting better

c)

• ir [por], ¿te has leído ya el libro? ¿por dónde vas? — have you read the book yet? whereabouts are you? {o} how far have you got?

ir por la mitad de algo — to be halfway through sth

la película ya va por la mitad — it's already half way through the film

íbamos por la mitad de nuestro viaje — we were half way there

3) [indicando manera, posición]

ese cuadro debería ir encima del sofá — that picture should go over the sofa

lo que te dijo iba en serio — he meant what he said (to you)

4) (=extenderse) to go, stretch

la pradera va desde la montaña hasta el mar — the grasslands go {o} stretch from the mountains to the sea

• [en lo que] va de año — so far this year

en lo que va de semana hemos recibido cientos de llamadas — we've had hundreds of calls so far this week

en lo que va desde 1950 hasta nuestros días — from 1950 up until now

5) [indicando distancia, diferencia]

va mucho de uno a otro — there's a lot of difference between them

¡lo que va del padre al hijo! — what a difference there is between father and son!, father and son are nothing like each other!

de 7 a 9 van 2 — the difference between 7 and 9 is 2; [en resta] 7 from 9 leaves 2

6) [indicando acumulación]

con este van 30 — that makes 30 (with this one)

van ya tres llamadas y no contesta — we've called him three times and he doesn't answer

7) [en apuestas]

van cinco pesos a que no lo haces — I bet you five pesos you won't do it

¿cuánto va? — how much do you bet?

8) (=vestir)

ir con pantalones — to be wearing trousers

¿con qué ropa {o} cómo fuiste a la boda? — what did you wear to the wedding?

iba de rojo — she was dressed in red, she was wearing red

la que va de negro — the girl in black
etiqueta 2)
9)

irle a algn —

a) [indicando importancia]

nos va mucho en esto — we have a lot riding on this

le va la vida en ello — his life depends on it

- ni me va ni me viene

b) [indicando situación]

¿cómo te va? — how are things?, how are you doing?

¿cómo te va en los estudios? — how are you getting on with your studies?

¡que te vaya bien! — take care!

c) (=sentar) to suit

¿me va bien esto? — does this suit me?

no le va bien el sombrero — the hat doesn't suit her

d) * (=gustar)

no me va nada ese rollo — I'm not into that sort of thing *

ese tipo de gente no me va — I don't get on with that type of people

le va al Cruz Azul — Méx (Dep) he supports Cruz Azul

10) [seguido de preposición]
ir con (=acompañar, combinar) to go with
no quería ir con ella a ninguna parte — I didn't want to go anywhere with her

iba con su madre — he was with his mother

esta fotocopia debe ir con la carta — this photocopy has to go (in) with the letter

yo voy con el Real Madrid — I support Real Madrid

el marrón no va bien con el azul — brown and blue don't go together

eso de ser famosa no va con ella — being famous doesn't agree with her
ir de
¿de qué va la película? — what's the film about?

la película va nada más que de sexo — the film is all sex

no sabe de qué va el rollo — * he doesn't know what it's all about

va de intelectual por la vida — * he acts the intellectual all the time

¿de qué vas? — * what are you on about? *
ir para
va para los 40 — he's getting on for 40, he's knocking on 40

va para viejo — he's getting old

va para arquitecto — he's going to be an architect

va para cinco años que entré en la Universidad — it's getting on for five years since I started University
ir por [indicando intención]
eso no va por usted — I wasn't referring to you, that wasn't meant for you

¡va por los novios! — (here's) to the bride and groom!
ir tras to go after
se dio cuenta de que iban tras él — he realized they were after him

ir tras una chica — to chase (after) a girl

11) [otras locuciones]

• [a lo que] iba — as I was saying

• ir a algn [con] algo, siempre le iba con sus problemas — he always went to her with his problems

• [¿dónde] vas?, -¿le regalamos un equipo de música? -¿dónde vas? con un libro tiene bastante — "shall we give him a stereo?" - "what do you mean? a book is fine"

-¿le pido disculpas? -¿dónde vas? deja que sea él quien se disculpe — "shall I apologize?" - "what are you talking about? let him be the one to apologize"

• si vamos a [eso] — for that matter

a eso voy — I'm coming to that

pues, a eso voy — that's what I mean, that's what I'm getting at

• es el [no] va más — * it's the ultimate

• ir de mal en [peor] — to go from bad to worse

• ir a lo [suyo] — to do one's own thing; pey to look after Number One

aquí cada uno va a lo suyo — everyone does their own thing here

• ir y [venir], era un constante ir y venir de ambulancias — ambulances were constantly coming and going

llevo todo el día yendo y viniendo de un lado al otro de la ciudad — I've spent all day going from one end of town to the other

cuando tú vas, yo ya he venido — I've been there before, I've seen it all before

• ir [y], ahora va y me dice que no viene — now he goes and tells me he's not coming

fue y se marchó — Méx * he just upped and left *
lejos 1., 1)
12) [exclamaciones]
¡vaya! [indicando sorpresa] well!; [indicando enfado] damn!
¡vaya! ¿qué haces tú por aquí? — well, what a surprise! what are you doing here?

¡vaya, vaya! — well I'm blowed! *

¡vaya coche! — what a car!, that's some car!

¡vaya susto que me pegué! — I got such a fright!, what a fright I got!

¡vaya con el niño! — that damn kid! *
¡vamos! [dando ánimos] come on!; [para ponerse en marcha] let's go!
¡vamos! ¡di algo! — come on! say something!

vamos, no es difícil — come on, it's not difficult

una chica, vamos, una mujer — a girl, well, a woman

es molesto, pero ¡vamos! — it's a nuisance, but there it is
¡qué va!
-¿no me vas a echar la bronca? -no, qué va — "you're not going to tell me off, are you?" - "of course I'm not"

¿perder la liga? ¡qué va, hombre! — lose the league? you must be joking!

2.

VERBO AUXILIAR
ir a ({+ infin}) to go
fui a verle — I went to see him

vamos a hacerlo — [afirmando] we are going to do it; [exhortando] let's do it

tras muchas vueltas fuimos a dar con la calle Serrano — after driving round for ages we eventually found Serrano Street

¿cómo lo iba a tener? — how could he have had it?

¡no lo va a saber! — of course he knows!

¿no irás a decirme que no lo sabías? — you're not going to tell me you didn't know?

¿no irá a soplar? — ** I hope he's not going to split on us *

• no vaya a [ser] que..., no salgas no vaya a ser que venga — don't go out in case she comes
ir ({+ gerund})
iba anocheciendo — it was getting dark

iban fumando — they were smoking

¿quién va ganando? — who's winning?

fueron hablando todo el camino — they talked the whole way there

como iba diciendo — as I was saying

¡voy corriendo! — I'll be right there!

id pensando en el tema que queréis tratar — be {o} start thinking about the subject you want to deal with

hemos ido consiguiendo lo que queríamos — we found what we wanted eventually

voy comprendiendo que... — I am beginning to see that...
ir ({+ participio})
van escritas tres cartas — that's three letters I've written

va vendido todo — everything has been sold

3.

See:

irse

* * *
1.
verbo intransitivo

Sentido I

1)

a) (trasladarse, desplazarse) to go

ir en taxi — to go by taxi

iban a caballo/a pie — they were on horseback/on foot

ir por mar — to go by sea

Fernando! - voy! — Fernando! - (just) coming! o I'll be right there!

lo oía ir y venir por la habitación — I could hear him pacing up and down the room

el ir y venir de los invitados — the coming and going of the guests

no hago más que ir y venir de un lado para otro — I do nothing but run around

voy al mercado — I'm going to the market, I'm off to the market (colloq)

vamos a casa — let's go home

¿adónde va este tren? — where's this train going (to)?

¿tú vas a misa? — do you go to church?

ir de compras/de caza — to go shopping/hunting

ya vamos para allá — we're on our way

¿por dónde se va a...? — how do you get to...?

a eso voy — I'm just coming o getting to that

¿dónde vas/va/van? — (Esp fam) ( frente a una exageración)

¿dónde vas con tanto pan? — what are you doing with all that bread?

¿dejamos 500 de propina? - dónde vas! — shall we leave 500 as a tip? - you must be joking o kidding!

ir a dar a un lugar — ver parar

ir a por alguien — (Esp)

ha ido a por su madre — he's gone to get his mother, he's gone to pick his mother up

ten cuidado, que va a por ti — watch out, he's out to get you o he's after you

el perro fue a por él — the dog went for him

ir por or (Esp) a por algo: voy (a) por pan I'm going to get some bread; no irla con algo (RPl fam): no la voy con tanta liberalidad I don't go along with all this liberalism; no me/le va ni me/le viene (fam) (no me, le concierne) it's none of my/his/her business; (ne me, le afecta) it doesn't affect me/him/her; allí donde fueres haz lo que vieres — when in Rome, do as the Romans do

b) ( asistir) to go to

voy a clases nocturnas — I go to evening classes

ya va al colegio/a la universidad — she's already at school/university

2) ( expresando propósito)

ir a + inf: ¿has ido a verla? have you been to see her?; ve a ayudarla — go and help her; ver tb v aux I

3)

irle a alguien con algo: no le vayas con tus problemas don't bother him with your problems; le fue a la maestra con el chisme — she went and told the story to the teacher

4)

a) (al arrojar algo, arrojarse)

tírame la llave - allá va! — throw me the key - here you are o there you go!

tírate del trampolín - allá voy! — jump off the board! - here I go/come!

b) (Jueg)

ahí van otros $2.000 — there's another $2,000

no va más! — no more bets!

ahí va! — (Esp fam)

ahí va! me he olvidado el dinero — oh no! I've forgotten the money

ganó 20 millones en la lotería - ahí va! — he won 20 million in the lottery - wow o (AmE) gee whiz! (colloq)

5) comentario

no iba con mala intención — it wasn't meant unkindly

eso va por ti también — that goes for you too o and the same goes for you

6) ( estar en juego) (+ me/te/le etc)

le iba la vida en ello — her life depended on it o was at stake

7) (fam) (hablando de acciones imprevistas, sorprendentes)

fue y le dio un puñetazo — she went and punched him

y la tonta va y se lo cree — and like an idiot she believed him

Sentido II

8) (+ compl) ( sin énfasis en el movimiento)

iban cantando por el camino — they sang as they went along

¿van cómodos? — are you comfortable?

¿irán bien aquí los vasos? — will the glasses be safe here?

íbamos sentados — we were sitting down

vas que pareces un pordiosero — you look like some sort of beggar

iba con miedo — she was afraid

vas muy cargada — you have a lot to carry

yo iba a la cabeza — I was in the lead

hay que ir con los ojos bien abiertos — you have to keep your eyes open

va de chasco en chasco — he's had one disappointment after another

9) ( refiriéndose al atuendo)

ir de algo: iban de largo they wore long dresses; voy a ir de Drácula I'm going to go as Dracula; iba de verde — she was dressed in green

10) ( en calidad de)

ir de algo — to go (along) as something

yo fui de intérprete — I went along as interpreter

¿de qué vas, tía? ¿te crees que somos tontos o qué? — (Esp arg) hey, what are you playing at? do you think we're stupid or something?

va de guapo/genio por la vida — (Esp arg) he really thinks he's good-looking/clever

11) (Esp fam) ( tratar)

¿de qué va la novela? — what's the novel about?

Sentido III

12) camino/sendero ( llevar)

ir a algo — to lead to something, to go to something

13) (extenderse, abarcar)

la autopista va desde Madrid hasta Valencia — the highway goes from Madrid to Valencia

el período que va desde la Edad Media hasta el Renacimiento — the period from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance

Sentido IV

14) (marchar, desarrollarse)

¿cómo va el enfermo/el nuevo trabajo? — how's the patient doing/the new job going?

va de mal en peor — it's going from bad to worse;; (+ me/te/le etc)

¿cómo te va? — how's it going?, how are things? (colloq), what's up? (AmE colloq)

¿cómo les fue en Italia? — how was Italy?, how did you get on in Italy?

me fue mal/bien en el examen/la entrevista — I did badly/well in the exam/the interview

que te vaya bien! — all the best! o take care!

que te vaya bien (en) el examen! — good luck in the exam

¿cómo le va con el novio? — how's she getting on with her boyfriend?

15) (en juegos, competiciones)

¿cómo van? - 3-1 — what's the score? - 3-1

voy ganando yo — I'm ahead, I'm winning

16) ( en el desarrollo de algo)

ir por algo: ¿por dónde van en historia? where have you got (up) to in history?; ¿todavía vas por la página 20? — are you still on page 20?

17) ( estar en camino)

ir para algo: vamos para viejos! we're getting on o old!; va para los cincuenta she's going on fifty; ya va para dos años que... — it's getting on for two years since...

18) (sumar, hacer)

ya van tres veces que te lo digo — this is the third time I've told you

con éste van seis — six, counting this one

ya van tres pasteles que se come — that makes three cakes he's eaten now

19) ( haber transcurrido)

en lo que va del or (Esp) de año/mes — so far this year/month

20) ( haber diferencia)

de tres a ocho van cinco — eight minus three is five

lo que va de un hermano a otro! — (fam) it's amazing the difference between the two brothers! (colloq)

21) (CS) (depender, radicar)

ir en algo — to depend on something

no sé en qué vá — I don't know what it depends on

Sentido V

22)

a) ( deber colocarse) to go

¿dónde van las toallas? — where do the towels go?

qué va! — (fam)

¿has terminado? - qué va! — have you finished? - you must be joking!

¿se disgustó? - qué va! — did she get upset? - not at all!

vamos a perder el avión - qué va! — we're going to miss the plane - nonsense!

b) ( deber escribirse)

¿va con mayúscula? — is it written with a capital letter?

¿va con acento? — does it have an accent?

c) (RPl) ( estar incluido)

todo esto va para el examen — all of this will be included in the exam

23)

a) ( combinar)

ir con algo — to go with something

b) (sentar, convenir) (+ me/te/le etc)

el negro no te va bien — black doesn't suit you

te irá bien un descanso — a rest will do you good

c)

ir en contra de algo — to go against something

24) (Esp arg) ( gustar) (+ me/te/le etc)

esa música no me va — that music does nothing for me o leaves me cold

25) (Méx) (tomar partido por, apoyar)

irle a algo/alguien — to support something/somebody

le va al equipo peruano — he supports the Peruvian team

Sentido VI

26) vamos

a) (expresando incredulidad, fastidio)

vamos! ¿eso quién se lo va a creer? — come off it o come on! who do you think's going to believe that?

b) (intentando tranquilizar, animar, dar prisa)

vamos, mujer, dile algo — go on, say something to him

vamos, date prisa! — come on, hurry up!

dar el vamos a algo — (Chi) to inaugurate something

desde el vamos — (RPl fam) from the word go

c) (al aclarar, resumir)

eso sería un disparate, vamos, digo yo — that would be a stupid thing to do, well, that's what I think anyway

vamos, que no es una persona de fiar — basically, he's not very trustworthy

es mejor que el otro, vamos — it's better than the other one, anyway

27) vaya

a) (expresando sorpresa, contrariedad)

vaya! tú por aquí! — what a surprise! what are you doing here?

vaya! se me ha vuelto a caer! — oh no o (colloq) damn! it's fallen over again!

b) (Esp) ( para enfatizar)

vaya cochazo! — that's some car!

vaya (que) si la conozco! — you bet I know her!

c) (al aclarar, resumir)

vaya, que los hay peores — well, I mean there are plenty worse
2.
ir v aux

Sentido I

1)

ir a + inf —

2)

a) (para expresar tiempo futuro, propósito) to be going to + inf

te vas a caer! — you're going to fall!

voy a estudiar medicina — I'm going to study medicine

va a hacer dos años que... — it's getting on for two years since...

esto no te va a gustar — you're not going to like this

te voy a pegar — I'm going to smack you

b) (en propuestas, sugerencias)

vamos a ver ¿cómo dices que te llamas? — now then, what did you say your name was?

bueno, vamos a trabajar — all right, let's get to work

3)

a) (al prevenir, hacer recomendaciones)

que no se te vaya a caer — make sure you don't drop it

cuidado, no te vayas a caer — mind you don't fall (colloq)

lleva el paraguas, no vaya a ser que llueva — take the umbrella in case it rains

b) ( expresando un deseo)

que te vaya bien! — all the best!

4) ( expresando inevitabilidad)

qué le iba a decir! — what else could I tell her?

¿qué iba a pensar el pobre? — what was the poor man supposed o meant to think?

¿quién iba a ser si no? — who else could it have been?

¿no irá a hacer alguna tontería? — you don't think she'll go and do something stupid, do you?

5) ( expresando incredulidad)

no irás a darle la razón a él! — surely you're not going to say he was right!

6)

a) ( en afirmaciones enfáticas)

¿te acuerdas? - no me voy a acordar! — do you remember - of course I do o how could I forget?

b) ( al contradecir)

¿dormiste bien? - qué voy a dormir! — did you sleep well?- how could I?

cómo iba a saberlo! — how was I supposed to know?

¿por qué la voy a ayudar? — why should I help her?

Sentido II

7) ( expresando un proceso paulatino)

ir + ger: poco a poco irá aprendiendo she'll learn little by little; a medida que va subiendo as it rises; tú puedes ir comiendo you can start eating; ya puedes ir haciéndote a la idea you'd better get used to the idea; la situación ha ido empeorando — the situation has been getting worse and worse
3.
irse v pron

1) ( marcharse) to leave

¿por qué te vas tan temprano? — why are you leaving o going so soon?

vámonos — let's go

bueno, me voy — right then, I'm taking off (AmE) o (BrE) I'm off

no te vayas — don't go

vete a la cama — go to bed

se fue de casa — she left home

vete de aquí — get out of here

se fue de la empresa — she left the company

se han ido de viaje — they're away, they've gone away

anda, vete por ahí — (fam) get lost! (colloq); (+ me/te/le etc)

se nos fué a vivir a Florida — he went (off) to live in Florida

no te me vayas, quiero hablar contigo — (fam) don't run away, I want to talk to you (colloq)

2) (consumirse, gastarse)

cómo se va el dinero! — I don't know where the money goes!; (+ me/te/le etc)

se me va medio sueldo en el alquiler — half my salary goes on the rent

qué rápido se me ha ido la tarde! — hasn't the evening gone quickly?

3) ( desaparecer) mancha/dolor to go

se ha ido la luz — the electricity's gone off; (+ me/te/le etc)

¿se te ha ido el dolor de cabeza? — has your headache gone?

4) (salirse, escaparse) líquido/gas to escape; (+ me/te/le etc)

se le está yendo el aire al globo — the balloon's losing air o going down

5) (euf) ( morirse) to slip away (euph)

6) (caerse, perder el equilibrio) (+ compl)

irse de boca/espaldas — to fall flat on one's face/back

me iba para atrás — I was falling backwards

frenó y nos fuimos todos para adelante — he braked and we all went flying forwards

7) (andarse, actuar) (+ compl)

vete con cuidado/tacto — be careful/tactful

8)

a) (CS) ( en naipes) to go out

b) (RPl) ( en una asignatura) tb

irse a examen — to have to take an exam

9) (Andes, Ven) medias to run

se me fueron las medias — my tights have run

* * *

= attend, go, run, go over, saunter, come, go forth.

Ex. He was awarded the bachelor's degree, magna cum laude, from Harvard University, and he attended Rutgers Library School where he graduated first in his class.

Ex. It was 'exceedingly inconvenient' because the books were entered in it 'where no person who goes to consult the catalogue would expect to find them'.

Ex. Arabic numerals are used to denote further divisions, in an integral manner, running from 1 to 9999, as necessary.

Ex. Compassion shadowed the trustee's face -- she could see he was desperate -- and compassion was in her voice as she answered: 'All right, I'll go over this afternoon'.

Ex. She sauntered back to her desk, intending to work, and was a little perturbed to find that she could not work.

Ex. This article urges children's librarians to attack 'aliteracy' (lack of a desire to read) as well as illiteracy by taking programmes, e.g. story hours, to children who do not come to libraries.

Ex. Finally six men agreed to go forth in their underclothes and nooses around their necks in hopeful expectation that their sacrifice would satisfy the king's bloodlust and he would spare the rest of the citizens.

----

* algo va mal = something is amiss.

* ¡allá voy! = here I come!.

* a punto de irse a pique = on the rocks.

* cosas + ir bien = things + go well.

* descanso para ir al baño = bathroom break.

* despedirse de Alguien deseándole que todo vaya bien = wish + well.

* donde fueres haz lo que vieres = when in Rome (do as the Romans do).

* el no va más = the be all and end all.

* empezar a ir bien = fall into + place.

* empezar a irse al garete = be on the skids.

* empezar a irse al garete, empezar a empeorar = hit + the skids.

* grupo de usuarios al que va dirigido = target user group.

* ir a = get to, turn to, refer to, be out to, head for, come to, take + a trip to, go to.

* ir a casa de = make + house calls.

* ir acompañado de = come with.

* ir a continuación de = follow in + the footsteps of.

* ir a contra reloj = race against + time, race against + the clock.

* ir a cuestas de = piggyback [piggy-back].

* ir a dar un paseo = go for + a stroll.

* ir a + Infinitivo = be to + Infinitivo.

* ir a jucio = stand + trial, stand for + trial.

* ir a jucio, ser juzgado, ser procesado = stand for + trial.

* ir a la baja = be down.

* ir a la bancarrota = go + belly up.

* ir a la cárcel = serve + time.

* ir a la escuela = go to + school.

* ir a la guerra = go to + war.

* ir a la par = proceed + in parallel.

* ir a la par con = go + hand in hand (with), go + hand in glove with.

* ir a las mil maravillas = go + great guns, go from + strength to strength, grow from + strength to strength, be fine and dandy.

* ir a la zaga = trail, trail behind, lag + behind.

* ir al centro = go + downtown.

* ir al cine = go to + the cinema, movie-going.

* ir al grano = cut to + the chase.

* ir a lo seguro = play it + safe.

* ir al pub = go to + the pub.

* ir al teatro = go to + the theatre, theatre-going.

* ir a + Lugar = trot off + Lugar.

* ir al unísono = be hand in hand.

* ir al unísono con = go + hand in hand (with), go + hand in glove with.

* ir a otro sitio = go + elsewhere.

* ir a pie = leg it.

* ir a por = go for.

* ir a por todas = go for + broke, shoot (for) + the moon.

* ir a tientas y a ciegas = bump around + in the dark, fumble.

* ir a toda velocidad = hurtle.

* ir a un Lugar en coche = drive out to.

* ir aun más lejos = go + a/one step further.

* ir a un Sitio sin prisa = mosey.

* ir a ver = drop in on, check out.

* ir a ver a Alguien = say + hi.

* ir a ver a Alguien a su casa = home-visiting.

* ir bien = go + well, do + well, go + strong.

* ir bien encaminado = be on the right track.

* ir cada vez mejor = go from + strength to strength, grow from + strength to strength, go + great guns.

* ir con = go with, come with.

* ir con la corriente = go with + the flow, go along with + the flow.

* ir con la nueva ola = ride + wave.

* ir con mucho ojo = keep + Posesivo + eyes peeled, keep + Posesivo + eyes skinned, keep + Posesivo + eyes (wide) open.

* ir con retraso con respecto a = lag + behind.

* ir contracorriente = go against + the flow.

* ir corriendo = hot-foot it to.

* ir corriendo a = dash off to, run off to.

* ir cuesta abajo = go + downhill.

* ir de... a... = proceed from... to....

* ir de... a = make + transition from... to..., range from... to..., go from... to..., work from... to, stretch from... to..., ricochet from... to.

* ir de acampada = camp.

* ir de aquí a allá = go out and about.

* ir de aquí para allá = ply, bustle, jump, live out of + a suitcase, run + here and there.

* ir de aquí para allá sin rumbo fijo = freewheel.

* ir de compras = go + shopping.

* ir de copas = go for + a drink.

* ir de + Dirección = work from + Dirección.

* ir de excursión = hike.

* ir de excursión por la montaña = go + tracking.

* ir de la mano = go + hand in hand (with), be hand in hand.

* ir delante = lead + the way.

* ir de mal en peor = go from + bad to worse.

* ir demasiado lejos = overstate + case, go + too far.

* ir de paquete = pillion riding, ride + pillion .

* ir de perlas = come up + a treat, work + a treat, go down + a treat.

* ir de putas = whoring.

* ir descaminado = be on the wrong track, be headed down the wrong track.

* ir de tranqui = play it + cool.

* ir detrás de = chase after, lag + behind.

* ir de un sitio a otro = shunt between.

* ir de un sitio para otro = run around.

* ir de vacaciones = go on + vacation, go on + holidays.

* ir de viaje de novios = honeymoon.

* ir dirigido a = be geared to, target, aim at.

* ir en = ride.

* ir en aumento = be on the increase.

* ir en bici = bike.

* ir en bicicleta = cycle.

* ir encaminado hacia = be on + Posesivo + way to.

* ir en caravana = go in + (a) convoy, drive in + (a) convoy.

* ir en contra de = contravene, fly in + the face of, go against, militate against, stand in + contrast to, tell against, be at odds with, work at + cross purposes, be at cross purposes, turn against, play against, be contrary to, run up against, work against, set against, run + counter to, run + contrary to, be at loggerheads with, argue against, stand in + sharp contrast to, speak against, run + afoul of, fall + afoul of.

* ir en contra de la corriente = go against + the flow.

* ir en contra de la ley = be against the law.

* ir en contra del reloj = race against + time, race against + the clock.

* ir en contra del sentido común = violate + common sense.

* ir en contra del sistema = buck + the system.

* ir en contra del tiempo = race against + time, race against + the clock.

* ir en contra de todos + Posesivo + principios = violate + principle.

* ir en detrimento de los intereses = prejudice + interests.

* ir en el asiento trasero = pillion riding, ride + pillion .

* ir en moto = bike.

* ir en paralelo con = run + parallel to.

* ir entre = go between.

* ir hacia = head for.

* ir hacia atrás = page + backward.

* ir hacia delante = page + forward.

* ir hecho un desastre = look like + drag + through a hedge backwards, look like + the wreck of the Hesperus.

* irle Algo a Alguien = fare.

* irle a Uno = make out.

* ir mal = go + wrong.

* ir mal encaminado = be on the wrong track, be headed down the wrong track.

* ir marcha atrás = back up.

* ir más allá = go + one stage further.

* ir más allá de = go beyond, go + deeper than, transcend, get beyond, go far beyond, move + beyond, take + Nombre + a/one step further/farther, go + past.

* ir más allá de las posibilidades de Alguien = be beyond + Posesivo + capabilities.

* ir más despacio = slow down, slow up.

* ir más lejos = go + one stage further.

* ir montado en + Vehículo = ride + Vehículo.

* ir muy atrasado = be way behind schedule.

* ir muy por detrás de = be far behind.

* ir pegado a = hug.

* ir poco más allá de + Infinitivo = go little further than + Gerundio.

* ir por ahí = go + (a)round, be out and about, get out and about.

* ir por buen camino = be on the right track.

* ir por detrás = be behind, trail, trail behind, lag.

* ir por detrás de = lag + behind.

* ir por el buen camino = be right on track.

* ir por mal camino = be on the wrong track, be headed down the wrong track.

* ir primero = lead + the way.

* ir rápido = fly.

* ir retrasado con el trabajo = be behind in + Posesivo + work.

* ir rumbo a = be on the road to.

* irse = depart, make + departure, quit + Lugar, take + departure, go off, wend + Posesivo + way, leave, go away, take + Posesivo + leave, be gone, head off, walk out, make + a quick getaway.

* irse a casa = go + home.

* irse a freír espárragos = naff off.

* irse a la cama = retire + at night.

* irse a la mierda = naff off.

* irse a la porra = go + pear-shaped, go down + the tube, go down + the drain.

* irse al carajo = go + pear-shaped, go to + shit.

* irse al cuerno = naff off.

* irse al diablo = naff off.

* irse al garete = go + kaput, be kaput, be up the spout.

* irse al traste = come + unstuck, go + kaput, be kaput, go down + the tube, go down + the drain, go to + shit, be up the spout.

* irse al trasto = go + pear-shaped.

* irse a paseo = naff off.

* irse a pique = founder, bite + the dust, give up + the ghost, come + unstuck, go + pear-shaped, go + kaput, be kaput, go + haywire, go down + the tube, go down + the drain, be up the spout.

* irse a tomar por culo = naff off.

* irse corriendo = dash off, shoot off.

* irse de casa = leave + home.

* irse de jarana = paint + the town red, go out on + the town.

* irse de juerga = paint + the town red, go out on + the town.

* irse de la lengua = spill + the beans, shoot + Posesivo + mouth off, let + the cat out of the bag, blow + the gaff.

* irse de marcha = paint + the town red, go out on + the town.

* irse de parranda = paint + the town red, go out on + the town.

* irse de picos pardos = paint + the town red, go out on + the town.

* irse derecho a = make + a beeline for.

* irse de vacaciones = vacation.

* irse enojado dando zapatazos = stomp away.

* irse inadvertidamente = slip away.

* irse la cabeza = go + bananas.

* írsele a Uno Algo de las manos = get out of + hand.

* írsele a Uno el santo al cielo = lose + track of time, it + go + right/straight out of + Posesivo + mind.

* írsele la cabeza = go off + Posesivo + head.

* írsele la mano a Uno = overplay + Posesivo + hand.

* irse para siempre = go + forever.

* irse por las ramas = go off + the track, get off + the track, go off on + another track, fly off on + a tangent, go off on + a tangent, wander off + track, wander off + topic, go off at + a tangent.

* irse por la tangente = wander off + track, wander off + topic, go off on + a tangent, go off at + a tangent, go off + the track, get off + the track, fly off on + a tangent.

* ir sobre ruedas = go off without + a hitch.

* ir sobre seguro = be on secure ground, play it + safe.

* ir tirando = get along + in the world, shuffle along, tick over, muddle along, keep + the wolves from the door.

* ir todavía más lejos = go + a/one step further.

* ir todo bien = be fine.

* ir todo de maravilla = come up + roses.

* ir unido a = go with + the territory (of), come with + the territory (of).

* ir viento en popa = go from + strength to strength, grow from + strength to strength, go + great guns.

* ir volando = hurtle, hot-foot it to.

* ir y venir = come and go.

* ir zumbando = whiz.

* no tener que ir muy lejos = not have to look far.

* no voy a aguantarlo más = not going to take it any more.

* para que vayamos pensando = food for thought.

* partido de ida = away game.

* pendiente de ir a la última moda = fashion-conscious.

* persona que va al cine = moviegoer [movie-goer].

* público al que va dirigido = intended audience, subject audience, target audience, targeted audience.

* que van dirigidos hacia el exterior = outbound.

* quién iba a decir entonces que... = little did + Verbo + then that....

* ser hora de irse = be time to go.

* ser lo que a Uno le va = be (right) up + Posesivo + alley.

* situación + irse de las manos = things + get out of hand.

* si vamos a eso = for that matter.

* todo ir bien = all + be + well with the world.

* va a = gonna [going to].

* vete a la mierda = fuck off.

* véte al carajo = drop dead!.

* véte al cuerno = drop dead!.

* vete a tomar por culo = fuck off.

* ya ir siendo hora de que = be high time (that/to/for), be about time (that).

* * *
1.
verbo intransitivo

Sentido I

1)

a) (trasladarse, desplazarse) to go

ir en taxi — to go by taxi

iban a caballo/a pie — they were on horseback/on foot

ir por mar — to go by sea

Fernando! - voy! — Fernando! - (just) coming! o I'll be right there!

lo oía ir y venir por la habitación — I could hear him pacing up and down the room

el ir y venir de los invitados — the coming and going of the guests

no hago más que ir y venir de un lado para otro — I do nothing but run around

voy al mercado — I'm going to the market, I'm off to the market (colloq)

vamos a casa — let's go home

¿adónde va este tren? — where's this train going (to)?

¿tú vas a misa? — do you go to church?

ir de compras/de caza — to go shopping/hunting

ya vamos para allá — we're on our way

¿por dónde se va a...? — how do you get to...?

a eso voy — I'm just coming o getting to that

¿dónde vas/va/van? — (Esp fam) ( frente a una exageración)

¿dónde vas con tanto pan? — what are you doing with all that bread?

¿dejamos 500 de propina? - dónde vas! — shall we leave 500 as a tip? - you must be joking o kidding!

ir a dar a un lugar — ver parar

ir a por alguien — (Esp)

ha ido a por su madre — he's gone to get his mother, he's gone to pick his mother up

ten cuidado, que va a por ti — watch out, he's out to get you o he's after you

el perro fue a por él — the dog went for him

ir por or (Esp) a por algo: voy (a) por pan I'm going to get some bread; no irla con algo (RPl fam): no la voy con tanta liberalidad I don't go along with all this liberalism; no me/le va ni me/le viene (fam) (no me, le concierne) it's none of my/his/her business; (ne me, le afecta) it doesn't affect me/him/her; allí donde fueres haz lo que vieres — when in Rome, do as the Romans do

b) ( asistir) to go to

voy a clases nocturnas — I go to evening classes

ya va al colegio/a la universidad — she's already at school/university

2) ( expresando propósito)

ir a + inf: ¿has ido a verla? have you been to see her?; ve a ayudarla — go and help her; ver tb v aux I

3)

irle a alguien con algo: no le vayas con tus problemas don't bother him with your problems; le fue a la maestra con el chisme — she went and told the story to the teacher

4)

a) (al arrojar algo, arrojarse)

tírame la llave - allá va! — throw me the key - here you are o there you go!

tírate del trampolín - allá voy! — jump off the board! - here I go/come!

b) (Jueg)

ahí van otros $2.000 — there's another $2,000

no va más! — no more bets!

ahí va! — (Esp fam)

ahí va! me he olvidado el dinero — oh no! I've forgotten the money

ganó 20 millones en la lotería - ahí va! — he won 20 million in the lottery - wow o (AmE) gee whiz! (colloq)

5) comentario

no iba con mala intención — it wasn't meant unkindly

eso va por ti también — that goes for you too o and the same goes for you

6) ( estar en juego) (+ me/te/le etc)

le iba la vida en ello — her life depended on it o was at stake

7) (fam) (hablando de acciones imprevistas, sorprendentes)

fue y le dio un puñetazo — she went and punched him

y la tonta va y se lo cree — and like an idiot she believed him

Sentido II

8) (+ compl) ( sin énfasis en el movimiento)

iban cantando por el camino — they sang as they went along

¿van cómodos? — are you comfortable?

¿irán bien aquí los vasos? — will the glasses be safe here?

íbamos sentados — we were sitting down

vas que pareces un pordiosero — you look like some sort of beggar

iba con miedo — she was afraid

vas muy cargada — you have a lot to carry

yo iba a la cabeza — I was in the lead

hay que ir con los ojos bien abiertos — you have to keep your eyes open

va de chasco en chasco — he's had one disappointment after another

9) ( refiriéndose al atuendo)

ir de algo: iban de largo they wore long dresses; voy a ir de Drácula I'm going to go as Dracula; iba de verde — she was dressed in green

10) ( en calidad de)

ir de algo — to go (along) as something

yo fui de intérprete — I went along as interpreter

¿de qué vas, tía? ¿te crees que somos tontos o qué? — (Esp arg) hey, what are you playing at? do you think we're stupid or something?

va de guapo/genio por la vida — (Esp arg) he really thinks he's good-looking/clever

11) (Esp fam) ( tratar)

¿de qué va la novela? — what's the novel about?

Sentido III

12) camino/sendero ( llevar)

ir a algo — to lead to something, to go to something

13) (extenderse, abarcar)

la autopista va desde Madrid hasta Valencia — the highway goes from Madrid to Valencia

el período que va desde la Edad Media hasta el Renacimiento — the period from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance

Sentido IV

14) (marchar, desarrollarse)

¿cómo va el enfermo/el nuevo trabajo? — how's the patient doing/the new job going?

va de mal en peor — it's going from bad to worse;; (+ me/te/le etc)

¿cómo te va? — how's it going?, how are things? (colloq), what's up? (AmE colloq)

¿cómo les fue en Italia? — how was Italy?, how did you get on in Italy?

me fue mal/bien en el examen/la entrevista — I did badly/well in the exam/the interview

que te vaya bien! — all the best! o take care!

que te vaya bien (en) el examen! — good luck in the exam

¿cómo le va con el novio? — how's she getting on with her boyfriend?

15) (en juegos, competiciones)

¿cómo van? - 3-1 — what's the score? - 3-1

voy ganando yo — I'm ahead, I'm winning

16) ( en el desarrollo de algo)

ir por algo: ¿por dónde van en historia? where have you got (up) to in history?; ¿todavía vas por la página 20? — are you still on page 20?

17) ( estar en camino)

ir para algo: vamos para viejos! we're getting on o old!; va para los cincuenta she's going on fifty; ya va para dos años que... — it's getting on for two years since...

18) (sumar, hacer)

ya van tres veces que te lo digo — this is the third time I've told you

con éste van seis — six, counting this one

ya van tres pasteles que se come — that makes three cakes he's eaten now

19) ( haber transcurrido)

en lo que va del or (Esp) de año/mes — so far this year/month

20) ( haber diferencia)

de tres a ocho van cinco — eight minus three is five

lo que va de un hermano a otro! — (fam) it's amazing the difference between the two brothers! (colloq)

21) (CS) (depender, radicar)

ir en algo — to depend on something

no sé en qué vá — I don't know what it depends on

Sentido V

22)

a) ( deber colocarse) to go

¿dónde van las toallas? — where do the towels go?

qué va! — (fam)

¿has terminado? - qué va! — have you finished? - you must be joking!

¿se disgustó? - qué va! — did she get upset? - not at all!

vamos a perder el avión - qué va! — we're going to miss the plane - nonsense!

b) ( deber escribirse)

¿va con mayúscula? — is it written with a capital letter?

¿va con acento? — does it have an accent?

c) (RPl) ( estar incluido)

todo esto va para el examen — all of this will be included in the exam

23)

a) ( combinar)

ir con algo — to go with something

b) (sentar, convenir) (+ me/te/le etc)

el negro no te va bien — black doesn't suit you

te irá bien un descanso — a rest will do you good

c)

ir en contra de algo — to go against something

24) (Esp arg) ( gustar) (+ me/te/le etc)

esa música no me va — that music does nothing for me o leaves me cold

25) (Méx) (tomar partido por, apoyar)

irle a algo/alguien — to support something/somebody

le va al equipo peruano — he supports the Peruvian team

Sentido VI

26) vamos

a) (expresando incredulidad, fastidio)

vamos! ¿eso quién se lo va a creer? — come off it o come on! who do you think's going to believe that?

b) (intentando tranquilizar, animar, dar prisa)

vamos, mujer, dile algo — go on, say something to him

vamos, date prisa! — come on, hurry up!

dar el vamos a algo — (Chi) to inaugurate something

desde el vamos — (RPl fam) from the word go

c) (al aclarar, resumir)

eso sería un disparate, vamos, digo yo — that would be a stupid thing to do, well, that's what I think anyway

vamos, que no es una persona de fiar — basically, he's not very trustworthy

es mejor que el otro, vamos — it's better than the other one, anyway

27) vaya

a) (expresando sorpresa, contrariedad)

vaya! tú por aquí! — what a surprise! what are you doing here?

vaya! se me ha vuelto a caer! — oh no o (colloq) damn! it's fallen over again!

b) (Esp) ( para enfatizar)

vaya cochazo! — that's some car!

vaya (que) si la conozco! — you bet I know her!

c) (al aclarar, resumir)

vaya, que los hay peores — well, I mean there are plenty worse
2.
ir v aux

Sentido I

1)

ir a + inf —

2)

a) (para expresar tiempo futuro, propósito) to be going to + inf

te vas a caer! — you're going to fall!

voy a estudiar medicina — I'm going to study medicine

va a hacer dos años que... — it's getting on for two years since...

esto no te va a gustar — you're not going to like this

te voy a pegar — I'm going to smack you

b) (en propuestas, sugerencias)

vamos a ver ¿cómo dices que te llamas? — now then, what did you say your name was?

bueno, vamos a trabajar — all right, let's get to work

3)

a) (al prevenir, hacer recomendaciones)

que no se te vaya a caer — make sure you don't drop it

cuidado, no te vayas a caer — mind you don't fall (colloq)

lleva el paraguas, no vaya a ser que llueva — take the umbrella in case it rains

b) ( expresando un deseo)

que te vaya bien! — all the best!

4) ( expresando inevitabilidad)

qué le iba a decir! — what else could I tell her?

¿qué iba a pensar el pobre? — what was the poor man supposed o meant to think?

¿quién iba a ser si no? — who else could it have been?

¿no irá a hacer alguna tontería? — you don't think she'll go and do something stupid, do you?

5) ( expresando incredulidad)

no irás a darle la razón a él! — surely you're not going to say he was right!

6)

a) ( en afirmaciones enfáticas)

¿te acuerdas? - no me voy a acordar! — do you remember - of course I do o how could I forget?

b) ( al contradecir)

¿dormiste bien? - qué voy a dormir! — did you sleep well?- how could I?

cómo iba a saberlo! — how was I supposed to know?

¿por qué la voy a ayudar? — why should I help her?

Sentido II

7) ( expresando un proceso paulatino)

ir + ger: poco a poco irá aprendiendo she'll learn little by little; a medida que va subiendo as it rises; tú puedes ir comiendo you can start eating; ya puedes ir haciéndote a la idea you'd better get used to the idea; la situación ha ido empeorando — the situation has been getting worse and worse
3.
irse v pron

1) ( marcharse) to leave

¿por qué te vas tan temprano? — why are you leaving o going so soon?

vámonos — let's go

bueno, me voy — right then, I'm taking off (AmE) o (BrE) I'm off

no te vayas — don't go

vete a la cama — go to bed

se fue de casa — she left home

vete de aquí — get out of here

se fue de la empresa — she left the company

se han ido de viaje — they're away, they've gone away

anda, vete por ahí — (fam) get lost! (colloq); (+ me/te/le etc)

se nos fué a vivir a Florida — he went (off) to live in Florida

no te me vayas, quiero hablar contigo — (fam) don't run away, I want to talk to you (colloq)

2) (consumirse, gastarse)

cómo se va el dinero! — I don't know where the money goes!; (+ me/te/le etc)

se me va medio sueldo en el alquiler — half my salary goes on the rent

qué rápido se me ha ido la tarde! — hasn't the evening gone quickly?

3) ( desaparecer) mancha/dolor to go

se ha ido la luz — the electricity's gone off; (+ me/te/le etc)

¿se te ha ido el dolor de cabeza? — has your headache gone?

4) (salirse, escaparse) líquido/gas to escape; (+ me/te/le etc)

se le está yendo el aire al globo — the balloon's losing air o going down

5) (euf) ( morirse) to slip away (euph)

6) (caerse, perder el equilibrio) (+ compl)

irse de boca/espaldas — to fall flat on one's face/back

me iba para atrás — I was falling backwards

frenó y nos fuimos todos para adelante — he braked and we all went flying forwards

7) (andarse, actuar) (+ compl)

vete con cuidado/tacto — be careful/tactful

8)

a) (CS) ( en naipes) to go out

b) (RPl) ( en una asignatura) tb

irse a examen — to have to take an exam

9) (Andes, Ven) medias to run

se me fueron las medias — my tights have run

* * *

= attend, go, run, go over, saunter, come, go forth.

Ex: He was awarded the bachelor's degree, magna cum laude, from Harvard University, and he attended Rutgers Library School where he graduated first in his class.

Ex: It was 'exceedingly inconvenient' because the books were entered in it 'where no person who goes to consult the catalogue would expect to find them'.

Ex: Arabic numerals are used to denote further divisions, in an integral manner, running from 1 to 9999, as necessary.

Ex: Compassion shadowed the trustee's face -- she could see he was desperate -- and compassion was in her voice as she answered: 'All right, I'll go over this afternoon'.

Ex: She sauntered back to her desk, intending to work, and was a little perturbed to find that she could not work.

Ex: This article urges children's librarians to attack 'aliteracy' (lack of a desire to read) as well as illiteracy by taking programmes, e.g. story hours, to children who do not come to libraries.

Ex: Finally six men agreed to go forth in their underclothes and nooses around their necks in hopeful expectation that their sacrifice would satisfy the king's bloodlust and he would spare the rest of the citizens.

* algo va mal = something is amiss.

* ¡allá voy! = here I come!.

* a punto de irse a pique = on the rocks.

* cosas + ir bien = things + go well.

* descanso para ir al baño = bathroom break.

* despedirse de Alguien deseándole que todo vaya bien = wish + well.

* donde fueres haz lo que vieres = when in Rome (do as the Romans do).

* el no va más = the be all and end all.

* empezar a ir bien = fall into + place.

* empezar a irse al garete = be on the skids.

* empezar a irse al garete, empezar a empeorar = hit + the skids.

* grupo de usuarios al que va dirigido = target user group.

* ir a = get to, turn to, refer to, be out to, head for, come to, take + a trip to, go to.

* ir a casa de = make + house calls.

* ir acompañado de = come with.

* ir a continuación de = follow in + the footsteps of.

* ir a contra reloj = race against + time, race against + the clock.

* ir a cuestas de = piggyback [piggy-back].

* ir a dar un paseo = go for + a stroll.

* ir a + Infinitivo = be to + Infinitivo.

* ir a jucio = stand + trial, stand for + trial.

* ir a jucio, ser juzgado, ser procesado = stand for + trial.

* ir a la baja = be down.

* ir a la bancarrota = go + belly up.

* ir a la cárcel = serve + time.

* ir a la escuela = go to + school.

* ir a la guerra = go to + war.

* ir a la par = proceed + in parallel.

* ir a la par con = go + hand in hand (with), go + hand in glove with.

* ir a las mil maravillas = go + great guns, go from + strength to strength, grow from + strength to strength, be fine and dandy.

* ir a la zaga = trail, trail behind, lag + behind.

* ir al centro = go + downtown.

* ir al cine = go to + the cinema, movie-going.

* ir al grano = cut to + the chase.

* ir a lo seguro = play it + safe.

* ir al pub = go to + the pub.

* ir al teatro = go to + the theatre, theatre-going.

* ir a + Lugar = trot off + Lugar.

* ir al unísono = be hand in hand.

* ir al unísono con = go + hand in hand (with), go + hand in glove with.

* ir a otro sitio = go + elsewhere.

* ir a pie = leg it.

* ir a por = go for.

* ir a por todas = go for + broke, shoot (for) + the moon.

* ir a tientas y a ciegas = bump around + in the dark, fumble.

* ir a toda velocidad = hurtle.

* ir a un Lugar en coche = drive out to.

* ir aun más lejos = go + a/one step further.

* ir a un Sitio sin prisa = mosey.

* ir a ver = drop in on, check out.

* ir a ver a Alguien = say + hi.

* ir a ver a Alguien a su casa = home-visiting.

* ir bien = go + well, do + well, go + strong.

* ir bien encaminado = be on the right track.

* ir cada vez mejor = go from + strength to strength, grow from + strength to strength, go + great guns.

* ir con = go with, come with.

* ir con la corriente = go with + the flow, go along with + the flow.

* ir con la nueva ola = ride + wave.

* ir con mucho ojo = keep + Posesivo + eyes peeled, keep + Posesivo + eyes skinned, keep + Posesivo + eyes (wide) open.

* ir con retraso con respecto a = lag + behind.

* ir contracorriente = go against + the flow.

* ir corriendo = hot-foot it to.

* ir corriendo a = dash off to, run off to.

* ir cuesta abajo = go + downhill.

* ir de... a... = proceed from... to....

* ir de... a = make + transition from... to..., range from... to..., go from... to..., work from... to, stretch from... to..., ricochet from... to.

* ir de acampada = camp.

* ir de aquí a allá = go out and about.

* ir de aquí para allá = ply, bustle, jump, live out of + a suitcase, run + here and there.

* ir de aquí para allá sin rumbo fijo = freewheel.

* ir de compras = go + shopping.

* ir de copas = go for + a drink.

* ir de + Dirección = work from + Dirección.

* ir de excursión = hike.

* ir de excursión por la montaña = go + tracking.

* ir de la mano = go + hand in hand (with), be hand in hand.

* ir delante = lead + the way.

* ir de mal en peor = go from + bad to worse.

* ir demasiado lejos = overstate + case, go + too far.

* ir de paquete = pillion riding, ride + pillion.

* ir de perlas = come up + a treat, work + a treat, go down + a treat.

* ir de putas = whoring.

* ir descaminado = be on the wrong track, be headed down the wrong track.

* ir de tranqui = play it + cool.

* ir detrás de = chase after, lag + behind.

* ir de un sitio a otro = shunt between.

* ir de un sitio para otro = run around.

* ir de vacaciones = go on + vacation, go on + holidays.

* ir de viaje de novios = honeymoon.

* ir dirigido a = be geared to, target, aim at.

* ir en = ride.

* ir en aumento = be on the increase.

* ir en bici = bike.

* ir en bicicleta = cycle.

* ir encaminado hacia = be on + Posesivo + way to.

* ir en caravana = go in + (a) convoy, drive in + (a) convoy.

* ir en contra de = contravene, fly in + the face of, go against, militate against, stand in + contrast to, tell against, be at odds with, work at + cross purposes, be at cross purposes, turn against, play against, be contrary to, run up against, work against, set against, run + counter to, run + contrary to, be at loggerheads with, argue against, stand in + sharp contrast to, speak against, run + afoul of, fall + afoul of.

* ir en contra de la corriente = go against + the flow.

* ir en contra de la ley = be against the law.

* ir en contra del reloj = race against + time, race against + the clock.

* ir en contra del sentido común = violate + common sense.

* ir en contra del sistema = buck + the system.

* ir en contra del tiempo = race against + time, race against + the clock.

* ir en contra de todos + Posesivo + principios = violate + principle.

* ir en detrimento de los intereses = prejudice + interests.

* ir en el asiento trasero = pillion riding, ride + pillion.

* ir en moto = bike.

* ir en paralelo con = run + parallel to.

* ir entre = go between.

* ir hacia = head for.

* ir hacia atrás = page + backward.

* ir hacia delante = page + forward.

* ir hecho un desastre = look like + drag + through a hedge backwards, look like + the wreck of the Hesperus.

* irle Algo a Alguien = fare.

* irle a Uno = make out.

* ir mal = go + wrong.

* ir mal encaminado = be on the wrong track, be headed down the wrong track.

* ir marcha atrás = back up.

* ir más allá = go + one stage further.

* ir más allá de = go beyond, go + deeper than, transcend, get beyond, go far beyond, move + beyond, take + Nombre + a/one step further/farther, go + past.

* ir más allá de las posibilidades de Alguien = be beyond + Posesivo + capabilities.

* ir más despacio = slow down, slow up.

* ir más lejos = go + one stage further.

* ir montado en + Vehículo = ride + Vehículo.

* ir muy atrasado = be way behind schedule.

* ir muy por detrás de = be far behind.

* ir pegado a = hug.

* ir poco más allá de + Infinitivo = go little further than + Gerundio.

* ir por ahí = go + (a)round, be out and about, get out and about.

* ir por buen camino = be on the right track.

* ir por detrás = be behind, trail, trail behind, lag.

* ir por detrás de = lag + behind.

* ir por el buen camino = be right on track.

* ir por mal camino = be on the wrong track, be headed down the wrong track.

* ir primero = lead + the way.

* ir rápido = fly.

* ir retrasado con el trabajo = be behind in + Posesivo + work.

* ir rumbo a = be on the road to.

* irse = depart, make + departure, quit + Lugar, take + departure, go off, wend + Posesivo + way, leave, go away, take + Posesivo + leave, be gone, head off, walk out, make + a quick getaway.

* irse a casa = go + home.

* irse a freír espárragos = naff off.

* irse a la cama = retire + at night.

* irse a la mierda = naff off.

* irse a la porra = go + pear-shaped, go down + the tube, go down + the drain.

* irse al carajo = go + pear-shaped, go to + shit.

* irse al cuerno = naff off.

* irse al diablo = naff off.

* irse al garete = go + kaput, be kaput, be up the spout.

* irse al traste = come + unstuck, go + kaput, be kaput, go down + the tube, go down + the drain, go to + shit, be up the spout.

* irse al trasto = go + pear-shaped.

* irse a paseo = naff off.

* irse a pique = founder, bite + the dust, give up + the ghost, come + unstuck, go + pear-shaped, go + kaput, be kaput, go + haywire, go down + the tube, go down + the drain, be up the spout.

* irse a tomar por culo = naff off.

* irse corriendo = dash off, shoot off.

* irse de casa = leave + home.

* irse de jarana = paint + the town red, go out on + the town.

* irse de juerga = paint + the town red, go out on + the town.

* irse de la lengua = spill + the beans, shoot + Posesivo + mouth off, let + the cat out of the bag, blow + the gaff.

* irse de marcha = paint + the town red, go out on + the town.

* irse de parranda = paint + the town red, go out on + the town.

* irse de picos pardos = paint + the town red, go out on + the town.

* irse derecho a = make + a beeline for.

* irse de vacaciones = vacation.

* irse enojado dando zapatazos = stomp away.

* irse inadvertidamente = slip away.

* irse la cabeza = go + bananas.

* írsele a Uno Algo de las manos = get out of + hand.

* írsele a Uno el santo al cielo = lose + track of time, it + go + right/straight out of + Posesivo + mind.

* írsele la cabeza = go off + Posesivo + head.

* írsele la mano a Uno = overplay + Posesivo + hand.

* irse para siempre = go + forever.

* irse por las ramas = go off + the track, get off + the track, go off on + another track, fly off on + a tangent, go off on + a tangent, wander off + track, wander off + topic, go off at + a tangent.

* irse por la tangente = wander off + track, wander off + topic, go off on + a tangent, go off at + a tangent, go off + the track, get off + the track, fly off on + a tangent.

* ir sobre ruedas = go off without + a hitch.

* ir sobre seguro = be on secure ground, play it + safe.

* ir tirando = get along + in the world, shuffle along, tick over, muddle along, keep + the wolves from the door.

* ir todavía más lejos = go + a/one step further.

* ir todo bien = be fine.

* ir todo de maravilla = come up + roses.

* ir unido a = go with + the territory (of), come with + the territory (of).

* ir viento en popa = go from + strength to strength, grow from + strength to strength, go + great guns.

* ir volando = hurtle, hot-foot it to.

* ir y venir = come and go.

* ir zumbando = whiz.

* no tener que ir muy lejos = not have to look far.

* no voy a aguantarlo más = not going to take it any more.

* para que vayamos pensando = food for thought.

* partido de ida = away game.

* pendiente de ir a la última moda = fashion-conscious.

* persona que va al cine = moviegoer [movie-goer].

* público al que va dirigido = intended audience, subject audience, target audience, targeted audience.

* que van dirigidos hacia el exterior = outbound.

* quién iba a decir entonces que... = little did + Verbo + then that....

* ser hora de irse = be time to go.

* ser lo que a Uno le va = be (right) up + Posesivo + alley.

* situación + irse de las manos = things + get out of hand.

* si vamos a eso = for that matter.

* todo ir bien = all + be + well with the world.

* va a = gonna [going to].

* vete a la mierda = fuck off.

* véte al carajo = drop dead!.

* véte al cuerno = drop dead!.

* vete a tomar por culo = fuck off.

* ya ir siendo hora de que = be high time (that/to/for), be about time (that).

* * *

ir [ I27 ]

GUIA DE BUSQUEDA

■ ir (verbo intransitivo)

Sentido I

A trasladarse, desplazarse

B expresando propósito

C irle a alguien con algo

D

1 al arrojar algo, arrojarse

2 Juegos

E con comentarios

F estar en juego

G hablando de acciones imprevistas

Sentido II

A ir + complemento

B refiriéndose al atuendo

C en calidad de

D tratar

Sentido III

A llevar a

B extenderse, abarcar

Sentido IV

A marchar, desarrollarse

B en juegos, competiciones

C en el desarrollo de algo

D estar en camino

E sumar, hacer

F haber transcurrido

G haber una diferencia

H depender, radicar

Sentido V

A

1 deber colocarse

2 deber escribirse

3 estar incluido

B

1 combinar

2 sentar, convenir

3 ir en contra de algo

C gustar

D tomar partido por, apoyar

Sentido VI

A

1 expresando incredulidad etc

2 intentando tranquilizar, animar

3 al aclarar, resumir

B

1 expresando sorpresa, contrariedad

2 para enfatizar

3 al aclarar, resumir

■ ir (verbo auxiliar)

Sentido I

A

1 para expresar tiempo futuro

2 expresando intención, propósito

3 en propuestas, sugerencias

B al prevenir, hacer recomendaciones

C expresando inevitabilidad

D expresando incredulidad

E

1 en afirmaciones enfáticas

2 al contradecir

Sentido II expresando un proceso paulatino

■ irse (verbo pronominal)

A marcharse

B consumirse, gastarse

C desaparecer: mancha, dolor

D salirse, escaparse

E morirse

F caerse, perder el equilibrio

G andarse, actuar

H

1 en naipes

2 en una asignatura

I las medias

vi

Sentido I

A (trasladarse, desplazarse) to go

¿vamos en taxi? shall we go by taxi?

iban a caballo/a pie they were on horseback/on foot

ir por mar to go by sea

¡Fernando! — ¡voy! Fernando! — (just) coming! o I'll be right with you! o I'll be with you right away!

es la tercera vez que te llamo — ¡ya va or voy! this is the third time I've called you — alright, alright, I'm (just) coming!

¿quién va? who goes there?

lo oía ir y venir por la habitación I could hear him pacing up and down the room

el ir y venir de la gente por la avenida the to-ing and fro-ing of people along the avenue

el ir y venir de los invitados the coming and going of the guests

no he hecho más que ir y venir de un lado para otro sin conseguir nada I've done nothing but run around without getting anything done

voy al mercado I'm going to the market, I'm off to the market ( colloq)

vamos a casa let's go home

¿adónde va este tren? where's this train going (to)?

¿tú vas a misa? do you go to church?

nunca va a clase he never goes to o attends class

ir de compras/de caza to go shopping/hunting

juerga, etc

ya vamos para allá we're on our way

¿para dónde vas? where are you headed (for)?, where are you heading (for)? ( BrE)

¿por dónde se va a la estación? how do you get to the station?

fuimos por el camino de la costa we went along o took the coastal route

no vayas por ese lado, es más largo don't go that way, it's longer

a eso voy/vamos I'm/we're just coming o getting to that

¿dónde vas/va/van? (frente a una exageración) ( fam): ¿dónde vas con tanto pan? what are you doing with all that bread?

¿dejamos 500 de propina? — ¡dónde vas! con 100 hay de sobra shall we leave 500 as a tip? — you must be joking o kidding! 100 will be more than enough

¡eh, dónde vas! te dije un poquito steady on o easy! I said I wanted a little bit

ir a dar a un lugar: ¿quién sabe dónde fue a dar la pelota? who knows where the ball got to o went?

nos tomamos un tren equivocado y fuimos a dar a Maroñas we took the wrong train and ended up in Maroñas

ir a por algn ( Esp): ha ido a por su madre he's gone to get o fetch his mother, he's gone to pick his mother up

ten cuidado, que va a por ti watch out, he's out to get you o he's after you

el perro fue a por él the dog went for him

ir por or ( Esp) a por algo: voy (a) por pan I'm going to get some bread, I'm off to get some bread ( colloq)

no irla con algo ( RPl fam): no la voy con tanta liberalidad I don't hold with o I don't go along with all this liberalism

no me/le va ni me/le viene ( fam); I'm/he's not in the least bit bothered, I don't/he doesn't mind at all

allí donde fueres haz lo que vieres when in Rome, do as the Romans do

B (expresando propósito) ir A + INF:

¿has ido a verla? have you been to see her?

ve a ayudarla go and help her

fue a ayudarla he went to help her

¿me irías a comprar el pan? would you go and buy the bread for me?

ver tb ir v aux Sense I.

C

irle a algn con algo: no le vayas con tus problemas don't bother him with your problems

a la maestra no le gusta que le vayan con chismes the teacher doesn't like people telling on each other o people coming to her with tales

D

1

(al arrojar algo, arrojarse): tírame la llave — ¡allá va! throw me the key — here it comes o there you go!

tírate del trampolín — bueno ¡allá voy! jump off the board! — here I go/come!

2 ( Juegos):

ahí van otros $2.000 there's another $2,000

¡no va más! no more bets!

ver tb no¹ (↑ no (1))

¡ahí va! ( Esp fam): ¡ahí va! me he olvidado el dinero oh no! I've forgotten the money

David ganó 20 millones en la lotería — ¡ahí va! David won 20 million in the lottery — wow o ( AmE) gee whiz! ( colloq)

E

«comentario»: no iba con mala intención it wasn't meant unkindly, I didn't mean it nastily

ten cuidado con él, que esta vez va en serio be careful, this time he's serious o he means business

ir POR algn:

y eso va por ti también and that goes for you too o and the same goes for you o and I'm referring to you too

F (estar en juego) (+ me/te/le etc):

se puso como si le fuera la vida en ello she acted as if her life depended on it o was at stake

le va el trabajo en esto his job depends on this, his job is on the line

G ( fam)

(hablando de acciones imprevistas, sorprendentes): fue y le dio un puñetazo she went and o she upped and punched him

y la tonta va y se lo cree and like an idiot she believed him, and the idiot went and believed him ( BrE colloq)

fueron y se sentaron justo donde estaba recién pintado they went and sat down right where it had just been painted

Sentido II

A (+ complemento)

(sin énfasis en el movimiento): los caminantes iban cantando por el camino the walkers sang as they went along

¿van cómodos allí atrás? are you comfortable back there?

¿irán bien aquí los vasos? will the glasses be safe here?

ella iba dormida en el asiento de atrás she was asleep in the back seat

por lo menos íbamos sentados at least we were sitting down

el niño iba sentado en el manillar the child was sitting o riding on the handlebars

iba por la calle hablando solo he talked to himself as he walked along the street

vas que pareces un pordiosero you look like some sort of beggar

se notaba que iba con miedo you could see that she was afraid

el tren iba llenísimo the train was packed

déjame que te ayude que vas muy cargada you have a lot to carry, let me help you

el ciclista colombiano va a la cabeza the Colombian cyclist is in the lead

no vayas tan rápido, que te vas a equivocar don't do it o go so fast or you'll make a mistake

hay que ir con los ojos bien abiertos you have to keep your eyes open

va de chasco en chasco he's had one disappointment after another, he seems to lurch from one disappointment to another

B (refiriéndose al atuendo) ir DE algo:

iban de largo they wore long dresses

voy a ir de Drácula I'm going to go as Dracula

iba de verde she was dressed in green, she was wearing green

C (en calidad de) ir DE algo to go (along) AS sth

yo fui de intérprete, porque él no habla inglés I went along as an interpreter, because he doesn't speak English

¿de qué vas, tía? ¿te crees que somos tontos o qué? ( Esp arg); hey, what are you playing at? do you think we're stupid or something?

va de guapo por la vida ( Esp arg); he really thinks he's something special, he really fancies himself ( BrE colloq)

D

( Esp fam) (tratar) ir DE algo: no me voy a presentar al examen, no sé ni de qué va I'm not going to sit the exam, I don't even know what it's on

¿de qué va la novela? what's the novel about?

Sentido III

A «camino» (llevar a) ir A algo; to lead TO sth, to go TO sth

el camino que va a la playa the road that goes down to o leads to the beach

B

(extenderse, abarcar): la autopista va desde Madrid hasta Valencia the highway goes o stretches from Madrid to Valencia

lo que hay que traducir va de la página 82 a la 90 the part to be translated starts on page 82 and ends on page 90, the part to be translated is from page 82 to page 90

el período que va desde la Edad Media hasta el Renacimiento the period from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance

estados de ánimo que van de la excitación desmedida a la abulia moods ranging from over-excitement to complete lethargy

Sentido IV

A

(marchar, desarrollarse): ¿cómo va el nuevo trabajo? how's the new job going?

el negocio va de mal en peor the business is going from bad to worse

¿qué tal va la tesis? how's the thesis coming along o going?

¿cómo va el enfermo? how's the patient doing?

(+ me/te/le etc): ¿cómo te va? how's it going?, how are things? ( colloq), what's up? ( AmE colloq)

¿cómo les fue en Italia? how did you get on in Italy?, how was Italy?

me fue mal en el examen the exam went badly, I did badly in the exam

¡adiós! ¡que te vaya bien! bye! all the best! o take care!

¡que te vaya bien (en) el examen! good luck in the exam, I hope the exam goes well

¿cómo le va con el novio? how's she getting on with her boyfriend?, how are things going between her and her boyfriend?

B

(en juegos, competiciones): ¿cómo van? — 3-1 what's the score? — 3-1

voy ganando yo I'm ahead o I'm winning o I'm in the lead

ya va perdiendo casi $8.000 he's already lost almost $8,000

C (en el desarrollo de algo) ir POR algo:

¿por dónde van en el programa de historia? how far have you got in the history syllabus?, where have you got (up) to in history?

¿todavía vas por la página 20? are you still on page 20?

estoy por terminar, ya voy por las mangas I've nearly finished, I'm just doing the sleeves now

D (estar en camino) ir PARA algo:

¿qué quieres? ¡vamos para viejos! what do you expect? we're getting on! o we're getting old!

ya va para los cincuenta she's going on fifty, she's not far off fifty

ya va para dos años que no lo veo it's getting on for two years since I last saw him

iba para médico he was going to be a doctor

E

(sumar, hacer): ya van tres veces que te lo digo this is the third time I've told you

¿cuántos has leído? — con éste van seis how many have you read? — six, counting this one o six, including this one o this one makes six o this is the sixth one

ya van tres pasteles que se come that makes three cakes he's eaten now

F

(haber transcurrido): en lo que va del or ( Esp) de año/mes so far this year/month

G

(haber una diferencia): de tres a ocho van cinco eight minus three is five

¡lo que va de un hermano a otro! ( fam); it's amazing the difference between the two brothers! ( colloq)

H (CS) (depender, radicar) ir EN algo; to depend ON sth

no sé en qué irá I don't know what it depends on

eso va en gustos that's a question of taste

Sentido V

A

1 (deber colocarse) to go

¿sabes dónde va esta pieza? do you know where this piece goes?

¿dónde van las toallas? where do the towels go?

¡qué va! ( fam): ¿has terminado? — ¡qué va! todavía tengo para rato have you finished? — you must be joking! I still have a while to go yet

¿se disgustó? — ¡qué va! todo lo contrario did she get upset? — not at all! quite the opposite in fact

vamos a perder el avión — ¡qué va! ¡si hay tiempo de sobra! we're going to miss the plane — nonsense! we have more than enough time

2

(deber escribirse): ¿va con mayúscula? is it written with a capital letter?

¿va con acento? does it have an accent?

3

( RPl) (estar incluido): todo esto va para el examen all of this will be included in the exam

B

1 (combinar) ir CON algo to go WITH sth

esos zapatos no van (bien) con esa falda those shoes don't go with that skirt

2 (sentar, convenir) (+ me/te/le etc):

el negro no te va bien black doesn't suit you

te irá bien una semanita de vacaciones a week's vacation will do you good

3

ir en contra de algo to go against sth

esto va en contra de sus principios this goes against her principles

C

( Esp arg) (gustar) (+ me/te/le etc): a mí esa música no me va that music does nothing for me o leaves me cold

marcha f H. (↑ marcha)

D ( Méx) (tomar partido por, apoyar) irle A algo/algn; to support sth/sb

mucha gente le va al equipo peruano a lot of people support o are backing o are rooting for the Peruvian team

Sentido VI vamos

A

1

(expresando incredulidad, fastidio): ¡vamos! ¿eso quién se lo va a creer? come off it o come on! who do you think's going to believe that?

¿cómo que le vas a ganar? ¡vamos! what do you mean you're going to beat him? come off it!

2

(intentando tranquilizar, animar, dar prisa): vamos, mujer, dile algo, no seas vergonzosa go on, say something to him, don't be shy

¡vamos! ¡ánimo, que falta poco! come on! keep going! it's not far now!

¡vamos, date prisa! come on, hurry up!

¡vamos, vamos! ¡circulen! OK o come on, move along now please!

dar el vamos a algo ( Chi); to inaugurate sth

desde el vamos ( RPl fam); from the word go

3

(al aclarar, resumir): eso sería un disparate, vamos, digo yo that would be a stupid thing to do, well, at least that's what I think anyway

podrías haberte disculpado, vamos, no habría sido mucho pedir you could have apologized, I mean that's not much to ask

vamos, que no es una persona de fiar basically, he's not very trustworthy

es mejor que el otro, vamos it's better than the other one, anyway

B vaya

1

(expresando sorpresa, contrariedad): ¡vaya! ¡tú por aquí! what a surprise! what are you doing here?, well! fancy seeing you here! ( BrE)

¡vaya! ¡se ha vuelto a caer! oh no! it's fallen over again!

¡vaya! nos quedamos sin saber cómo termina la película damn! now we won't know how the film ends ( colloq)

2

(para enfatizar): ¡vaya cochazo se ha comprado! that's some car he's bought himself!

¡vaya contigo! ¡no hay manera de hablarte! what on earth's the matter with you? you're so touchy!

¿vaya día! what a day!

¡vaya película me has traído a ver! ( iró); this is a really great movie you've brought me to see ( iro)

¡vaya si le voy a decir lo que pienso! you bet I'm going to tell him what I think!

¡vaya (que) si la conozco! you bet I know her!

3

(al aclarar, resumir): tampoco es tan torpe, vaya, los hay peores he isn't totally stupid, well, I mean there are plenty worse

■

v aux

Sentido I ir A + INF

A

1

(para expresar tiempo futuro): ¡te vas a caer! you're going to fall!

a este paso no van a terminar nunca they'll never finish at this rate

el barco va a zarpar the boat's about to set sail

dijo que lo iba a pensar she said she was going to think it over

ya van a ser las cuatro it's almost o nearly four o'clock

va a hacer dos años que no nos vemos we haven't seen each other for nearly two years, it's getting on for two years since we saw each other

esto no te va a gustar you're not going to like this

no te preocupes, ya se va a solucionar don't worry, it'll sort itself out

tenía miedo de que se fuera a olvidar I was afraid he'd forget

2

(expresando intención, propósito): se lo voy a decir I'm going to tell him

lo voy a conseguir, sea como sea I'll get it one way or another

me voy a tomar unos días libres en abril I'm going to take a few days off in April

vamos a ir a verla esta tarde we're going to go and see her this evening

3

(en propuestas, sugerencias): vamos a ver ¿cómo dices que te llamas? now then, what did you say your name was?

siéntate, vamos a discutir el asunto have a seat and let's discuss the matter

bueno, vamos a trabajar all right, let's get to work

B

(al prevenir, hacer recomendaciones): que no se te vaya a escapar delante de ella make sure you don't blurt it out in front of her

ten cuidado, no te vayas a caer mind you don't fall ( colloq), be careful or you'll fall

lleva el paraguas, no vaya a ser que llueva take the umbrella in case it rains

C

(expresando inevitabilidad): ¡qué voy a hacer! what else can I do?

¡qué le iba a decir! what else could I tell her?

¿qué iba a pensar el pobre hombre? what was the poor man supposed o meant to think?

¿seguro que fue ella? — ¿quién iba a ser si no? are you sure it was her? — who else could it have been?

D

(expresando incredulidad): ¡no irás a darle la razón a él! surely you're not going to say he was right!

está muy deprimida — ¿no irá a hacer alguna tontería? she's really depressed — you don't think she'll go and do something stupid, do you?

E

1

(en afirmaciones enfáticas): ¿te acuerdas de él? — ¡no me voy a acordar! do you remember him — of course I do o how could I forget?

2

(al contradecir): ¿dormiste bien? — ¡qué voy a dormir! did you sleep well?— how could I?

¡cómo iba a saberlo, si nadie me dijo nada! how was I supposed to know? no one told me anything

¿por qué lo voy a ayudar? ¡si él a mí nunca me ayuda! why should I help him? he never helps me!

Sentido II (expresando un proceso paulatino) ir + GER:

poco a poco va a ir aprendiendo she'll learn little by little

a medida que va subiendo el nivel del agua as the water level rises

ha ido cambiando con el tiempo he's changed as time has passed

tú puedes ir pelando las cebollas you could start peeling the onions

ahora les toca a ustedes, vayan preparándose it's your turn now, so start getting ready

como te iba diciendo as I was saying

ya puedes ir haciéndote a la idea you can start o you'd better start getting used to the idea, you'd better get used to the idea

la voz parecía irse alejando cada vez más the voice seemed to grow more and more distant

la situación ha ido empeorando the situation has been getting worse and worse

■ irse

v pron

A

(marcharse): ¿por qué te vas tan temprano? why are you leaving o going so soon?

vámonos, que se hace tarde let's go, it's getting late

bueno, me voy right then, I'm taking off ( AmE) o ( BrE) I'm off

el tren ya se ha ido the train's already gone

se quiere ir a vivir a Escocia she wants to go (off) and live in Scotland

se han ido todos a la plaza everybody's gone down to the square

vete a la cama go to bed

se fue de casa she left home

vete de aquí get out of here

se ha ido de la empresa she's left the company

se han ido de viaje they're away, they've gone away

anda, vete por ahí ( fam); get lost! ( colloq)

(+ me/te/le etc): la mayor se nos ha ido a vivir a Florida our eldest daughter's gone (off) to live in Florida

no te me vayas, quiero hablar contigo ( fam); don't run away, I want to talk to you ( colloq)

B

(consumirse, gastarse): ¡cómo se va el dinero! I don't know where the money goes!, the money just disappears!, we get through money so quickly

(+ me/te/le etc): se me va medio sueldo en el alquiler half my salary goes on the rent

se nos ha ido el día en tonterías we've spent o wasted the whole day messing around

¿te das cuenta de lo rápido que se nos ha ido la tarde? hasn't the evening gone quickly?

C (desaparecer) «mancha/dolor» to go

se ha ido la luz the electricity's gone off

(+ me/te/le etc): no se me va el mareo I'm still feeling queasy

¿se te ha ido el dolor de cabeza? has your headache gone?

D (salirse, escaparse) «líquido/gas» to escape

(+ me/te/le etc): se le está yendo el aire al globo the balloon's losing air o going down

que no se te vaya la leche por el fuego don't let the milk boil over

tápalo para que no se le vaya la fuerza put the top on so that the fizz doesn't go out of it o so that it doesn't lose its fizz

cuando empezó la música se me iban los pies once the music began I couldn't stop my feet tapping o I couldn't keep my feet still

lengua, mano¹ (↑ mano (1))

E ( euf) (morirse) to slip away ( euph)

creo que se nos va I think he's slipping away, I think we're losing him

F (caerse, perder el equilibrio) (+ compl):

irse de boca/espaldas to fall flat on one's face/back

me daba la impresión de que me iba para atrás I felt as if I was falling backwards

frenó y nos fuimos todos para adelante he braked and we all went flying forwards

G (andarse, actuar) (+ compl):

vete con cuidado/tacto be careful/tactful

H

1 (CS) (en naipes) to go out

2

( RPl) (en una asignatura) tb irse a examen to have to take an exam

I ( Col) «medias» to run

* * *

ir ( conjugate ir) verbo intransitivo
1
a) (trasladarse, desplazarse) to go;

◊ ir en taxi to go by taxi;

iban a caballo/a pie they were on horseback/on foot;
ir por mar to go by sea;
¡Fernando! — ¡voy! Fernando! — (just) coming! o I'll be right there!;
el ir y venir de los invitados the coming and going of the guests;
vamos a casa let's go home;
¿adónde va este tren? where's this train going (to)?;
ir de compras/de caza to go shopping/hunting;
ya vamos para allá we're on our way;
¿por dónde se va a …? how do you get to …?;
ir por or (Esp) a por algo/algn to go to get sth/sb;
voy (a) por pan I'm going to get some bread
b) ( asistir) to go to;

◊ voy a clases nocturnas I go to evening classes;

ya va al colegio she's already at school
2 ( expresando propósito) ir a + inf:
◊ ¿has ido a verla? have you been to see her?;

ve a ayudarla go and help her;
ver tb ir v aux 1
3 (al arrojar algo, arrojarse):
◊ tírame la llave — ¡allá va! throw me the key — here you are o there you go!;

tírate del trampolín — ¡allá voy! jump off the board! — here I go/come!
4 [ comentario]:
◊ no iba con mala intención it wasn't meant unkindly;

eso va por ti también that goes for you too, and the same goes for you
1 (+ compl) ( sin énfasis en el movimiento):
◊ iban cantando por el camino they sang as they went along;

¿van cómodos? are you comfortable?;
íbamos sentados we were sitting down;
vas muy cargada you have a lot to carry;
yo iba a la cabeza I was in the lead
2 ( refiriéndose al atuendo):
◊ iban de largo they wore long dresses;

voy a ir de Drácula I'm going to go as Dracula;
iba de verde she was dressed in green
3 ( en calidad de) ir de algo to go (along) as sth;
◊ yo fui de intérprete I went along as interpreter

1 [camino/sendero] ( llevar) ir a algo to lead to sth, to go to sth
2 (extenderse, abarcar):
◊ la autopista va desde Madrid hasta Valencia the highway goes from Madrid to Valencia;

el período que va desde … hasta … the period from … to …
1 (marchar, desarrollarse):
◊ ¿cómo va el nuevo trabajo? how's the new job going?;

va de mal en peor it's going from bad to worse;
¿cómo te va? how's it going?, how are things? (colloq), what's up? (AmE colloq);
¿cómo les fue en Italia? how was Italy?, how did you get on in Italy?;
me fue mal/bien en el examen I did badly/well in the exam;
¡que te vaya bien! all the best!, take care!;
¡que te vaya bien (en) el examen! good luck in the exam
2 ( en competiciones):
◊ ¿cómo van? — 3-1 what's the score? — 3-1;

voy ganando yo I'm ahead, I'm winning
3 ( en el desarrollo de algo):
◊ ¿por dónde van en historia? where have you got (up) to in history?;

¿todavía vas por la página 20? are you still on page 20?
4 ( estar en camino):
◊ ¡vamos para viejos! we're getting on o old!;

va para los cincuenta she's going on fifty;
ya va para dos años que … it's getting on for two years since …
5 (sumar, hacer):
◊ ya van tres veces que te lo digo this is the third time I've told you;

con este van seis six, counting this one
6 ( haber transcurrido): en lo que va del or (Esp) de año/mes so far this year/month
1 ( deber colocarse) to go;
◊ ¿dónde van las toallas? where do the towels go?;

¡qué va! (fam): ¿has terminado? — ¡qué va! have you finished? — you must be joking!;
¿se disgustó? — ¡qué va! did she get upset? — not at all!;
vamos a perder el avión — ¡qué va! we're going to miss the plane — no way!
2
a) ( combinar) ir con algo to go with sth

b) (sentar bien, convenir) (+ me/te/le etc):

◊ el negro no te va bien black doesn't suit you;

te irá bien un descanso a rest will do you good
3 (Méx) (tomar partido por, apoyar) irle a algo/algn to support sth/sb;
◊ le va al equipo peruano he supports the Peruvian team

1
◊ vamos

a) (expresando incredulidad, fastidio):

◊ ¡vamos! ¿eso quién se lo va a creer? come off it o come on! who do you think's going to believe that?

b) (intentando tranquilizar, animar, dar prisa):

◊ vamos, mujer, dile algo go on, say something to him;

¡vamos, date prisa! come on, hurry up!
c) (al aclarar, resumir):

◊ eso sería un disparate, vamos, digo yo that would be a stupid thing to do, well, that's what I think anyway;

vamos, que no es una persona de fiar basically, he's not very trustworthy;
es mejor que el otro, vamos it's better than the other one, anyway
2
◊ vaya

a) (expresando sorpresa, contrariedad):

◊ ¡vaya! ¡tú por aquí! what a surprise! what are you doing here?;

¡vaya! ¡se ha vuelto a caer! oh no o (colloq) damn! it's fallen over again!
b) (Esp) ( para enfatizar):

◊ ¡vaya cochazo! what a car!

ir v aux ir a + inf:
1
a) (para expresar tiempo futuro, propósito) to be going to + inf;

◊ voy a estudiar medicina I'm going to study medicine;

va a hacer dos años que … it's getting on for two years since …
b) (en propuestas, sugerencias):

◊ vamos a ver ¿cómo dices que te llamas? now then, what did you say your name was?;

bueno, vamos a trabajar all right, let's get to work
2 (al prevenir, hacer recomendaciones):
◊ que no se te vaya a caer make sure you don't drop it;

cuidado, no te vayas a caer mind you don't fall (colloq);
lleva el paraguas, no vaya a ser que llueva take the umbrella, in case it rains
3 ( expresando un proceso paulatino):
◊ poco a poco irá aprendiendo she'll learn little by little;

ya puedes ir haciéndote a la idea you'd better get used to the idea;
la situación ha ido empeorando the situation has been getting worse and worse
irse verbo pronominal
1 ( marcharse) to leave;
◊ ¿por qué te vas tan temprano? why are you leaving o going so soon?;

vámonos let's go;
bueno, me voy right then, I'm taking off (AmE) o (BrE) I'm off;
no te vayas don't go;
vete a la cama go to bed;
se fue de casa/de la empresa she left home/the company;
vete de aquí get out of here;
se han ido de viaje they're away, they've gone away
2 (consumirse, gastarse):
◊ ¡cómo se va el dinero! I don't know where the money goes!;

se me va medio sueldo en el alquiler half my salary goes on the rent
3 ( desaparecer) [mancha/dolor] to go;
◊ se ha ido la luz the electricity's gone off;

(+ me/te/le etc)
◊ ¿se te ha ido el dolor de cabeza? has your headache gone?

4 (salirse, escaparse) [líquido/gas] to escape;
◊ se le está yendo el aire al globo the balloon's losing air o going down

5 (caerse, perder el equilibrio) (+ compl):
◊ irse de boca/espaldas to fall flat on one's face/back;

me iba para atrás I was falling backwards;
frenó y nos fuimos todos para adelante he braked and we all went flying forwards
ir
I verbo intransitivo
1 (dirigirse a un lugar) to go: ¡vamos!, let's go!
voy a París, I'm going to Paris ➣ Ver nota en go
2 (acudir regularmente) to go: va al colegio, he goes to school
van a misa, they go to church
3 (conducir a) to lead, go to: el sendero va a la mina, the path goes to the mine
esta carretera va a Londres, this road leads to London
4 (abarcar) to cover: la finca va desde la alambrada al camino, the estate extends from the wire fence to the path
las lecciones que van desde la página 1 a la 53, the lessons on pages 1 to 53
5 (guardarse habitualmente) va al lado de éste, it goes beside this one
6 (mantener una posición) to be: va el primero, he's in first place
7 (tener un estado de ánimo, una apariencia) to be: iba furioso/radiante, he was furious/radiant
vas muy guapa, you look very smart o pretty
8 (desenvolverse) ¿cómo te va?, how are things? o how are you doing?
¿cómo te va en el nuevo trabajo?, how are you getting on in your new job?
9 (funcionar) to work (properly): el reloj no va, the clock doesn't go o work
10 (sentar bien) to suit: ese corte de pelo no te va nada, that haircut doesn't suit you at all
11 (combinar) to match, go: el rojo no va con el celeste, red doesn't go with pale blue
12 (vestir) to wear
ir con abrigo, to wear a coat
ir de negro/de uniforme, to be dressed in black/in uniform
la niña irá de enfermera, the little girl will dress up as a nurse
13 fam (importar, concernir) to concern: eso va por ti también, and the same goes for you
ni me va ni me viene, I don't care one way or the other
14 (apostar) to bet: va un café a que no viene, I bet a coffee that he won't come
15 (ir + de) fam (comportarse de cierto modo) to act
ir de listo por la vida, to be a smart ass
(tratar) to be about: ¿de qué va la película?, what's the film about?
16 (ir + detrás de) to be looking for: hace tiempo que voy detrás de un facsímil de esa edición, I've been after a facsimile of that edition for a long time
17 (ir + por) ir por la derecha, to keep (to the) right
(ir a buscar) ve por agua, go and fetch some water
(haber llegado) voy por la página noventa, I've got as far as page ninety
18 (ir + para) (tener casi, estar cercano a) va para los cuarenta, she's getting on for forty
ya voy para viejo, I'm getting old
(encaminarse a) iba para ingeniero, she was studying to be an engineer
este niño va para médico, this boy's going to become a doctor
II verbo auxiliar
1 (ir + gerundio) va mejorando, he's improving
ir caminando, to go on foot
2 (ir + pp) ya van estrenadas tres películas de Almodóvar, three films by Almodovar have already been released
3 ( ir a + infinitivo) iba a decir que, I was going to say that
va a esquiar, she goes skiing
va a nevar, it's going to snow
vas a caerte, you'll fall
♦ Locuciones: a eso iba, I was coming to that
¡ahí va!, catch!
en lo que va de año, so far this year
¡qué va!, of course not! o nothing of the sort!
¡vamos a ver!, let's see!
van a lo suyo, they look after their own interests
¡vaya!, fancy that
¡vaya cochazo!, what a car!
ir a parar, to end up
'ir' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
A
- acudir
- andurriales
- ánimo
- antojarse
- avión
- avivar
- bajar
- bordear
- brazo
- busca
- caer
- calcular
- camino
- caza
- cien
- cine
- coche
- compra
- comprensible
- convenir
- correr
- corriente
- danzar
- deformación
- deriva
- descaminada
- descaminado
- descender
- desgracia
- deteriorarse
- disposición
- empecinada
- empecinado
- encaminada
- encaminado
- entrar
- excursión
- flojear
- funesta
- funesto
- gaita
- gatas
- grano
- gratis
- gustar
- haber
- huevo
- idea
- ilusión
English:
afford
- after
- ahead
- appealing
- back
- back up
- be
- beeline
- bluster
- bristle
- camping
- canter
- career
- catch
- charge off
- chase
- check off
- clean up after
- cling
- coast
- collapse
- come
- come to
- commute
- consider
- court
- cross
- cross-country
- crowd
- cycle
- cycling
- defensive
- delay
- dentist
- deserve
- detest
- die off
- dismiss
- do
- down
- downhill
- drag
- drift
- ease off
- ease up
- either
- even
- excursion
- exercise
- face

* * *

ir

♦ vi

1. [desplazarse, dirigirse, acudir] to go;

fuimos a caballo we went on horseback, we rode there;

iremos andando we'll go on foot, we'll walk there;

ir en autobús to go by bus, to take the bus;

ir en automóvil to go by car, to drive;

ir en taxi to go by taxi, to catch o take a taxi;

ir en barco to go by boat;

ir en avión to go by plane, to fly;

ir por carretera/mar to go by road/sea;

ir a casa/a la iglesia/al cine to go home/to church/to the cinema;

ir a la escuela/al trabajo to go to school/work;

los niños no tienen que ir a clase hoy children don't have to go to school today;

me voy a clase, nos veremos luego I'm going to my lecture, see you later;

ir de compras/de pesca to go shopping/fishing;

ir de vacaciones to go on Br holiday o US vacation;

ir hacia el sur/norte to go south/north;

¿adónde va este autocar? where's this coach going?;

este tren va a o [m5] para Guadalajara this train is going to Guadalajara, this is the Guadalajara train;

todas las mañanas voy de la estación a o [m5] hasta la fábrica every morning I go from the station to the factory;

¿para dónde vas? where are you heading (for)?;

ahora mismo voy para allá I'm on my way there right now;

¿por dónde o [m5] cómo se va a la playa? how do you get to the beach from here?, could you tell me the way to the beach?;

no vayas por ahí que hay mucho barro don't go that way, it's muddy;

¿eres alumno oficial? – no, sólo voy de oyente are you an official student? – no, I'm just sitting in on classes;

fue a la zona como emisario de la ONU he travelled to the area on behalf of the UN;

¡ahí o [m5] allá va! [al lanzar una cosa] there you go;

ahí va el informe que me pediste here's the report you asked for;

¡allá voy! [al lanzarse uno mismo] here goes!, here we go!;
Anticuado
¿quién va? who goes there?;

¡Sergio, te llaman por teléfono! – ¡voy! Sergio, there's a phone call for you! – (I'm) coming!;

¡ya voy!, ¡ya va! [cuando llaman a la puerta] (I'm) coming!;

ir a alguien con algo [contar] to go to sb with sth;

todos le van con sus problemas everyone goes to her with their problems;

el autocar se salió de la calzada y fue a dar o [m5] a parar a un lago the coach came off the road and ended up in a lake;

estuvimos de paseo y fuimos a dar a una bonita plaza we were out walking when we came across a beautiful square;
Fam Fig
¿dónde vas con tantos aperitivos? luego no podremos con la comida steady on with the snacks or we won't be able to manage our dinner!;
Fam Fig
les habrá costado unas 100.000 – ¡dónde vas! mucho menos, hombre it must have cost them about 100,000 – what are you talking about, it was much less!;

Prov

(allá) donde fueres haz lo que vieres when in Rome, do as the Romans do

2. [conducir] [camino, calle, carretera] to lead, to go;

esta es la calle que va al museo this is the road (that leads o goes) to the museum;

esta calle va a dar al puerto this road leads to the harbour;

el camino va desde el pueblo hasta la cima de la montaña the path leads o goes from the village to the top of the mountain

3. [abarcar]
la zona de fumadores va del asiento 24 al 28 the smoking area is between seats 24 and 28;

el examen de arte va desde el Barroco hasta el Romanticismo the art exam will cover the Baroque period to the Romantic period;

la mancha iba de un lado a otro del techo the stain stretched from one side of the ceiling to the other;

las películas seleccionadas van desde la comedia urbana hasta el clásico western the films that have been selected range from urban comedies to classic westerns

4. Esp [buscar]
ir (a) por algo/alguien to go and get sth/sb, to go and fetch sth/sb;

fui (a) por él al aeropuerto I went to meet him at the airport, I went to pick him up from the airport;

ha ido (a) por leche a la tienda she's gone to the shop to get o for some milk;

el perro fue a por él the dog went for him;

tendrás que esconderte porque van a por ti you'll have to hide because they're (coming) after you;

a eso voy/iba [al relatar] I am/was just getting to that

5. [expresa estado, situación, posición]
fue muy callada todo el camino she was very quiet throughout the journey;

con esta bufanda irás calentito this scarf will keep you warm;

el precio va impreso en la contraportada the price is printed on the back cover;

la manivela va floja the crank is loose;

iba tiritando de frío she was shivering with cold;

ir a lo suyo to look out for oneself, to look after number one;

iba en el tren pensando en sus cosas she was travelling on the train lost in thought;

los niños iban armando jaleo en el asiento de atrás the children were kicking up a row in the back seat;

ve con cuidado, es un barrio peligroso be careful, it's a dangerous area;

tu caballo va tercero/en cabeza your horse is third/in the lead

6. [expresa apoyo o rechazo]
ir con to support;

voy con el Real Madrid I support Real Madrid;

ir contra algo, ir en contra de algo to be opposed to sth, to be against sth;

ir en contra de la violencia to be opposed to violence, to be against violence;

esta ley va contra la Constitución this act goes against o contravenes the Constitution;

ir en beneficio de alguien to be to sb's benefit, to be in sb's interest;

ir en perjuicio de alguien to be detrimental to o against sb's interests

7. [vestir]
ir con/en to wear;

iba en camisa y corbata he was wearing a shirt and tie;

aquí la gente va con o [m5] en bañador a todas partes people here go around in their swimsuits;

ir de azul to be dressed in blue;

ir de uniforme to be in uniform;

iré (disfrazado) de Superman a la fiesta I'm going to the party (dressed up) as Superman;

iba hecho un pordiosero he looked like a beggar

8. [marchar, evolucionar] to go;

le va bien en su nuevo trabajo things are going well for him in his new job;

el niño va muy bien en la escuela the child's doing very well at school;

¿cómo va el negocio? how's business?;

su negocio va mal, el negocio le va mal his business is going badly;

¿cómo te va? how are you doing?;

¿cómo te va en la universidad? how's university?, how are you getting on at university?;

¿cómo van? [en partido] what's the score?;
[en carrera, juego] who's winning?;
van empate a cero it's Br nil-nil o US zero-zero;

vamos perdiendo we're losing;

¿qué tal te va con tus nuevos alumnos? how are you getting on with your new pupils?;

¿qué tal va esa paella? how's that paella coming along?;

¡hasta pronto! ¡que te vaya bien! see you later, take care!;

¡que te vaya muy bien con el nuevo empleo! I hope things go well for you in your new job!, the best of luck with your new job!

9. [cambiar, encaminarse]
ir a mejor/peor to get better/worse;

el partido fue a más en la segunda parte the game improved o got better in the second half;

como sigamos así, vamos a la ruina if we carry on like this we'll be heading for disaster;

voy para viejo I'm getting old;

esta chica va para cantante this girl has all the makings of a singer;

va para un mes que no llueve it's getting on for o almost a month now since it last rained

10. [alcanzar]
va por el cuarto vaso de vino he's already on his fourth glass of wine;

vamos por la mitad de la asignatura we've covered about half the subject;

¿por qué parte de la novela vas? which bit in the novel are you at?;

aún voy por el primer capítulo I'm still on the first chapter

11. [expresa cantidades, diferencias]
con éste van cinco ministros destituidos por el escándalo that makes five ministers who have now lost their job as a result of the scandal;

ya van dos veces que me tuerzo el tobillo that's the second time I've twisted my ankle;

van varios días que no lo veo it's several days since I (last) saw him;

en lo que va del o Esp [m5] de mes he ido tres veces al médico so far this month I've been to the doctor three times, I've already been to the doctor three times this month;

de dos a cinco van tres the difference between two and five is three;

va mucho de un apartamento a una casa there's a big difference between Br a flat o US an apartment and a house

12. [corresponder] to go;

estas tazas van con estos platos these cups go with these saucers;

¿con qué clase de tornillos va esta tuerca? what sort of screw does this nut take?

13. [colocarse] to go, to belong;

esto no va ahí that doesn't go o belong there;

¿en qué cajón van los calcetines? which drawer do the socks go in?

14. [escribirse]
“Edimburgo” va con “m” “Edimburgo” is written o spelt with an “m”;

toda la oración va entre paréntesis the whole sentence goes in brackets;

el “solo” adjetivo no va con acento “solo” doesn't have an accent when used as an adjective

15. [sentar] [ropa]
irle (bien) a alguien to suit sb;

¡qué bien te van los abrigos largos! long coats really suit you!;

ir con algo to go with sth;

esta camisa no va con esa falda this shirt doesn't go with this skirt

16. [sentar] [vacaciones, tratamiento]
irle bien a alguien to do sb good;

esa infusión me ha ido muy bien that herbal tea did me a lot of good

17. [funcionar] to work;

la televisión no va the television isn't working;

una radio que va a o [m5] con pilas a radio that uses batteries, a battery-powered radio;

estas impresoras antiguas van muy lentas these old printers are very slow

18. [depender]
en aquel negocio le iba su futuro como director de la empresa his future as manager of the company depended on that deal;

todos corrieron como si les fuera la vida en ello everyone ran as if their life depended on it;

esto de la ropa va en gustos clothes are a matter of taste;
CSur
¿es fácil aprobar? – va en el profesor is it easy to pass? – it depends on the teacher

19. [comentario, indirecta]
ir con o [m5] por alguien to be meant for sb, to be aimed at sb;

y eso va por ti también and that goes for you too;

hizo como si no fuera con él he acted as if he didn't realize she was referring to him;

lo que digo va por todos what I'm saying applies to o goes for all of you;

va o [m5]voy en serio, no me gustan estas bromas I'm serious, I don't like this sort of joke

20. Esp Fam [gustar]
no me va el pop I'm not a big fan of pop music;

a mí lo que me va es la cocina I'm really into cooking;

ni me va ni me viene I don't care one way or the other

21. Fam [costar]
ir a to be, to cost;

¿a cómo o [m5] cuánto va el kilo de tomates? how much is a kilo of tomatoes?

22. Esp Fam [tratar] [conferencia, película, novela]
ir de to be about;

¿de qué va “1984”? what's “1984” about?

23. Fam Esp
ir de, RP [m5] irla de [dárselas] [persona] to think oneself;
Esp
va de inteligente, RP [m5] la va de inteligente he thinks he's clever;
Esp
¿de qué vas?, RP [m5]¿de qué la vas? just who do you think you are?

24. Fam [apostarse]
¿va una cerveza a que llevo razón? I bet you a beer I'm right

25. [en frases] Fam
fue y dijo que… he went and said that…;

y de repente va y se echa a reír and suddenly she just goes and bursts out laughing;
Fam
fue y se marchó sin mediar palabra she upped and went without a word;
Fam
¡ahí va! ¡qué paisaje tan bonito! wow, what beautiful scenery!;
Fam
¡ahí va! me he dejado el paraguas en casa oh no, I've left my umbrella at home!;

¡qué va! [por supuesto que no] not in the least!, not at all!;
[me temo que no] I'm afraid not; [no digas tonterías] don't be ridiculous!;
¡no va más! [en el casino] no more bets!;

Comp
Esp
ser el no va más to be the ultimate;

este gimnasio es el no va más this gym is the ultimate;

Comp
RP Fam
desde el vamos [desde el principio] from the word go;

me cayó mal desde el vamos I didn't like him from the word go;

Comp
Fam
¡dónde va a parar! there's no comparison!;

Comp

sin ir más lejos: tu madre, sin ir más lejos we need look no further than your mother;

sin ir más lejos, nos vimos ayer we saw each other only yesterday

♦ v aux

1. [con gerundio] [expresa acción lenta o gradual]
ir haciendo algo to be (gradually) doing sth;

va anocheciendo it's getting dark;

me voy haciendo viejo I'm getting old;

voy mejorando mi estilo I'm gradually improving my style;

su cine ha ido mejorando últimamente her movies o Br films have been getting better recently;

fui metiendo las cajas en el almacén I began putting the crates in the warehouse;

iremos aprendiendo de nuestros errores we'll learn from our mistakes;

ve deshaciendo las maletas mientras preparo la cena you can be unpacking the suitcases while I get dinner;

vete haciéndote a la idea you'd better start getting used to the idea;

como iba diciendo… as I was saying…

2. [con a + infinitivo] [expresa acción próxima, intención, situación futura]
ir a hacer algo to be going to do sth;

voy a hacerle una visita [ahora mismo] I'm about to go and visit him;
[en un futuro próximo] I'm going to visit him;
iré a echarte una mano en cuanto pueda I'll come along and give you a hand as soon as I can;

¡vamos a comer, tengo hambre! let's have lunch, I'm hungry!;

el tren con destino a Buenos Aires va a efectuar su salida en el andén 3 the train for Buenos Aires is about to depart from platform 3;

van a dar las dos it is nearly two o'clock;

va a hacer una semana que se fue it's coming up to o nearly a week since she left;

voy a decírselo a tu padre I'm going to tell your father;

¿no irás a salir así a la calle? surely you're not going to go out like that?;

he ido a comprar pero ya habían cerrado I had intended to go shopping, but they were shut;

te voy a echar de menos I'm going to miss you;

vas a hacerte daño como no tengas cuidado you'll hurt yourself if you're not careful;

todo va a arreglarse, ya verás it'll all sort itself out, you'll see;

¿qué van a pensar los vecinos? what will the neighbours think?;

no le quise decir nada, no fuera a enfadarse conmigo I didn't want to say anything in case she got angry with me

3. [con a + infinitivo] [en exclamaciones que expresan consecuencia lógica, negación]
¿qué voy a pensar si llevas tres días fuera de casa? what do you expect me to think if you don't come home for three days?;

¿la del sombrero es tu hermana? – ¿quién va a ser? ¡pues claro! is the woman with the hat your sister? – of course she is, who else could she be?;

y ¿dónde fuiste? – ¿dónde iba a ir? ¡a la policía! and where did you go? – where do you think? to the police, of course!;

¡cómo voy a concentrarme con tanto ruido! how am I supposed to concentrate with all that noise?;

¡cómo voy a pagarte si estoy sin dinero! how do you expect me to pay you if I haven't got any money?;

¡cómo no me voy a reír con las cosas que dices! how can I fail to laugh o how can you expect me not to laugh when you say things like that!;

¿te ha gustado? – ¡qué me va a gustar! did you like it? – like it? you must be joking!

♦ vt
Méx
irle a to support;

le va al Nexaca he supports Nexaca

♦ See also the pronominal verb irse

* * *

ir

<part ido>

I v/i

1 go (a to);

ir a pie walk, go on foot;

ir en avión fly;

ir en coche/en tren go by car/train;

ir a por algo go and fetch sth;

¡ya voy! I’m coming!;

¿quién va? who goes there?

2 ( vestir)

:

iba de amarillo/de uniforme she was wearing yellow/a uniform

3

:

van dos a dos DEP the score is two all

4 ( tratar)

:

¿de qué va la película? what’s the movie about?;

el libro va de vampiros the book’s about vampires

5 ( agradar)

:

el clima no me va the climate doesn’t suit me, I don’t like the climate;

ella no me va she’s not my kind of person;

no me va ni me viene I’m not bothered, I don’t care one way or the other

6 ( marchar, evolucionar) go;

ir bien/mal go well/badly

7 ( abarcar)

:

va de la página 12 a la 16 it goes from page 12 to page 16

8

:

¡qué va! you must be joking!;

¡vamos! come on!;

¡vaya! well!;

¿ha dicho eso? – ¡vamos! he said that? – no way!;

¡vaya una sorpresa! irón what a surprise!;

a eso voy I’m just getting to that;

eso va por ti también that goes for you too

II v/aux

1 con referencia al futuro

:

va a llover it’s going to rain;

va para abogado he’s going to be a lawyer

2 expresando proceso

:

ya voy comprendiendo I’m beginning to understand;

ir para viejo be getting old;

ya va anocheciendo it’s getting dark

3 con referencia al pasado

:

ya va para dos años it’s been almost two years now;

van tirados 3.000 3,000 have been printed

* * *

ir {43} vi

1) : to go

ir a pie: to go on foot, to walk

ir a caballo: to ride horseback

ir a casa: to go home

2) : to lead, to extend, to stretch

el camino va de Cali a Bogotá: the road goes from Cali to Bogotá

3) funcionar: to work, to function

esta computadora ya no va: this computer doesn't work anymore

4) : to get on, to get along

¿cómo te va?: how are you?, how's it going?

el negocio no va bien: the business isn't doing well

5) : to suit

ese vestido te va bien: that dress really suits you

6)

ir con : to be

ir con prisa: to be in a hurry

7)

ir por : to follow, to go along

fueron por la costa: they followed the shoreline

8)

dejarse ir : to let oneself go

9)

ir a parar : to end up

10)

vamos a ver : let's see

ir v aux

1) (with present participle)

ir caminando: to walk

¡voy corriendo!: I'll be right there!

2)

ir a : to be going to

voy a hacerlo: I'm going to do it

el avión va a despegar: the plane is about to take off

♦ See also the reflexive verb irse

* * *

ir vb

1. (en general) to go [pt. went; pp. gone]

¿adónde vas? where are you going?

fuimos a Madrid en tren we went to Madrid by train

no puedo ir a la fiesta I can't go to the party

ha ido a recoger a su hermano she's gone to pick her brother up

2. (marchar) to be / to get on / to go

¿cómo te va? how are you? / how's it going? / how are things?

¿cómo te va en el nuevo trabajo? how are you getting on in your new job?

¿cómo te fue en el examen? how did your exam go? / how did you get on in your exam?

3. (estar) to be

iba de broma I was joking

va en serio he's serious

mi reloj va atrasado my watch is slow

vas demasiado elegante you're too dressed up

4. (sentar bien) to suit

ese peinado te va muy bien that hairstyle really suits you

5. (gustar) to like / to be into

no me va la música rap I don't like rap music

6. (convenir) to do

te irá bien descansar un poco it'll do you good to get some rest

7. (funcionar) to work

el ascensor no va the lift's not working

ir + a + infinitivo to be going to do something

voy a decírselo I'm going to tell him

te iba a llamar I was going to phone you

ir + gerundio

vas mejorando you're getting better

va anocheciendo it's getting dark

¡vamos caminando! let's walk!

fuimos corriendo we ran

a ti ni te va ni te viene that's nothing to do with you

¿cómo van? (en un partido) what's the score?

ir a parar to end up

fue a parar a la cárcel he ended up in prison

ir con to go with / to match

esa blusa no va con ese pantalón that blouse doesn't go with those trousers

ir de (persona) to wear [pt. wore; pp. worn] (libro, película) to be about

va de uniforme he's wearing a uniform

la que va de negro the one in black

¿de qué va la película? what's the film about?

ir por to go and get

voy por el coche I'm going to get the car

ve por los niños go and get the children

ir tirando to get by / to manage

vamos tirando we get by / we're managing

¡qué va! no way! / not at all!

¡vamos a...! let's...!

¡vamos a bailar! let's dance!

¡vaya! well!

¡ya voy! I'm coming!

Spanish-English dictionary > ir
6 sacar

v.

1 to take out.

sacar algo de to take something out of

sacó la mano/la cabeza por la ventanilla he stuck his hand/head out of the window

nos sacaron algo de comer they gave us something to eat

Ellos sacaron a los perros They took out the dogs.

2 to remove.

el dentista me sacó una muela I had a tooth out at the dentist's

3 to get (obtener) (carné, entradas, buenas notas).

¿qué sacaste en el examen de inglés? what did you get for o in your English exam?

sacar dinero del banco to get o take some money out of the bank

la sidra se saca de las manzanas cider is made from apples

¿y qué sacamos con reñirle? what do we gain by telling him off?, what's the point in telling him off?

Ella saca provecho She gets benefits.

4 to take (realizar) (foto).

siempre me sacan fatal en las fotos I always look terrible in photos

5 to bring out (al mercado) (nuevo producto, modelo).

6 to work out, to do.

sacar la cuenta/la solución to work out the total/the answer

sacar una conclusión to come to a conclusion

7 to gather, to understand.

lo leí tres veces, pero no saqué nada en claro o limpio I read it three times, but I couldn't make much sense of it

8 to let out (item of clothing) (de ancho). (peninsular Spanish)

9 to take off. ( Latin American Spanish)

sácale la ropa al niño get the child undressed

10 to throw in (sport) (con la mano).

11 to put the ball into play (sport).

sacar de banda/de esquina/de puerta to take a throw-in/corner/goal kick

12 to stick out, to put out one's, to put out, to show.

María saca la lengua Mary sticks out her tongue.

13 to serve the ball.

Ricardo saca Richard serves the ball.

14 to be obtained from.

Se te saca información Information is obtained from you.

15 to be extracted from, to be removed from.

Se me sacó una muela A molar was extracted from me.

* * *

SACAR

CONJUGACIÓN

(c changes to qu before e)

Past Indicative

saqué, sacaste, sacó, sacamos, sacasteis, sacaron.

Present Subjunctive

saque, saques, saque, saquemos, saquéis, saquen.

Imperative

saca (tú), saque (él/Vd.), saquemos (nos.), sacad (vos.), saquen (ellos/Vds.).

* * *

verb

1) to take out

2) get, obtain

3) get out

4) produce, invent

5) introduce

6) take (a photo)

7) release (a book, a disc, a film)

8) make (a copy)

9) stick out (one's tongue)

* * *
Para las expresiones sacar adelante, sacar brillo, sacar algo en claro, sacar los colores a algn, sacar faltas a algo, sacar algo en limpio, sacar provecho, sacar a relucir, ver la otra entrada.
1. VERBO TRANSITIVO

1) (=poner fuera) to take out, get out

sacó el revólver y disparó — he drew his revolver and fired, he took {o} got his revolver out and fired

he sacado las toallas al sol — I've put the towels out to dry in the sun

saca la basura, por favor — please put {o} take the rubbish out

sacaron a los rehenes por la ventana — they got the hostages out through the window

• sacar a algn a [bailar] — to get sb up for a dance

• sacar algo/a algn [de], sacó toda su ropa del armario — she took all his clothes out of the wardrobe, she removed all his clothes from the wardrobe

sacó el regalo del paquete — he removed the present from its wrapping

voy a sacar dinero del cajero — I'm going to take {o} get some money out of the machine

quiero sacar un libro de la biblioteca — I want to get a book out of the library

¡sacadme de aquí! — get me out of here!

nunca saca a su mujer de casa — he never takes his wife out

mañana sacan a dos terroristas de cárcel — tomorrow two terrorists will be released from jail

• sacar a [pasear] a algn — to take sb (out) for a walk

saqué al perro a pasear — I took the dog (out) for a walk

- sacar a algn de sí

2) [de una persona] [+ diente] to take out

me han sacado una muela — I've had a tooth (taken) out

¡deja ese palo, que me vas a sacar un ojo! — stop playing with that stick, you're going to poke my eye out!

• sacar [sangre] a algn — to take blood from sb

3) [con partes del cuerpo] to stick out

saca la lengua — stick your tongue out

sacar la lengua a alguien — to stick one's tongue out at sb

sacar la barbilla — to stick one's chin out

saca la mano si vas a aparcar — stick your hand out if you're going to park
pecho I, 1)
4) (=obtener)

a) [+ notas, diputados] to get

siempre saca buenas notas — he always gets good marks

han sacado 35 diputados — they have had 35 members (elected)

¿y tú qué sacas con denunciarlo a la policía? — and what do you get out of {o} gain from reporting him to the police?

no consiguió sacar todos los exámenes en junio Esp — she didn't manage to pass {o} get all her exams in June

sacó un seis — [con dados] he threw a six

b) [+ dinero]

lo hago para sacar unos euros — I do it to earn {o} make a bit of money

sacó el premio gordo — he got {o} won the jackpot

sacamos una ganancia de... — we made a profit of...

c) [+ puesto] to get

sacó la plaza de enfermera — she got the nursing post

d) [+ información] to get

los datos están sacados de dos libros — the statistics are taken {o} come from two books

¿de dónde has sacado esa idea? — where did you get that idea?

¿de dónde has sacado esa chica tan guapa? — where did you get {o} find such a beautiful girlfriend?

e)

sacar algo de — [+ fruto, material] to extract sth from

sacan aceite de las almendras — they extract oil from the almonds

han sacado petróleo del desierto del Sáhara — they have extracted oil from the Sahara desert

f)

sacar algo a algn — to get sth out of sb

no conseguirán sacarle nada — they won't get anything out of him

le sacaron millones a base de chantajes — they got millions out of him by blackmailing him

le sacaron toda la información que necesitaban — they got all the information they needed from {o} out of him

g) [+ conclusión] to draw

¿qué conclusión se puede sacar de todo esto? — what can be concluded from all of this?, what conclusion can be drawn from all of this?

lo que se saca de todo esto es que... — the conclusion to be drawn from all this is that...

h) [+ característica]

ha sacado el pelo rubio de su abuela — she gets her blonde hair from her grandmother

5) (=comprar) [+ entradas] to get

yo sacaré los billetes — I'll get the tickets

6) (=lanzar) [+ modelo nuevo] to bring out; [+ libro] to bring out, publish; [+ disco] to release; [+ moda] to create

han sacado sus nuevos productos al mercado — they have brought out their new product range

ya han sacado las nuevas monedas de dos euros — the new two-euro coins are out

7) (=hacer) [+ foto] to take; [+ copia] to make

te voy a sacar una foto — I'm going to take a photo of you

esta cámara saca buenas fotos — this camera takes good photos

8) (=resolver)

no conseguí sacar el problema — I couldn't solve the problem

9) (=mostrar)

le han sacado en el periódico — he was in the paper

los sacaron en la tele — they were on TV

no me sacó en la foto — he missed me out of the photo

estamos sacando anuncios en TV — we're running some adverts on TV

10) (=mencionar)

no me saques ahora eso — don't come to me with that now

11) esp LAm (=quitar) [+ ropa] to take off; [+ mancha] to get out {o} off, remove frm

sacar la funda a un fusil — to take the cover off a rifle

12) (=aventajar en)

al terminar la carrera le sacaba 10 metros al adversario — he finished the race 10 metres ahead of his rival

le saca 10cm a su hermano — he is 10cm taller than his brother

13) (=salvar) to get out

nos sacó de esa penosa situación — she got us out of that difficult situation
apuro 1)
14) (=poner) [+ apodo, mote] to give

15) (Dep)

a) (Tenis) to serve

b) (Ftbl)

saca el balón Kiko — [en saque de banda] the throw-in is taken by Kiko; [en falta] Kiko takes the free kick

sacar una falta — to take a free kick

16) (Cos) [+ prenda de vestir] (=ensanchar) to let out; (=alargar) to let down

17) (Naipes) to play

2. VERBO INTRANSITIVO

1) (Tenis) to serve

2) (Ftbl) [en córner, tiro libre] to take the kick; [en saque de banda] to take the throw-in

después de marcar un gol, saca el contrario — after a goal has been scored, the opposing team kicks off

3.

See:

sacarse

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

Sentido I

1) ( extraer)

a) <billetera/lápiz> to take out, get out; <pistola/espada> to draw

sacar algo DE algo — to take something out of something

lo saqué del cajón — I took o got it out of the drawer

sacaron agua del pozo — they drew water from the well

b) < muela> to pull out, take out; <riñón/cálculo> to remove

me sacaron sangre — they took some blood

c) <diamantes/cobre> to extract, mine

sacar petróleo de debajo del mar — to get oil o (frml) extract petroleum from under the sea

d) <carta/ficha> to draw

2) (poner, llevar fuera)

a) <maceta/mesa/basura> to take out

saca las plantas al balcón — put the plants out on the balcony

sácalo aquí al sol — bring it out here into the sun

tuvimos que sacarlo por la ventana — we had to get it out through the window

sacar el perro a pasear — to take the dog out for a walk

los saqué a dar una vuelta en coche — I took them out for a ride (in the car)

sacar algo/a alguien DE algo — to get something/somebody out of something

sacar el coche del garaje — to get the car out of the garage

sáquenme de aquí! — get me out of here!

b) ( invitar)

el marido no la saca nunca — her husband never takes her out

sacar a alguien a bailar — to ask somebody to dance

c) < parte del cuerpo> to put out

me sacó la lengua — he stuck o put his tongue out at me

no saques la cabeza por la ventanilla — don't put your head out of the window

3) ( retirar) to take out

sacar dinero del banco — to take out o withdraw money from the bank

sólo puede sacar tres libros — you can only take out o borrow three books

4) ( de una situación difícil)

sacar a alguien DE algo — to get somebody out of something

me sacó de un apuro — he got me out of a tight spot

aquel dinero los sacó de la miseria — that money released them from their life of poverty

5) (Esp) < dobladillo> to let down; <pantalón/falda> ( alargar) to let down; ( ensanchar) to let out

Sentido II

6) ( obtener)

<pasaporte/permiso> to get; < entrada> to get, buy

ya saqué el pasaje or (Esp) he sacado el billete — I've already bought the ticket o got my ticket

7)

a) <calificación/nota> to get

saqué un cinco en química — I got five out of ten in chemistry

b) <votos/puntos> to get

c) ( en juegos de azar) < premio> to get, win

tiró los dados y sacó un seis — she threw the dice and got a six

d) < conclusión> to draw

e) <suma/cuenta> to do, work out

8) < beneficio> to get; < ganancia> to make

no vas a sacar nada hablándole así — you won't get anywhere talking to him like that

¿qué sacas con eso? — what do you gain by doing that?

saco $3.000 mensuales — I take home $3,000 a month

le sacó diez segundos (de ventaja) a Martínez — he took a ten-second lead over Martínez

el hijo ya le saca 10 centímetros — (fam) his son is already 10 centimeters taller than he is

sacar algo DE algo: sacaron mucho dinero de la venta they made a lot of money from the sale; no ha sacado ningún provecho del curso — she hasn't got anything out of the course

9)

sacar algo DE algo — <idea/información> to get something from something; <porciones/unidades> to get something out of something

sacarle algo A alguien — <dinero/información> to get something out of somebody

10) < brillo> to bring out

sacarle brillo a algo — to polish something to a shine

Sentido III

11)

a) < libro> to publish, bring out; < disco> to bring out, release; <modelo/producto> to bring out

sacaron el reportaje en primera plana — the report appeared on the front page

b) < tema> to bring up

c) < foto> to take; < copia> to make, take; < apuntes> to make, take

d) (Esp) <defecto/falta> (+ me/te/le etc) to find

a todo le tiene que sacar faltas — he always has to find fault with everything

12)

sacar adelante — < proyecto> ( poner en marcha) to get something off the ground; ( salvar de la crisis) to keep something going

luché tanto para sacar adelante a mis hijos — I fought so hard to give my children a good start in life

13) (Dep) <tiro libre/falta> to take

Sentido IV

14) ( quitar)

(esp AmL)

a)

sacarle algo A alguien — <botas/gorro> to take something off somebody; <juguetes/plata> (RPl) to take something from somebody

no se lo saques, que es suyo — don't take it (away) from him, it's his

¿cuánto te sacan en impuestos? — how much do they take off in taxes?

b)

sacarle algo a algo — <tapa/cubierta> to take something off something

c) ( retirar)

saca esto de aquí — take this away

saquen los libros de la mesa — take the books off the table

15) (esp AmL) ( hacer desaparecer) < mancha> to remove, get... out

me sacas un peso de encima — you've taken a great weight off my mind
2.
sacar vi (Dep) (en tenis, vóleibol) to serve; ( en fútbol) to kick off

sacar de puerta/de esquina — to take the goal kick/to take the corner

sacar de banda — to take the throw-in
3.
sacarse v pron (refl)

1) ( extraer)

ten cuidado, te vas a sacar un ojo — be careful or you'll poke o take your eye out

me saqué la astilla con unas pinzas — I got the splinter out with a pair of tweezers

me tengo que sacar una muela — (caus) I have to have a tooth out

sacarse algo DE algo — to take something out of something

sácate las manos de los bolsillos — take your hands out of your pockets

2) (AmL) ( quitarse) <ropa/zapatos> to take off; < maquillaje> to remove, take off

sácate el pelo de la cara — get o take your hair out of your eyes

no pudimos sacárnoslo de encima — we just couldn't get rid of him

3)

a) (caus) < foto>

tengo que sacarme una foto — I have to get a photo taken

b) (AmL) <calificación/nota> to get

* * *

= draw from, pull out, remove, take out, withdraw, draw, pull from, put out, scoop (out), pull off, ferret out, winkle out.

Ex. These headings may be drawn from an alphabetical list of subject headings or from a classification scheme.

Ex. We go to that record, pull it out, change the item's priority and upgrade it so it gets out to you quickly.

Ex. Folders allow a set of papers to be kept together when a set on a given topic is removed from the file.

Ex. A borrower may sometimes wish to take out a book which has already been loaned out.

Ex. Thus, all cards corresponding to documents covering 'Curricula' are withdrawn from the pack.

Ex. The 'Root Thesaurus' presents other refinements which permit the part of the hierarchy from which a term is drawn to be specified.

Ex. The data is pulled directly from all the bibliographic data bases on DIALOG that have a JN field.

Ex. Naturally people will handle books before they decide to buy them, which means that no more than a couple of copies of each title should be put out so that reserve stock is prevented from getting grubby.

Ex. This service will be useful for end users and for scooping out the availability of information on STN for a variety of search topics.

Ex. The ionisation in the air pulls off massive, if random charges so the speed of lightning is actually less than that of the speed of light.

Ex. As a rule analysts are left on their own to ferret out useful and appropriate areas to be investigated.

Ex. Small business operators can be easy prey for scamsters trying to winkle out money for unsolicited - and unneeded - 'services'.

----

* cría cuervos y te sacarán y los ojos = you've made your bed, now you must lie in it!.

* sacando provecho de = on the coattails of.

* sacar a Alguien de quicio = get on + Posesivo + nerves, drive + Alguien + up a wall, drive + Alguien + to despair, drive + Alguien + mad, drive + Alguien + insane, drive + Alguien + crazy, drive + Alguien + nuts, drive + Alguien + potty.

* sacar acciones al mercado = go + public.

* sacar a colación = bring + Nombre + up.

* sacar a colación una cuestión = bring up + matter, bring up + issue, bring up + point.

* sacar a colación una idea = bring up + idea.

* sacar a colación un problema = bring + problem up.

* sacar a colación un tema = bring up + topic, bring up + subject.

* sacar a concurso = tender for, tender out.

* sacar a concurso público = bid, bid + Posesivo + business, tender for, tender out.

* sacar a convocatoria pública = tender for, tender out, bid.

* sacar a flote = get + Nombre + back on + Posesivo + feet.

* sacar a golpes = punch out.

* sacar a la luz = bring to + light, dredge up.

* sacar Algo a relucir = bring + Nombre + to the surface.

* sacar Algo de = take + Nombre + out of.

* sacar a licitación = tender for, tender out.

* sacar al mercado = bring to + market.

* sacar a relucir = bring to + the surface, bring to + light, bring to + the fore.

* sacar a relucir diferencias = turn up + differences.

* sacar a relucir las mejores cualidades de = bring out + the best in.

* sacar a relucir lo peor de = bring out + the worst in.

* sacar a relucir los trapos sucios delante de otros = wash + dirty linen in front of others.

* sacar a relucir los trapos sucios en público = air + dirty linen in public.

* sacar arrastrando = haul out.

* sacar brillo = polish.

* sacar brillo a = buff, buff up.

* sacar conclusiones = draw + implications.

* sacar conclusiones generales = generalise [generalize, -USA].

* sacar conclusiones precipitadas = jump to + conclusions.

* sacar con sifón = siphon out.

* sacar con una bomba = pump out.

* sacar de = carry out of, wretch from, tilt + Nombre + out of, take from, catapult + Nombre + out of.

* sacar de apuros = bail out, bale out.

* sacar de contrabando = smuggle out.

* sacar de la inactividad = take + Nombre + out of the doldrums.

* sacar de las casillas = piss + Nombre + off.

* sacar del mismo molde = cast in + the same mould as.

* sacar de + Posesivo + casillas = drive + Alguien + (a)round the bend.

* sacar de quicio = drive + Alguien + (a)round the bend, exasperate, grind on + Posesivo + nerves, piss + Nombre + off.

* sacar dinero = draw + cash, draw out + cash.

* sacar el abrebotellas = pull out + the corks.

* sacar el máximo partido = exploit + full potential, take + full advantage (of), take + the best advantage.

* sacar el máximo partido a = get + the most out of.

* sacar el máximo partido a Algo = reach + the full potential of.

* sacar el máximo partido de = harness + the power of, make + the best of.

* sacar el máximo partido de Algo = make + the most of.

* sacar el máximo provecho de = get + the most out of.

* sacar el máximo provecho de Algo = make + the most of.

* sacar el mayor partido al dinero de uno = get + the most for + Posesivo + money.

* sacar el mejor partido de = get + the best out of.

* sacar el mejor partido de Algo = make + the best advantage of, make + the best use of, make + the best possible use of.

* sacar el mejor partido posible = get + the best of both worlds, get + the best of all worlds.

* sacar en préstamo = charge out, check out.

* sacar extractos de = excerpt.

* sacar faltas = find + fault with.

* sacar haciendo palanca = pry + Nombre + out, prise + Nombre + out.

* sacar haciendo sifón = siphon out.

* sacar ilegalmente = smuggle out.

* sacar la basura = take out + the garbage.

* sacar las castañas del fuego = sort out + the mess, pick up + the pieces.

* sacar las cosas de quicio = blow + things (up) out of (all) proportion.

* sacar lecciones de = draw + lessons from.

* sacarle defectos a todo = nitpick.

* sacarle dinero a Alguien = wrestle + money from.

* sacarle faltas a todo = nitpick.

* sacarle las castañas del fuego a Alguien = pull + Posesivo + chestnuts out of the fire.

* sacarle partido a = make + an opportunity (out) of.

* sacarle un bocado a = take + a bite out of.

* sacar libro en préstamo = borrow + book.

* sacar los pies del plato = break out of + the box.

* sacar los pies del tiesto = break out of + the box.

* sacar más partido = get + more for + Posesivo + money.

* sacar mayor partido a = squeeze + more life out of.

* sacar mayor provecho = stretch + further.

* sacar mejor partido = get + more for + Posesivo + money.

* sacar + Nombre + de = extricate + Nombre + from.

* sacar partido = take + advantage (of), exploit + benefits.

* sacar partido a una oportunidad = capitalise on + opportunity.

* sacar perforando = drill out.

* sacar poco a poco = tease out.

* sacar por impresora = print + off-line, print out + off-line.

* sacar provecho a una oportunidad = capitalise on + opportunity.

* sacar provecho de = capitalise on/upon [capitalize, -USA], cash in on, ride (on) + Posesivo + coattails.

* sacar punta = sharpen.

* sacar rápidamente = whip out.

* sacarse los mocos = pick + Posesivo + nose.

* sacar tirando = haul out.

* sacar una conclusión = draw + conclusion.

* sacar una deducción = draw + inference.

* sacar una foto = take + a shot.

* sacar una fotografía = take + picture.

* sacar una impresión = gain + picture.

* sacar una prueba = pull + a proof.

* sacar unas notazas = pass with + flying colours.

* sacar un diez = score + an A.

* sacar un ojo = gouge + eye out.

* sacar ventaja = gain + one-upmanship.

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

Sentido I

1) ( extraer)

a) <billetera/lápiz> to take out, get out; <pistola/espada> to draw

sacar algo DE algo — to take something out of something

lo saqué del cajón — I took o got it out of the drawer

sacaron agua del pozo — they drew water from the well

b) < muela> to pull out, take out; <riñón/cálculo> to remove

me sacaron sangre — they took some blood

c) <diamantes/cobre> to extract, mine

sacar petróleo de debajo del mar — to get oil o (frml) extract petroleum from under the sea

d) <carta/ficha> to draw

2) (poner, llevar fuera)

a) <maceta/mesa/basura> to take out

saca las plantas al balcón — put the plants out on the balcony

sácalo aquí al sol — bring it out here into the sun

tuvimos que sacarlo por la ventana — we had to get it out through the window

sacar el perro a pasear — to take the dog out for a walk

los saqué a dar una vuelta en coche — I took them out for a ride (in the car)

sacar algo/a alguien DE algo — to get something/somebody out of something

sacar el coche del garaje — to get the car out of the garage

sáquenme de aquí! — get me out of here!

b) ( invitar)

el marido no la saca nunca — her husband never takes her out

sacar a alguien a bailar — to ask somebody to dance

c) < parte del cuerpo> to put out

me sacó la lengua — he stuck o put his tongue out at me

no saques la cabeza por la ventanilla — don't put your head out of the window

3) ( retirar) to take out

sacar dinero del banco — to take out o withdraw money from the bank

sólo puede sacar tres libros — you can only take out o borrow three books

4) ( de una situación difícil)

sacar a alguien DE algo — to get somebody out of something

me sacó de un apuro — he got me out of a tight spot

aquel dinero los sacó de la miseria — that money released them from their life of poverty

5) (Esp) < dobladillo> to let down; <pantalón/falda> ( alargar) to let down; ( ensanchar) to let out

Sentido II

6) ( obtener)

<pasaporte/permiso> to get; < entrada> to get, buy

ya saqué el pasaje or (Esp) he sacado el billete — I've already bought the ticket o got my ticket

7)

a) <calificación/nota> to get

saqué un cinco en química — I got five out of ten in chemistry

b) <votos/puntos> to get

c) ( en juegos de azar) < premio> to get, win

tiró los dados y sacó un seis — she threw the dice and got a six

d) < conclusión> to draw

e) <suma/cuenta> to do, work out

8) < beneficio> to get; < ganancia> to make

no vas a sacar nada hablándole así — you won't get anywhere talking to him like that

¿qué sacas con eso? — what do you gain by doing that?

saco $3.000 mensuales — I take home $3,000 a month

le sacó diez segundos (de ventaja) a Martínez — he took a ten-second lead over Martínez

el hijo ya le saca 10 centímetros — (fam) his son is already 10 centimeters taller than he is

sacar algo DE algo: sacaron mucho dinero de la venta they made a lot of money from the sale; no ha sacado ningún provecho del curso — she hasn't got anything out of the course

9)

sacar algo DE algo — <idea/información> to get something from something; <porciones/unidades> to get something out of something

sacarle algo A alguien — <dinero/información> to get something out of somebody

10) < brillo> to bring out

sacarle brillo a algo — to polish something to a shine

Sentido III

11)

a) < libro> to publish, bring out; < disco> to bring out, release; <modelo/producto> to bring out

sacaron el reportaje en primera plana — the report appeared on the front page

b) < tema> to bring up

c) < foto> to take; < copia> to make, take; < apuntes> to make, take

d) (Esp) <defecto/falta> (+ me/te/le etc) to find

a todo le tiene que sacar faltas — he always has to find fault with everything

12)

sacar adelante — < proyecto> ( poner en marcha) to get something off the ground; ( salvar de la crisis) to keep something going

luché tanto para sacar adelante a mis hijos — I fought so hard to give my children a good start in life

13) (Dep) <tiro libre/falta> to take

Sentido IV

14) ( quitar)

(esp AmL)

a)

sacarle algo A alguien — <botas/gorro> to take something off somebody; <juguetes/plata> (RPl) to take something from somebody

no se lo saques, que es suyo — don't take it (away) from him, it's his

¿cuánto te sacan en impuestos? — how much do they take off in taxes?

b)

sacarle algo a algo — <tapa/cubierta> to take something off something

c) ( retirar)

saca esto de aquí — take this away

saquen los libros de la mesa — take the books off the table

15) (esp AmL) ( hacer desaparecer) < mancha> to remove, get... out

me sacas un peso de encima — you've taken a great weight off my mind
2.
sacar vi (Dep) (en tenis, vóleibol) to serve; ( en fútbol) to kick off

sacar de puerta/de esquina — to take the goal kick/to take the corner

sacar de banda — to take the throw-in
3.
sacarse v pron (refl)

1) ( extraer)

ten cuidado, te vas a sacar un ojo — be careful or you'll poke o take your eye out

me saqué la astilla con unas pinzas — I got the splinter out with a pair of tweezers

me tengo que sacar una muela — (caus) I have to have a tooth out

sacarse algo DE algo — to take something out of something

sácate las manos de los bolsillos — take your hands out of your pockets

2) (AmL) ( quitarse) <ropa/zapatos> to take off; < maquillaje> to remove, take off

sácate el pelo de la cara — get o take your hair out of your eyes

no pudimos sacárnoslo de encima — we just couldn't get rid of him

3)

a) (caus) < foto>

tengo que sacarme una foto — I have to get a photo taken

b) (AmL) <calificación/nota> to get

* * *

= draw from, pull out, remove, take out, withdraw, draw, pull from, put out, scoop (out), pull off, ferret out, winkle out.

Ex: These headings may be drawn from an alphabetical list of subject headings or from a classification scheme.

Ex: We go to that record, pull it out, change the item's priority and upgrade it so it gets out to you quickly.

Ex: Folders allow a set of papers to be kept together when a set on a given topic is removed from the file.

Ex: A borrower may sometimes wish to take out a book which has already been loaned out.

Ex: Thus, all cards corresponding to documents covering 'Curricula' are withdrawn from the pack.

Ex: The 'Root Thesaurus' presents other refinements which permit the part of the hierarchy from which a term is drawn to be specified.

Ex: The data is pulled directly from all the bibliographic data bases on DIALOG that have a JN field.

Ex: Naturally people will handle books before they decide to buy them, which means that no more than a couple of copies of each title should be put out so that reserve stock is prevented from getting grubby.

Ex: This service will be useful for end users and for scooping out the availability of information on STN for a variety of search topics.

Ex: The ionisation in the air pulls off massive, if random charges so the speed of lightning is actually less than that of the speed of light.

Ex: As a rule analysts are left on their own to ferret out useful and appropriate areas to be investigated.

Ex: Small business operators can be easy prey for scamsters trying to winkle out money for unsolicited - and unneeded - 'services'.

* cría cuervos y te sacarán y los ojos = you've made your bed, now you must lie in it!.

* sacando provecho de = on the coattails of.

* sacar a Alguien de quicio = get on + Posesivo + nerves, drive + Alguien + up a wall, drive + Alguien + to despair, drive + Alguien + mad, drive + Alguien + insane, drive + Alguien + crazy, drive + Alguien + nuts, drive + Alguien + potty.

* sacar acciones al mercado = go + public.

* sacar a colación = bring + Nombre + up.

* sacar a colación una cuestión = bring up + matter, bring up + issue, bring up + point.

* sacar a colación una idea = bring up + idea.

* sacar a colación un problema = bring + problem up.

* sacar a colación un tema = bring up + topic, bring up + subject.

* sacar a concurso = tender for, tender out.

* sacar a concurso público = bid, bid + Posesivo + business, tender for, tender out.

* sacar a convocatoria pública = tender for, tender out, bid.

* sacar a flote = get + Nombre + back on + Posesivo + feet.

* sacar a golpes = punch out.

* sacar a la luz = bring to + light, dredge up.

* sacar Algo a relucir = bring + Nombre + to the surface.

* sacar Algo de = take + Nombre + out of.

* sacar a licitación = tender for, tender out.

* sacar al mercado = bring to + market.

* sacar a relucir = bring to + the surface, bring to + light, bring to + the fore.

* sacar a relucir diferencias = turn up + differences.

* sacar a relucir las mejores cualidades de = bring out + the best in.

* sacar a relucir lo peor de = bring out + the worst in.

* sacar a relucir los trapos sucios delante de otros = wash + dirty linen in front of others.

* sacar a relucir los trapos sucios en público = air + dirty linen in public.

* sacar arrastrando = haul out.

* sacar brillo = polish.

* sacar brillo a = buff, buff up.

* sacar conclusiones = draw + implications.

* sacar conclusiones generales = generalise [generalize, -USA].

* sacar conclusiones precipitadas = jump to + conclusions.

* sacar con sifón = siphon out.

* sacar con una bomba = pump out.

* sacar de = carry out of, wretch from, tilt + Nombre + out of, take from, catapult + Nombre + out of.

* sacar de apuros = bail out, bale out.

* sacar de contrabando = smuggle out.

* sacar de la inactividad = take + Nombre + out of the doldrums.

* sacar de las casillas = piss + Nombre + off.

* sacar del mismo molde = cast in + the same mould as.

* sacar de + Posesivo + casillas = drive + Alguien + (a)round the bend.

* sacar de quicio = drive + Alguien + (a)round the bend, exasperate, grind on + Posesivo + nerves, piss + Nombre + off.

* sacar dinero = draw + cash, draw out + cash.

* sacar el abrebotellas = pull out + the corks.

* sacar el máximo partido = exploit + full potential, take + full advantage (of), take + the best advantage.

* sacar el máximo partido a = get + the most out of.

* sacar el máximo partido a Algo = reach + the full potential of.

* sacar el máximo partido de = harness + the power of, make + the best of.

* sacar el máximo partido de Algo = make + the most of.

* sacar el máximo provecho de = get + the most out of.

* sacar el máximo provecho de Algo = make + the most of.

* sacar el mayor partido al dinero de uno = get + the most for + Posesivo + money.

* sacar el mejor partido de = get + the best out of.

* sacar el mejor partido de Algo = make + the best advantage of, make + the best use of, make + the best possible use of.

* sacar el mejor partido posible = get + the best of both worlds, get + the best of all worlds.

* sacar en préstamo = charge out, check out.

* sacar extractos de = excerpt.

* sacar faltas = find + fault with.

* sacar haciendo palanca = pry + Nombre + out, prise + Nombre + out.

* sacar haciendo sifón = siphon out.

* sacar ilegalmente = smuggle out.

* sacar la basura = take out + the garbage.

* sacar las castañas del fuego = sort out + the mess, pick up + the pieces.

* sacar las cosas de quicio = blow + things (up) out of (all) proportion.

* sacar lecciones de = draw + lessons from.

* sacarle defectos a todo = nitpick.

* sacarle dinero a Alguien = wrestle + money from.

* sacarle faltas a todo = nitpick.

* sacarle las castañas del fuego a Alguien = pull + Posesivo + chestnuts out of the fire.

* sacarle partido a = make + an opportunity (out) of.

* sacarle un bocado a = take + a bite out of.

* sacar libro en préstamo = borrow + book.

* sacar los pies del plato = break out of + the box.

* sacar los pies del tiesto = break out of + the box.

* sacar más partido = get + more for + Posesivo + money.

* sacar mayor partido a = squeeze + more life out of.

* sacar mayor provecho = stretch + further.

* sacar mejor partido = get + more for + Posesivo + money.

* sacar + Nombre + de = extricate + Nombre + from.

* sacar partido = take + advantage (of), exploit + benefits.

* sacar partido a una oportunidad = capitalise on + opportunity.

* sacar perforando = drill out.

* sacar poco a poco = tease out.

* sacar por impresora = print + off-line, print out + off-line.

* sacar provecho a una oportunidad = capitalise on + opportunity.

* sacar provecho de = capitalise on/upon [capitalize, -USA], cash in on, ride (on) + Posesivo + coattails.

* sacar punta = sharpen.

* sacar rápidamente = whip out.

* sacarse los mocos = pick + Posesivo + nose.

* sacar tirando = haul out.

* sacar una conclusión = draw + conclusion.

* sacar una deducción = draw + inference.

* sacar una foto = take + a shot.

* sacar una fotografía = take + picture.

* sacar una impresión = gain + picture.

* sacar una prueba = pull + a proof.

* sacar unas notazas = pass with + flying colours.

* sacar un diez = score + an A.

* sacar un ojo = gouge + eye out.

* sacar ventaja = gain + one-upmanship.

* * *

sacar [A2 ]

vt

Sentido I

A (extraer)

1 ‹cartera/dinero/lápiz› to take out, get out; ‹pistola› to draw, get out; ‹espada› to draw sacar algo DE algo to take sth OUT OF sth

lo saqué del cajón I took o got it out of the drawer

sacar el pollo del horno take the chicken out of the oven, remove the chicken from the oven ( frml)

sacaron agua del pozo they drew water from the well

2 ‹muela› to pull out, take out; ‹riñón/cálculo› to remove

me sacaron sangre para hacer los análisis they took some blood to do the tests

saqué la astilla con unas pinzas I got the splinter out with a pair of tweezers

deja que te saque esa espinilla let me squeeze that pimple for you

me vas a sacar un ojo con ese paraguas you'll have o poke my eye out with that umbrella!

3 ‹diamantes/cobre› to extract, mine

sacamos petróleo de debajo del mar we get oil o ( frml) extract petroleum from under the sea

4 ‹conclusión› to draw

¿sacaste algo en limpio de todo eso? did you (manage to) make anything of all that?

primero tienes que sacar la raíz cuadrada first you have to find o extract the square root

B (de una situación) sacar a algn DE algo:

aquel dinero los sacó de la miseria that money released them from their life of poverty

¿quién lo va a sacar de su error? who's going to tell him he's wrong o put him right?

me sacó de una situación muy difícil she got me out of a really tight spot

pagaron la fianza y la sacaron de la cárcel they put up bail and got her out of prison

¿por qué lo sacaron del colegio? why did they take him out of o take him away from the school?

C (de una cuenta, un fondo) to take out, get out ( colloq)

tengo que sacar dinero del banco/de la otra cuenta I have to get o draw some money out of the bank/draw o take some money out of the other account

sólo puede sacar tres libros you can only take out o borrow three books

D ‹cuenta/suma/ecuación› to do, work out; ‹adivinanza› to work out

saca la cuenta y dime cuánto te debo work it out and tell me how much I owe you

E (poner, llevar fuera)

1 ‹maceta/mesa› to take out

saca las plantas al balcón put the plants out on the balcony, take the plants out onto the balcony

¿has sacado la basura? have you put o taken the garbage ( AmE) o ( BrE) rubbish out?

sácalo aquí al sol bring it out here into the sun

sacaron el sofá por la ventana they got the sofa out through the window

sacar algo DE algo to take o get sth OUT OF sth

no puedo sacar el coche del garaje I can't get the car out of the garage

2 ‹persona/perro›

los saqué a dar una vuelta en coche I took them out for a ride (in the car)

lo tuvimos que sacar por la ventana we had to get him out through the window

la sacaron en brazos they carried her out

saca el perro a pasear take the dog out for a walk

sacar a algn DE algo to get sb OUT OF sth

¡socorro! ¡sáquenme de aquí! help! get me out of here!

su marido no la saca nunca de casa her husband never takes her out

lo sacaron de allí a patadas they kicked him out of there

3

sacar a algn a bailar to ask sb to dance

4 ‹parte del cuerpo›

saca (el) pecho stick your chest out

me sacó la lengua he stuck o put his tongue out at me

no saques la cabeza por la ventanilla don't put your head out of the window

F (poner en juego) ‹carta› to play, put down; ‹pieza/ficha› to bring out

G ‹dobladillo› to let down ‹pantalón/falda› (alargar) to let down; (ensanchar) to let out

Sentido II

A ‹pasaporte/permiso› to get; ‹entrada› to get, buy

ya he sacado el pasaje or ( Esp) billete I've already bought the ticket o got my ticket

¿sacaste hora para la peluquería? did you make an appointment at the hairdresser's?

he sacado número para la consulta de mañana I've made an appointment with the doctor tomorrow

sacar una reserva to make a reservation, to book

¡qué tipo más buen mozo! ¿de dónde lo habrá sacado? wow, he's good-looking! where do you think she got hold of o found him? ( colloq)

B

1 sacar algo DE algo ‹idea/información› to get sth FROM sth

saqué los datos del informe oficial I got o took the information from the official report

2 sacarle algo A algn ‹dinero/información› to get sth OUT OF sb

no le pude sacar ni un peso para la colecta I couldn't get a penny out of him for the collection

le sacaron el nombre de su cómplice they got the name of his accomplice out of him, they extracted the name of his accomplice from him

a ver si le sacas quién se lo dijo see if you can find out who told her, try and get out of her who it was who told her

C

1 ‹calificación/nota› to get

saqué un cinco en química I got five out of ten in chemistry

2 ‹votos/puntos› to get

el partido sacó tres escaños the party got o won three seats

3 (en juegos de azar) ‹premio› to get, win

cuando saque la lotería when I win the lottery

tiró los dados y sacó un seis she threw the dice and got a six

saqué la pajita más corta I drew the short straw

4 ( Esp) ‹examen/asignatura› to pass

no creo que saque la física en junio I don't think I'll pass o get through physics in June

D ‹brillo› to bring out

frotar para sacarle brillo rub to bring out the shine o to make it shine

esa caminata le sacó los colores that walk brought the color to her cheeks

punta² (↑ punta (2))

E ‹beneficio› to get

no vas a sacar nada hablándole así you won't get anywhere talking to him like that

¿qué sacas con amargarle la vida? what do you gain by making his life a misery?

le sacó mucho partido a la situación he took full advantage of the situation

con este trabajito saco (lo suficiente) para mis vicios I earn a little pocket money with this job

saqué unas £200 en limpio I made a clear £200

le sacó diez segundos (de ventaja) a Martínez he took a ten-second lead over Martínez

el hijo ya le saca 10 centímetros ( fam); his son is already 10 centimeters taller than he is

sacar algo DE algo:

no ha sacado ningún provecho del cursillo she hasn't got anything out of o ( frml) hasn't derived any benefit from the course

tienes que aprender a sacar partido de estas situaciones you have to learn to take advantage of these situations

no sacaron mucho dinero de la venta they didn't make much money on o out of o from the sale

F sacar algo DE algo ‹porciones/unidades› to get sth OUT OF sth

de esa masa puedes sacar dos pasteles there's enough pastry there to make o for two pies, you can get two pies out of that amount of pastry

G

(heredar): ha sacado los ojos verdes de la madre he's got his mother's green eyes, he gets his green eyes from his mother

Sentido III

A

1 ‹libro› to publish, bring out; ‹película/disco› to bring out, release; ‹modelo/producto› to bring out

han vuelto a sacar la moda de la minifalda the miniskirt is back in fashion

sacaron el reportaje en primera plana the report was published o printed o the report appeared on the front page

2 ‹tema› to bring up

3 ( Esp) ‹defecto/falta› (+ me/te/le etc) to find

a todo le tiene que sacar faltas he always has to find fault with everything

4 ( Esp) ‹apodo› to give

B

sacar adelante: gracias a su empeño sacaron adelante el proyecto thanks to her determination they managed to get the project off the ground/keep the project going

luché tanto para sacar adelante a mis hijos I fought so hard to give my children a good start in life

tengo que sacar adelante la misión que me fue encomendada I have to carry out the mission that has been entrusted to me

C

1 ‹foto› to take

2 ‹copia› to make, take

3 ‹apuntes› to make, take

D ( Dep) ‹tiro libre/falta› to take

Sentido IV (quitar)

A ( esp AmL)

1 ‹botas/gorro/tapa› sacarle algo A algn/algo to take sth OFF sb/sth

¿me sacas las botas? can you pull o take my boots off?

tengo que sacarles el polvo a los muebles I have to dust the furniture

2

(apartar): saca esto de aquí que estorba take this away, it's in the way

saquen los libros de la mesa take the books off the table

mejor sacarlo de en medio ahora we'd better get it out of the way now

3 ‹programa› to switch off; ‹disco› to take off

B

( RPl) ‹pertenencia› sacarle algo a algn to take sth from sb

no se lo saques, que es suyo don't take it (away) from him, it's his

¿cuánto te sacan en impuestos? how much do they take off in taxes?, how much do you get deducted o ( AmE) withheld in taxes?

no me saques la silla don't take o ( BrE colloq) pinch my seat

C ( esp AmL) (hacer desaparecer) ‹mancha› to remove, get … out; ‹dolor› to get rid of

es una idea descabellada, a ver si se la podemos sacar de la cabeza it's a crazy idea, we should try to talk him out of it

me sacas un peso de encima you've taken a great weight off my mind

tenemos que sacarle esa costumbre we have to break him of that habit

■ sacar

vi

1 (en tenis, vóleibol) to serve

2 (en fútbol) to kick off

sacó de puerta/de esquina he took the goal kick/corner

saca de banda he takes the throw-in

■ sacarse

v pron

( refl)

A

(extraer): ten cuidado, te vas a sacar un ojo be careful or you'll poke o take your eye out

me tengo que sacar una muela ( caus) I have to have a tooth out

sacarse algo DE algo to take sth OUT OF sth

sácate las manos de los bolsillos take your hands out of your pockets

sácate el dedo de la nariz don't pick your nose

B ( esp AmL)

1 ‹ropa/zapatos› to take off

se sacó el reloj she took off her watch

2

(apartar, hacer desaparecer): sácate el pelo de la cara get o take your hair out of your eyes

sacarse el maquillaje to remove o take off one's makeup

no me puedo sacar el dolor con nada no matter what I do I can't seem to get rid of the pain

no pudimos sacárnoslo de encima we just couldn't get rid of him

C (Chi, Méx) ‹calificación/nota› to get

me saqué un 6 en español I got 6 out of 10 in Spanish

* * *

sacar ( conjugate sacar) verbo transitivo
1 ( extraer)
a) ‹billetera/lápiz› to take out, get out;

‹pistola/espada› to draw;
sacar algo DE algo to take o get sth out of sth;
◊ lo saqué del cajón I took o got it out of the drawer

b) ‹ muela› to pull out, take out;

‹riñón/cálculo› to remove;
◊ me sacaron sangre they took some blood

c) ‹diamantes/cobre/petróleo› to extract

d) ‹carta/ficha› to draw

2 (poner, llevar fuera)
a) ‹maceta/mesa/basura› to take out;

◊ sácalo aquí al sol bring it out here into the sun;

tuvimos que sacarlo por la ventana we had to get it out through the window;
sacar el perro a pasear to take the dog out for a walk;
sacar el coche del garaje to get the car out of the garage
b) ( invitar):

◊ el marido no la saca nunca her husband never takes her out;

sacar a algn a bailar to ask sb to dance
c) ‹ parte del cuerpo› to put out;

◊ me sacó la lengua he stuck o put his tongue out at me

3 ( retirar) to take out;
◊ sacar dinero del banco to take out o withdraw money from the bank

4 ( de una situación difícil) sacar a algn DE algo ‹de apuro/atolladero› to get sb out of sth
5 (Esp) ‹ dobladillo› to let down;
‹pantalón/falda› ( alargar) to let down;
( ensanchar) to let out
( obtener)
1 ‹pasaporte/permiso› to get;
‹entrada/billete› to get, buy
2
a) ‹votos/puntos/calificación› to get

b) ‹ premio› to get, win

c) ‹ conclusión› to draw

d) ‹suma/cuenta› to do, work out

3 ‹ beneficio› to get;
‹ ganancia› to make;
◊ ¿qué sacas con eso? what do you gain by doing that?;

no sacó ningún provecho del curso she didn't get anything out of the course
4 sacar algo DE algo ‹idea/información› to get sth from sth;
‹porciones/unidades› to get sth out of sth;
sacarle algo A algn ‹dinero/información› to get sth out of sb
5 ‹ brillo› to bring out;
◊ sacarle brillo a algo to polish sth to a shine

1
a) ‹ libro› to publish, bring out;

‹ disco› to bring out, release;
‹modelo/producto› to bring out
b) ‹ tema› to bring up

c) ‹ foto› to take;

‹ copia› to make, take;
‹ apuntes› to make, take;
◊ sacarle una foto a algn to take a photo of sb

d) (Esp) ‹defecto/falta› (+ me/te/le etc) to find;

◊ a todo le tiene que sacar faltas he always has to find fault with everything

2
◊ sacar adelante ‹ proyecto› ( poner en marcha) to get sth off the ground;

( salvar de la crisis) to keep sth going;
◊ luché tanto para sacar adelante a mis hijos I fought so hard to give my children a good start in life

3 (Dep) ‹tiro libre/falta› to take
( quitar) (esp AmL)
a) sacarle algo A algn ‹botas/gorro› to take sth off sb

b) sacarle algo a algo ‹tapa/cubierta› to take sth off sth

c) ( retirar):

◊ saca esto de aquí take this away;

saquen los libros de la mesa take the books off the table
d) ( hacer desaparecer) ‹ mancha› to remove, get … out

verbo intransitivo (Dep) (en tenis, vóleibol) to serve;
( en fútbol) to kick off
sacarse verbo pronominal ( refl)
1 ( extraer) ‹astilla/púa› to take … out;
‹ ojo› to poke … out;
◊ me tengo que sacar una muela ( caus) I have to have a tooth out;

sacarse algo DE algo to take sth out of sth;
sácate las manos de los bolsillos take your hands out of your pockets
2 (AmL) ( quitarse) ‹ropa/zapatos› to take off;
‹ maquillaje› to remove, take off
3
a) ( caus) ‹ foto›:

◊ tengo que sacarme una foto I have to have my photo taken

b) (AmL) ‹calificación/nota› to get

sacar
I verbo transitivo
1 (de un sitio) to take out
sacar la cabeza por la ventana, to stick one's head out of the window
sacar dinero del banco, to withdraw money from the bank
2 (un beneficio, etc) to get
3 (extraer una cosa de otra) to extract, get: de la uva se saca vino, you get wine from grapes
4 (una solución) to work out
sacar conclusiones, to draw conclusions
5 (descubrir, resolver) no consigo sacar esta ecuación, I can't resolve this equation
6 (un documento) to get
7 (una entrada, un billete) to buy, get
8 (de una mala situación) sacar a alguien de algo, to get sb out of sthg
sacar de la pobreza, to save from poverty
9 (manifestar, dar a conocer) de repente, sacó su malhumor, he got into a strop all of a sudden
10 (una novedad) han sacado un nuevo modelo de televisor, they've brought out a new television model again
11 (poner en circulación) to bring out, release
12 familiar (producir) esa máquina saca más de 2.500 piezas a la hora, this machine can produce more than 2,500 parts an hour
(una fotografía, una copia) to take
13 familiar (aparecer alguien o algo en un medio de comunicación) lo sacaron por la tele, it was on television
14 familiar (superar a alguien en algo) ha crecido mucho, ya le saca la cabeza a su padre, he's grown a lot o he's already taller than his father
15 (un jugador una carta o una ficha) to draw
16 (una mancha) to get out
17 Cost (de largo) to let down
(de ancho) to let out
II vi Dep (en tenis) to serve
(en fútbol, baloncesto, etc) to kick off
♦ Locuciones: sacar a alguien a bailar, to ask sb to dance
sacar a relucir, to point out
sacar adelante, to keep going
sacar en claro o limpio, to make sense of
sacar la lengua, to stick one's tongue out
sacar pecho, to thrust one's chest out
' sacar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
achicar
- basura
- bota
- brillo
- cara
- casilla
- chupar
- clara
- claro
- colación
- concurso
- contrarreloj
- descargar
- desorbitar
- destripar
- espaldarazo
- estárter
- exigible
- flote
- fuego
- invertir
- jugo
- liberar
- listada
- listado
- moldear
- noria
- pegote
- penetrar
- provecho
- punta
- quicio
- relucir
- sacacorchos
- sangrar
- subastar
- tajada
- trapo
- varar
- ajustar
- apunte
- billete
- carné
- cuenta
- desengañar
- esquina
- limpio
- luz
- músculo
- nota
English:
assign
- back
- bail out
- bash out
- benefit
- book
- bring out
- capital
- capitalize
- carry
- carry through
- centre
- cheese
- dig out
- dig up
- dislodge
- draw
- draw out
- dredge up
- exercise
- extricate
- find
- float
- from
- get out
- get round to
- gouge out
- jam
- job
- jump
- out
- photograph
- poke out
- polish
- polish up
- produce
- profit
- pull
- pull out
- pump out
- put out
- reel in
- release
- responsible
- run off
- scoop
- scoop out
- score
- serve
- sharpen

* * *

sacar

♦ vt

1. [poner fuera, hacer salir, extraer] to take out;
[pistola, navaja, espada] to draw; [naipe, ficha] to play; [carbón, oro, petróleo] to extract;
sacar agua de un pozo to draw water from a well;

sacó la lengua she stuck her tongue out;

¡saca las manos de los bolsillos! take your hands out of your pockets!;

sacó la mano/la cabeza por la ventanilla he stuck his hand/head out of the window;

habrá que sacar los zapatos a la terraza we'll have to put our shoes out on the balcony;

¿de qué carpeta has sacado estos papeles? which folder did you take these papers out of?;

¿cómo lo vamos a sacar de ahí? how are we going to get him out of there?;

me sacaron de allí/a la calle por la fuerza they threw me out of there/into the street by force;

sacar a alguien a bailar to ask sb to dance;

sacar a pasear al perro to walk the dog, to take the dog for a walk;

nos sacaron algo de comer they gave us something to eat;

Comp
Ven Fam
sacar la piedra a alguien to make sb mad

2. [quitar] to remove (de from); [manchas] to get out, to remove (de from); [espinas] to get o pull out (de from);
el dentista me sacó una muela I had a tooth out at the dentist's;

sacarle sangre a alguien to draw blood from sb;
RP
¿quién me sacó el diccionario? who's taken my dictionary?

3. [obtener] [carné, certificado, buenas notas] to get;
[entradas, billetes, pasajes] to get, to buy; [datos, información] to get, to obtain; [premio] to win;
¿qué sacaste en el examen de inglés? what did you get for o in your English exam?;

saqué un ocho I got eight out of ten;

sacar beneficios (a o [m5] de un negocio) to make a profit (from a business);

sacar dinero del banco to get o take some money out of the bank;

¿de dónde has sacado esa idea? where did you get that idea (from)?;

lo que sigue está sacado de la Constitución the following is an extract from the Constitution;

la sidra se saca de las manzanas cider is made from apples;

de esta pizza no sacas más de seis raciones you won't get more than six portions from this pizza;

¿y qué sacamos con reñirle? what do we gain by telling him off?, what's the point in telling him off?;

¿y yo qué saco? what's in it for me?

4. [librar, salvar]
sacar a alguien de algo to get sb out of sth;

gracias por sacarme del apuro thanks for getting me out of trouble;

5.000 pesos no nos van a sacar de pobres 5.000 pesos isn't exactly enough for us never to have to work again

5. [realizar] [foto] to take;
[fotocopia] to make; RP [apuntes, notas] to take;
siempre me sacan fatal en las fotos I always look terrible in photos;

juntaos, que no os saco a todos move closer together, I can't fit you all in the photo like that

6. [sonsacar]
sacar algo a alguien to get sth out of sb;

no me sacarán nada they won't get anything out of me

7. [nuevo producto, modelo, libro] to bring out;
[disco] to release;
ha sacado un nuevo disco/una nueva novela he has a new record/novel out

8. [manifestar]
sacar (a relucir) algo to bring sth up;

yo no fui el que sacó el tema it wasn't me who brought the matter up in the first place;

sacó su mal humor a relucir he let his bad temper show

9. [resolver, encontrar] to do, to work out;
[crucigrama] to do, to solve;
sacar la cuenta/la solución to work out the total/the answer;

sacar la respuesta correcta to get the right answer;

siempre está sacando defectos a la gente she's always finding fault with people

10. [deducir] to gather, to understand;

sacar una conclusión to come to a conclusion;

sacar algo en consecuencia de algo to conclude o deduce sth from sth;

lo leí tres veces, pero no saqué nada en claro o [m5] limpio I read it three times, but I couldn't make much sense of it

11. [aventajar en]
sacó tres minutos a su rival he was three minutes ahead of his rival;

mi hijo ya me saca la cabeza my son's already a head taller than me

12. [en medios de comunicación] to show;

sacaron imágenes en el telediario they showed pictures on the news;

sacaron imágenes en el periódico they printed pictures in the newspaper;

la sacaron en o [m5] por televisión she was on television

13. Esp [prenda] [de ancho] to let out;
[de largo] to let down
14. Am [camisa, zapatos] to take off;

sácale la ropa al niño get the child undressed

15. [en deportes] [en tenis, voleibol] to serve;

sacar un córner/una falta to take a corner/free kick

16.
sacar adelante [hijos] to provide for;
[negocio, proyecto] to make a go of;
sacó sus estudios adelante she successfully completed her studies;

no sé cómo vamos a sacar adelante la empresa I don't know how we're going to keep the company going;

saca adelante a su familia con un mísero salario he supports his family on a miserable salary

♦ vi
[en fútbol, baloncesto, hockey] to put the ball into play; [en tenis, voleibol] to serve;
sacar de banda/de esquina/de puerta to take a throw-in/corner/goal kick

♦ See also the pronominal verb sacarse

* * *

sacar

v/t

1 take out;

sacar de paseo take for a walk;

sacar a alguien a bailar ask s.o. to dance

2 mancha take out, remove

3 disco, libro bring out

4 fotocopias make;

le sacó bien PINT, FOT that’s a good picture of you

5 ( conseguir) get;

sacar información get information;

¿de dónde has sacado el dinero? where did you get the money from?;

sacar un buen sueldo make good money

6

:

sacar a alguien de sí drive s.o. mad;

sacar algo en claro ( entender) make sense of sth;

me saca dos años he is two years older than me

* * *

sacar {72} vt

1) : to pull out, to take out

saca el pollo del congelador: take the chicken out of the freezer

2) : to get, to obtain

saqué un 100 en el examen: I got 100 on the exam

3) : to get out, to extract

le saqué la información: I got the information from him

4) : to stick out

sacar la lengua: to stick out one's tongue

5) : to bring out, to introduce

sacar un libro: to publish a book

sacaron una moda nueva: they introduced a new style

6) : to take (photos)

7) : to make (copies)

sacar vi

1) : to kick off (in soccer or football)

2) : to serve (in sports)

* * *

sacar vb

1. (extraer) to take out [pt. took; pp. taken]

fui al dentista para que me sacara una muela I went to the dentist to have a tooth out

sacó el dinero de la cartera he took the money out of his wallet

saca el perro a pasear take the dog out for a walk

2. (conseguir) to get

he sacado buenas notas en los exámenes I got good marks in the exams

3. (arrancar) to get out

le he sacado la información I got the information out of him

4. (adquirir) to buy [pt. & pp. bought] / to get

he sacado las entradas para el concierto I've bought the tickets for the concert

5. (poner en circulación) to bring out [pt. & pp. brought]

Mónica Limón ha sacado un nuevo disco Mónica Limón has brought out a new record

6. (hacer una foto) to take [pt. took; pp. taken]

sácame una foto take a photo of me

7. (parte del cuerpo) to stick out [pt. & pp. stuck]

no me saques la lengua don't stick your tongue out at me

8. (producir) to make

el vino se saca de la uva wine is made from grapes

9. (invitar) to ask

no me sacó nadie a bailar no one asked me to dance

10. (en tenis) to serve

11. (en fútbol para empezar) to kick off

12. (aventajar) to get ahead of

Induráin sacó cinco minutos de ventaja a Zulle Induráin took a five minute lead over Zulle

mi hermano me saca tres centímetros my brother is three centimetres taller than me

sacar brillo to polish

sacar punta to sharpen

Spanish-English dictionary > sacar
7 go

1. [gəʋ] n (pl goes [gəʋz]) разг.
1. ход, ходьба; движение

come and go - хождение туда и сюда /взад и вперёд/

the boat rolled gently with the come and go of small waves - лодка мягко покачивалась на мелких волнах

to be on the go - быть в движении /в работе/

I've been on the go since daybreak - я спозаранку на ногах

he is always on the go - он всегда в движении; он никогда не сидит без дела

he has two books on the go at the moment - в настоящее время он работает (одновременно) над двумя книгами

2. обстоятельство, положение; неожиданный поворот дел

a capital go - очень приятное дело

a near go - опасное /рискованное/ положение; ≅ быть на волосок от гибели /провала, разорения и т. п./

here's a pretty go!, what a go! - ≅ весёленькая история!, хорошенькое дельце!

it's a queer /rum/ go - странное дело

3. попытка

to have a go at - попытаться, рискнуть, попытать счастья

she was staying for another go - она осталась, чтобы сделать ещё одну попытку

let's have another go at this problem - давай ещё раз попробуем разобраться в этом деле

he had several goes at the examination before he passed - он не смог сдать экзамен с первого захода

4. 1) приступ

she had a bad go of flu - у неё был тяжёлый грипп

2) порция ( еды или вина)

3) что-л. выполненное за один раз

5. сделка, соглашение

it's a go! - идёт!, по рукам, решено!, договорились!

6. разг. энергия, воодушевление; рвение; увлечение

full of go - полон энергии

the children are full of go - у детей много энергии

there's no go about him - он вялый

there is plenty of go in this music - это очень темпераментная музыка

a brief go at drawing - кратковременное увлечение рисованием

7. разг. успех; удача; успешное предприятие

to make a go of it - амер. добиться успеха, преуспеть

he is convinced that he can make a go of it - он уверен, что добьётся в этом деле успеха

no go - бесполезный, безнадёжный

the plan is no go - план никуда не годится

it's no go! - не пойдёт!, невозможно!

8. редк. походка

9. ход ( в игре); бросок ( в спортивных играх)

it's their go - сейчас их очередь

10. карт. «мимо» ( возглас игрока в криббидж)

♢ to give smb. the go - дать кому-л. сигнал или разрешение действовать; ≅ дать «добро»

quite /all/ the go - последний крик моды; предмет всеобщего увлечения

first go - первым делом, сразу же

at a go - сразу, зараз

the great [little] go - студ. последний [первый] экзамен на степень бакалавра гуманитарных наук ( в Кембридже и Оксфорде)

from the word go - с самого начала

he was a drag on me from the word go - с самого начала он был для меня обузой
2. [gəʋ] a амер. разг.
быть в состоянии готовности; работать (безотказно) (об аппаратуре и т. п.)

all systems are go - все системы работают нормально

you are go for landing - ≅ разрешается посадка

she was suddenly in a go condition - она внезапно почувствовала, что готова ко всему
3. [gəʋ] v (went; gone)
I

1. идти, ходить

to go slowly [quickly] - идти медленно [быстро]

to go slow - а) идти медленно, не торопиться; б) быть осмотрительным; [ср. тж. ♢ ]

to go along the road - идти по дороге

cars go on the road - по дороге едут /ездят/ машины

to go upstairs [downstairs] - подыматься [спускаться] по лестнице

they went over the river - они перешли /переправились через/ реку

she went to buy some food - она отправилась за провизией

he went to visit /to see/ her - он пошёл навестить /проведать/ её

to go to the doctor - пойти к врачу

to go in single file [in pairs] - идти по одному [парами]

we can talk as we go - мы можем разговаривать на ходу

you go first - а) вы идите первым /вперёд/; б) проходите, пожалуйста; в) ваш первый ход

who goes there? - кто идёт? ( оклик часового)

2. направляться, следовать; ехать, поехать

to go to the window - подойти к окну

to go to the country - поехать за город /в деревню, на дачу/ [см. тж. ♢ ]

to go abroad - поехать за границу [см. тж. ♢ ]

he is going abroad - он едет за границу

to go to France [to London] - поехать во Францию [в Лондон]

to go on a journey - поехать в путешествие; совершать путешествие

they went for a trip to Windsor - они поехали на экскурсию в Виндзор

he goes to the South every year - каждый год он ездит на юг

to go for a ride /a drive/ - поехать /отправиться/ на прогулку (особ. верхом, на велосипеде, в автомобиле)

to go for a walk - пойти (по)гулять

let's go for a swim - пойдём купаться

the bus goes to London - автобус идёт в Лондон

to go to a meeting - пойти на собрание

to go on a visit - поехать /отправиться/ с визитом; поехать погостить

to go to a party - пойти в гости /на вечеринку, на вечер/

to go on a tour - а) отправиться /пуститься/ в путешествие; б) отправляться на гастроли /в турне/

to go (some) places - амер. разг. ездить /ходить/ по разным местам

3. 1) ездить, путешествовать, передвигаться (каким-л. способом)

to go by land [by water] - ехать по суше [по воде]

to go by air - лететь самолётом

to go by train [by bus, by tram, by rail, by steamer] - ехать поездом [автобусом, трамваем, по железной дороге, пароходом]

to go by aeroplane - лететь самолётом

to go in a carriage [in a motor-car, in a ship, in a tram, in a trolley-bus] - ехать в экипаже [в автомобиле, на пароходе, в трамвае, в троллейбусе]

to go on foot - ходить /идти/ пешком

to go on horseback - ехать верхом (на лошади)

2) ходить, курсировать

the steamer goes twice a week - пароход ходит два раза в неделю

4. 1) уходить, уезжать

we came at six and went at nine - мы пришли в шесть, а ушли в девять

it is time for us to go - нам пора уходить /идти, уезжать/

we must go at one o'clock - мы должны уйти в час

I'll be going now - ну, я пошёл

I must be going now, I must be gone - теперь мне нужно уходить

she is gone - она ушла /уехала/, её нет

after I go - после моего ухода

the guests are all gone - все гости ушли

don't go yet - побудь ещё немного

be gone!, get you gone! - уходи!

2) отходить, отправляться

when does the train go? - когда отходит поезд?

the train goes from platform 5 - поезд отходит от платформы №5

one, two, three - go!, ready, steady, go! - внимание... приготовиться... марш!

5. 1) двигаться, быть в движении

I'd prefer to sit the way the train is going - я бы предпочёл сидеть по ходу поезда

to set smth. going - привести что-л. в движение

2) двигаться с определённой скоростью

the train was going (at) fifty miles an hour - поезд шёл со скоростью 50 миль в час

the car's going too fast - машина едет слишком быстро

to go at full drive /tilt/ - идти полным ходом

6. 1) работать, действовать, функционировать (о машине и т. п.)

that clock doesn't go - эти часы не ходят

my watch is going too fast [slow] - мои часы слишком спешат [отстают]

the engine went beautifully all day - весь день машина работала превосходно

the motor won't go - мотор не заводится

how do I make the washing machine go? - как включить стиральную машину?

this kept the factory going - благодаря этому фабрика продолжала работать

you must keep the fire going - тебе нужно поддерживать огонь

mails go slow - почта работает медленно

the engine goes by electricity - двигатель работает на электричестве

my heart was going at a tremendous rate - сердце у меня сильно билось

2) жить, действовать, функционировать ( о человеке)

he manages to keep going - он как-то тянет, ему удаётся держаться

7. 1) тянуться, проходить, пролегать, простираться

the boundary goes along the river - граница проходит вдоль реки

mountains that go from east to west - горы, тянущиеся /простирающиеся/ с востока на запад

how far does the road go? - далеко ли тянется эта дорога?

this road goes to London - эта дорога ведёт в Лондон

2) дотягиваться; доходить

the park goes down to the river - парк простирается до реки

I want a rope that will go from the top window to the ground - мне нужна верёвка, которую можно опустить с верхнего этажа до земли

this belt won't go around her waist - этот пояс на ней не сойдётся

the wound does not go very deep - рана не очень глубокая

8. 1) протекать, проходить

time goes quickly - время идёт быстро /летит/

vacation goes quickly - не успеваешь оглянуться, а отпуск кончился

much time has gone since that day - с того дня прошло много времени

there is another hour to go - осталось ждать ещё час

summer is going - лето проходит

2) протекать; завершаться каким-л. образом

how is the evening going? - как проходит вечер?

how did the interview go? - как прошло интервью?

I hope all goes well with you - надеюсь, что у вас всё хорошо

if all goes well with us - если у нас всё будет благополучно

how did the voting go? - как завершилось голосование?; каковы результаты голосования?

the play went well - пьеса имела успех

nobody knows how matters will go - никто не знает, как пойдут дела

what made the party go? - что обеспечило успех вечера?

9. 1) исчезать; проходить

the clouds have gone - тучи рассеялись

money goes easily - деньги тают

the pain has gone - боль прошла

all hope is gone - исчезли все надежды

2) исчезнуть, пропасть

his hat has gone - у него исчезла /пропала/ шляпа

the key has gone somewhere - ключ куда-то запропастился

where's my pen? It's gone (off my desk) - где моя ручка? Она исчезла (с моего стола)

10. распространяться; передаваться

a rumour went through the office - по учреждению прошёл слух

the story went all over the town - история обошла весь город

11. передаваться (по телеграфу и т. п.)

telegrams go by wire - телеграммы передаются по проводам

this message will go by mail /by post, in the post/ - это сообщение пойдёт по почте

12. иметь хождение, быть в обращении

13. (обыкн. to) идти (на что-л.); брать на себя (что-л.); решаться (на что-л.)

to go to a lot of [great] trouble to do smth. - приложить много [массу] усилий, чтобы сделать что-л.

do not go to any trouble - не затрудняйте себя

he will not even go to the trouble of doing that - он не захочет даже и попытаться сделать это

to go to great expense - пойти на большие расходы

to go so far as to say that! - дойти до того, чтобы сказать это!

14. 1) податься; рухнуть; сломаться, расколоться

the platform went - трибуна рухнула /обрушилась/

first the sail went and then the mast - сперва подался парус, а затем и мачта

there goes another button! - ну вот, ещё одна пуговица отлетела!

the fuse [bulb] went - перегорела пробка [лампочка]

the engine in the old car finally went - мотор в старой машине окончательно пришёл в негодность

this stuff goes at the folds - эта материя быстро протирается на сгибах

2) потерпеть крах, обанкротиться

the bank may go any day - крах банка ожидается со дня на день

3) отменяться, уничтожаться

this clause of the bill will have to go - эта статья законопроекта должна быть отменена /не должна быть принята/

whatever is not done yet must simply go - всё, что не сделано, придётся оставить как есть

4) (обыкн. с must, can, have to) отказываться; избавляться

the car must go, we can't afford it - от машины придётся отказаться, она нам не по карману

15. 1) быть расположенным, следовать в определённом порядке

the names go in alphabetical order - фамилии идут по алфавиту

to forget how holidays go - забыть последовательность праздников

2) храниться, находиться (где-л.); становиться ( на определённое место)

where is this carpet to go? - куда постелить этот ковёр?

the shirts go in the second drawer - рубашки лежат во втором ящике

this book goes on the top shelf - эта книга всегда стоит на верхней полке

3) (into, under) умещаться, укладываться (во что-л.)

the thread is too thick to go into the needle - нитка слишком толстая, чтобы пролезть в иголку

the book will not go into my pocket - книга не влезет в мой карман

the trunk will go under the bed - чемодан уместится под кроватью

how many pints go into a gallon? - сколько пинт содержится в одном галлоне?

4) (обыкн. to) равняться

twelve inches go to one foot - один фут равняется двенадцати дюймам

twenty shillings go to one pound - в фунте стерлингов двадцать шиллингов

six into twelve goes twice - шесть содержится в двенадцати два раза

three into two won't go - два не делится на три

16. заканчиваться определённым результатом

I don't know whether the case goes for me or against me - я не знаю ещё, удастся ли мне выиграть процесс

which way will the decision go? - как всё решится?

17. 1) гласить, говорить

I don't exactly remember how the words go - я точно не помню, как это там сказано

the agreement goes as follows - в соглашении говорится следующее

how does the story go? - что там дальше в рассказе?

the story goes that he was murdered - говорят, что его убили

as the story goes - как рассказывают

as the saying goes - как говорится

2) звучать (о мелодии и т. п.)

the tune goes something like this... - вот как, примерно, звучит этот мотив

how does that song go? - напомните мне мотив этой песни

ducks go❝quack❞ - утки делают «кряк-кряк»

the guns went❝boom❞ - «бабах!» грохнули пушки [см. тж. III А 2, 4)]

18. 1) звонить

I hear the bells going - я слышу, как звонят колокола

the bell has gone - уже был звонок

2) бить, отбивать время

it has just gone six - только что пробило шесть

19. умирать, гибнуть

she is gone - она погибла, она умерла

my grandmother went peacefully in the night - моя бабушка тихо скончалась ночью

after George went, she moved into a smaller house - когда Джордж умер, она переехала в дом поменьше

he is dead and gone - разг. он уже в могиле

20. 1) пройти, быть принятым

what he says goes - его предложения принимаются

this plan will not go - план не будет принят

2) быть приемлемым

your plan goes - твой план годится

here anything goes - разг. здесь всё сойдёт; здесь ты можешь делать, что твоей душе угодно

21. разг. выдерживать, терпеть

he cannot go such doctrines - он терпеть не может подобных доктрин

I can't go modern art - я не признаю современное искусство

22. справляться, одолевать

I can't go another mouthful - я больше ни глотка ( или куска) не могу съесть

23. ходить определённым шагом

to go narrow [wide] - идти узким [широким] шагом ( о лошади)

to go above the ground - уст. ходить, высоко подымая ноги

24. спариваться

II А

1. 1) участвовать ( в доле)

to go halves [shares, snacks, амер. fifty-fifty, уст. snips], to go share and share alike - делить поровну /пополам/; принять участие наравне (с кем-л.)

2) амер. разг. ставить (какую-л. сумму); рисковать (какой-л. суммой)

how much do you go? - а) сколько вы ставите?; б) на сколько вы спорите?

he went a hundred dollars - он поставил сто долларов

I'll go you a shilling - держу с вами пари на один шиллинг

2. 1) пропадать, слабеть (о слухе, сознании и т. п.)

my sight is going - я теряю зрение

his strength is going - его силы иссякают

his mind is going - его рассудок слабеет

my voice has gone because of my cold - от простуды я потеряла голос /у меня сел голос/

she's far gone - она очень плоха

2) разг. износиться ( об одежде)

my shoes are gone - у меня порвались туфли

these shoes are going - эти ботинки уже дышат на ладан

the jacket has gone at the elbows - пиджак прохудился в локтях

3. редк.

1) сохраняться ( о пище)

butter goes better in the refrigerator - масло сохраняется лучше в холодильнике

2) носиться (о ткани, одежде и т. п.)

astrakhan goes very long - каракуль носится очень долго

4. быть ритмичными ( о стихах)

5. получать ( пособие)

to go on the parish - получать приходское пособие по бедности, жить за счёт прихожан

to go on the dole - получать пособие по бедности; перейти на пособие

to go on the relief fund - получать пособие из фонда помощи

II Б

1. to be going to do smth.

1) собираться, намереваться сделать что-л.

I am going to speak to her - я намереваюсь поговорить с ней

he is going to tell us a story - он собирается рассказать нам что-то

we were going to France but we changed our minds - мы хотели поехать во Францию, но передумали

she is going to spend holidays at a rest-home - она решила провести свои каникулы в доме отдыха

she is going to have her own way - она намерена действовать по-своему

he is not going to be cheated - он не допустит, чтобы его обманули

2) ожидаться (о каком-л. событии)

she's going to have a baby - у неё будет ребёнок

I'm going to be sick! - меня сейчас вырвет!

she felt she was going to be ill - она чувствовала, что заболевает

it is going to rain - собирается дождь

there are going to be apples for dessert - на третье будут яблоки

2. to go and do smth. разг. взять да сделать что-л.; пойти и сделать что-л.

go and see - пойди посмотри

go and shut the door - пойди закрой дверь

to go and fetch smb., smth. - сходить за кем-л., чем-л.

he went and got married - он взял да и женился

you've gone and torn my dress - ну вот, вы порвали мне платье

there now! if I haven't gone and lost my ticket! - и надо же было мне потерять билет!

3. to go about smth. /doing smth./

1) заниматься чем-л.

to go about one's business - заниматься своими обычными делами

she went about her work with energy - она энергично занималась своими делами

we must go about it carefully - а) это надо делать осторожно; б) за это надо браться осторожно

2) приниматься за что-л.

how does one go about getting seats? - что нужно делать, чтобы достать билеты /места/?

he didn't know how to go about building a boat - он не знал, как подступиться к строительству лодки

4. to go at smth. энергично взяться за что-л.

to go at a hard task - энергично взяться за трудное дело

let's go at this problem in a different way - давайте попробуем решить эту проблему по-другому

he went at his breakfast as if he'd never eaten for a week - он набросился на завтрак так, будто не ел целую неделю

5. to go at smb. набрасываться, бросаться на кого-л.

he went at me with his fists - он набросился на меня с кулаками

our dog went at the postman - наша собака набросилась на почтальона

6. to go against smth.

1) двигаться против чего-л.

to go against the tide - плыть против течения [см. тж. ♢ ]

2) идти вразрез с чем-л., противоречить чему-л.

it goes against my principles - это противоречит моим принципам

she went against her mother's wishes - она не послушалась своей матери; она поступила наперекор своей матери

3) юр. оспаривать что-л.; спорить против чего-л.

7. to go against smb. быть против кого-л.; не подходить кому-л.

fate goes against us - судьба против нас

it goes against me - это противно мне, это противоречит моим убеждениям

his appearance goes against him - у него очень невыигрышная внешность

the case may go against you - решение суда может быть не в вашу пользу

8. to go behind smth. пересматривать, рассматривать заново, изучать (основания, данные)

to go behind the evidence - проанализировать показания

9. to go beyond smth. выходить за пределы чего-л., превышать что-л.

to go beyond one's orders - превышать полномочия

10. to go by /on/ smth.

1) судить по чему-л.

to go by appearances - судить по внешности

if this is anything to go by - насколько можно по этому судить

that's nothing to go by - по этому судить нельзя

2) руководствоваться чем-л., следовать чему-л.

I go by the barometer - я руководствуюсь барометром

to go by the directions - руководствоваться инструкциями

it is a good rule to go by - вот хорошее правило, которым следует руководствоваться

don't go by that old map - не следует доверять этой старой карте

I shall go entirely by what the doctor says - я буду делать всё, что говорит врач

we were just going on what you yourself had said - мы как раз действовали в соответствии с тем, что вы сами говорили

that's all the police had to go on to catch the killer - вот и все улики, которые были у полиции и по которым она должна была поймать убийцу

11. to go after smth., smb. домогаться чего-л., кого-л.

to go after a job - добиваться места

to go after a prize - вступить в борьбу за призовое место

to go after pleasure - искать удовольствий

he is going after Jane - он ухаживает /бегает/ за Джейн

12. to go for smb.

1) разг. наброситься, обрушиться на кого-л.

suddenly the lion went for his keeper - внезапно лев набросился на служителя

the speaker went for the profiteers - оратор обрушился на спекулянтов

my wife went for me because I was late for dinner - жена выругала меня за то, что я опоздал к обеду

2) слыть кем-л.; быть принятым за кого-л.

he went for an old man among the youth - молодёжь принимала его за старика /считала его стариком/

3) разг. увлекаться кем-л.; влюбиться в кого-л.

I don't go for men of his type - мне такие мужчины, как он, не нравятся

he goes for her in a big way - он здорово втюрился в неё

13. to go for smth.

1) разг. заменить что-л., сойти за что-л.

this synthetic material may easily go for pure wool - эта искусственная ткань может легко сойти за чистую шерсть

2) стремиться к чему-л.; добиваться чего-л.

will you go for the prize? - ты будешь бороться за призовое место?

when you offer him sweets he goes for the biggest one - когда ему предлагают конфеты, он всегда тянется за самой большой

3) увлекаться чем-л.

do you go for modern music? - вы любите современную музыку?

the public goes for his ideas - его идеи привлекают общественность

14. to go for /at/ á certain sum of money продаваться по определённой цене

to go for a dollar - продаваться за доллар

to go for nothing - продаваться за бесценок [см. тж. II Б 15]

the books went for a shilling [for so little] - книги были проданы за шиллинг [так дёшево]

this goes for one shilling - это стоит один шиллинг

there were good coats going at £50 - по 50 фунтов продавали хорошие пальто

going for £10!, going!, going!, gone! - продаётся за 10 фунтов!, 10 фунтов - раз!, 10 фунтов - два!, 10 фунтов - три! продано (за 10 фунтов)

15. to go to /in/ smth. расходоваться, уходить на что-л.

half our money goes on food and clothes for the children - половина наших денег уходит на еду и одежду для детей

his time goes in watching television - он всё своё время тратит на телевизор

to go for nothing - пропасть, уйти впустую [см. тж. II Б 14]

16. to go to smth., smb.

1) обращаться к чему-л., на кого-л.

his hand went to his gun - его рука потянулась за револьвером

his eyes went to her - он взглянул на неё, он обратил свой взгляд на неё

2) прибегать к помощи; обращаться (к кому-л.)

to go to law /to court/ - обращаться в суд

to go to law with smb. - возбуждать дело в суде против кого-л.

you should go to the president - вам следует обратиться к председателю

go to Aristotle for that - вам следовало бы посмотреть у Аристотеля

to go to facts - обратиться к фактам

17. to go to smth. становиться кем-л.

to go to the bar - стать юристом

to go to sea - стать моряком

to go to the stage - стать актёром, пойти в актёры

to go to the streets - стать проституткой, пойти на панель

to go to school - ходить в школу; стать учеником, учиться в школе

to go to college [to the university] - стать [быть] студентом, учиться в колледже [в университете]

18. to go to smb.

1) быть проданным кому-л.

the house went to the one who made the highest offer - дом продали тому, кто предложил самую высокую цену

going to the gentleman in the third row! going, going, gone! - продано джентльмену в третьем ряду! продано - раз!, продано - два!, продано - три!

2) доставаться кому-л.

the first prize goes to you - вам присуждается первая премия

19. to go through smth.

1) тщательно, пункт за пунктом разбирать что-л.

let's go through the arguments again - давайте снова разберём все доводы

2) проделать, сделать что-л.

to go through a ceremony - совершить обряд

to go through one's exercises - сделать упражнения

let's go through the rehearsal without any interruptions - давайте проведём репетицию без всяких помех

3) пройти, быть принятым где-л. (о проекте, предложении)

the plan must go through several stages - план должен пройти несколько инстанций

4) испытывать что-л., подвергаться чему-л.

they went through many hardships - они испытали немало трудностей

to go through a serious operation - перенести серьёзную операцию

the country has gone through too many wars - эта страна перенесла слишком много войн

5) выдержать столько-то изданий ( о книге)

the book went through ten editions - книга выдержала десять изданий

6) обыскивать, обшаривать что-л.

he went through his pockets looking for the key - он обыскал все карманы в поисках ключа

7) растратить, израсходовать (состояние, деньги и т. п.)

he quickly went through his fortune [his savings] - он быстро растратил /промотал/ своё состояние [свои сбережения]

20. to go into smth.

1) тщательно разбирать что-л., вникать во что-л.; расследовать, рассматривать что-л.

to go deeply into a question - глубоко исследовать вопрос

to go into details /particulars/ - вдаваться в подробности

he went into an explanation - он пустился в объяснения

2) избирать (профессию и т. п.)

to go into politics - избрать политическое поприще

to go into business - избрать карьеру делового человека; стать дельцом

to go into the army - стать военным

to go into Parliament [into the Cabinet] - стать членом парламента [кабинета министров]

to go into films - посвятить себя кино

3) вступить в организацию, стать членом общества

4) надевать

she goes into woollen stockings in September - с сентября она начинает носить шерстяные чулки

to go into mourning - облачиться в траур

she went into mourning for a whole year - она целый год соблюдала траур

21. to go before /to/ smb., smth.

1) предстать перед кем-л., чем-л.

you will go before the board of directors - вы предстанете перед советом директоров

2) передавать на рассмотрение кому-л., чему-л.

your suggestion will go before the committee - о вашем предложении доложат комиссии

can this question go direct to the minister? - нельзя ли этот вопрос поставить непосредственно перед министром?

22. to go with smb.

1) сопровождать кого-л., идти вместе с кем-л.

shall I go with you? - хотите я пойду с вами?

2) быть заодно, соглашаться с кем-л.

I can't go with you on that - в этом я не могу согласиться с вами

23. to go with smth.

1) подходить к чему-л., гармонировать с чем-л.; соответствовать чему-л.

the blue scarf goes well with your blouse - этот голубой шарф красиво сочетается с вашей блузкой

salt doesn't go with tea - соль не подают к чаю

2) относиться к чему-л., быть связанным с чем-л.

five acres of land go with the house - продаётся дом с прилегающим к нему участком в пять акров

3) быть связанным с чем-л.; соответствовать чему-л.

many cares go with it - с этим связано много хлопот

the salary that goes with an office - жалованье, соответствующее занимаемой должности

24. to go without smth.

1) обходиться без чего-л.

to go without supper - обходиться без ужина

2) не иметь чего-л.

to go without money - не иметь денег, быть без денег

25. to go by /under/ á name быть известным под каким-л. именем

to go by /under/ the name of... - быть известным под именем...

he went under a pseudonym - он был известен под псевдонимом, он носил псевдоним

she went under a false name - она скрывалась под чужим именем

26. to go under smb.'s name приписываться кому-л. ( об авторстве)

that play generally goes under the name of Shakespeare - обычно эту пьесу приписывают Шекспиру

27. 1) to go to make up smth. составлять что-л., входить в состав чего-л.

items which go to make up the total - пункты, из которых складывается целое

2) to go to the making of smth., smb. быть необходимым для чего-л., кого-л.

what qualities go to the making of a pilot? - какие качества необходимы пилоту?

dressings that go to making a good salad - приправа, необходимая, чтобы приготовить вкусный салат

28. to go into á state приходить в какое-л. состояние

to go into a rage - приходить в ярость

to go into hysterics - впадать в истерику

29. to go into á condition входить в какое-л. положение

to go into anchor - мор. становиться на якорь

to go into the assault - воен. идти в атаку

to go into bivouac - воен. располагаться биваком

to go into the curve - а) войти в поворот ( бег); б) входить в вираж ( велоспорт)

30. ... as smth., smb. goes... как что-л. заведено...;... как другие

he is not bad as cooks go - как повар он не так уж плох

as things go - разг. при сложившихся обстоятельствах, как это водится, в нынешних условиях

it's cheap as these things go - по нынешним временам это дёшево

that's not bad as things go - при существующем положении вещей это не так уж плохо

31. to go to show that... свидетельствовать

it all goes to show that he cannot be trusted - всё это свидетельствует о том, что ему нельзя доверять

your behaviour goes to prove that... - ваше поведение служит доказательством того, что...

that goes to make people happier - это способствует счастью людей

32. smth. is going иметься, продаваться, подаваться и т. п.

there is a cold supper going - подают холодный ужин

come along, there are ices going - идём скорее, подают мороженое

I'll have what's going - дайте мне, что у вас есть

are there any jobs going? - здесь есть работа?

are there any houses going? - здесь продают(ся) дома?

III А

1. в сочетании с последующим герундием выражает действие, соответствующее значению герундия:

to go (out) hunting /shooting/ - отправляться /ходить/ на охоту

to go out fishing [duck-shooting] - отправляться на рыбную ловлю [охотиться на уток]

to go shopping - отправляться за покупками; ходить по магазинам

to go skating - пойти на каток

to go skiing - ходить на лыжах

don't go telling me lies - перестань(те) обманывать меня

he goes frightening people with his stories - он постоянно пугает людей своими рассказами

don't go doing that! - разг. не смей делать этого!

don't go saying that! - разг. не болтай ерунды!

2. как глагол-связка в составном именном сказуемом:

1) находиться в каком-л. положении или состоянии

to go free - быть свободным /незанятым/

to go hungry /empty/ - (вечно) быть /ходить/ голодным

to go armed - быть /ходить/ вооружённым, носить оружие

to go adrift - дрейфовать

to go deep - быть глубоким

the differences between them go deep - их разногласия имеют глубокие корни

to go in rags - ходить в лохмотьях

to go in fear (of smth.) - жить в вечном страхе (перед чем-л.)

to go strong - держаться, сохранять силу, не сдаваться

to be six months gone (with child) - быть на седьмом месяце (беременности)

to go with young - находиться в состоянии беременности ( о животном)

to go native см. native II 2

2) делаться, становиться

to go bad - испортиться; сгнить, прогнить, протухнуть

the milk went sour - молоко скисло

to go blind - ослепнуть

to go dry - высыхать, становиться сухим [см. тж. ♢ ]

she /her hair/ is going grey - она седеет

the school has gone independent - эта школа стала частной

to go wild - взбеситься

to go mad /mental/ - сойти с ума

to go queer in the head - а) помешаться; б) почувствовать головокружение

to go green with envy - позеленеть от зависти

he went white with anger - он побелел от злости

to go wrong - а) сбиться с пути, встать на ложный путь; ошибаться; поступать неправильно; б) не выйти, не получиться; в) испортиться, перестать работать; разладиться; г) испортиться, протухнуть ( о пище)

the waves went very high - на море началось сильное волнение

to go hot and cold - краснеть и бледнеть

he went hot and cold - его бросало то в жар, то в холод

I went cold all over - я промёрз до костей

she is going fifteen - ей (идёт) пятнадцатый год

he has gone forty - ему уже сорок

a man gone ninety years of age - человек, которому за 90

to go Conservative - стать /сделаться/ консерватором

to go apprentice - сделаться подмастерьем /учеником/

3) оставаться в каком-л. положении

to go unpunished - быть /оставаться/ безнаказанным

to go free /scot-free/ - оставаться свободным

her complaints went unnoticed - на её жалобы не обращали внимания

4) издавать внезапный или отчётливый звук

to go bang - хлопнуть

to go pop - выстрелить, грохнуть, бахнуть

to go smash - с треском врезаться

to go snap - треснуть; с треском сломаться

to go flop - а) хлопнуться, плюхнуться; б) потерпеть неудачу, провалиться

to go fut, to go phut - а) лопнуть; б) сорваться, провалиться, лопнуть; потерпеть крах, неудачу; кончиться ничем; в) испортиться, сломаться

to go patter - а) стучать ( о каплях дождя); б) семенить ножками ( о ребёнке)

to go clatter - цокать (копытами)

♢

to go to bed /to sleep/ - ложиться спать

to go to bye-bye - детск. идти бай-бай

to go the round of - а) совершать обход; б) циркулировать (о слухах и т. п.); переходить или передаваться из уст в уста

to go foreign - мор. жарг. уйти в заграничное плавание

to go far - а) хватить надолго; those potatoes won't go far when there are 10 people to feed - картофеля надолго не хватит, раз надо кормить целых десять человек; б) зайти далеко; перейти границы (принятого, допустимого); you've gone too far! - ну, это ты хватил!, в) многого добиться; the boy is clever and will go far - мальчик умный и многого добьётся

to go a long /good, great/ way - а) далеко пойти; б) далеко зайти, хватить через край; в) хватить надолго, быть достаточным (о деньгах, продуктах)

far gone - а) в последней стадии ( болезни); б) совершенно безумный; в) сильно пьяный; опьяневший

far gone in love - безумно влюблённый

far gone in grief - убитый горем

as /so/ far as it goes - поскольку дело касается, что касается, что до

it will go hard /ill/ with him - ему придётся плохо /туго/

to go smb. better - превзойти /перещеголять, затмить/ кого-л.

to go dry - амер. а) запретить продажу спиртных напитков; б) отказаться от употребления спиртных напитков; стать трезвенником; [см. тж. III А 2, 2)]

to go wet - амер. а) разрешить продажу спиртных напитков; б) начать пить

to go steady - иметь постоянного возлюбленного /-ую возлюбленную/

to go bail - а) юр. становиться поручителем, поручиться или внести залог (за кого-л.); б) разг. ручаться

go bail that... - ручаюсь, что...

to go downhill - а) катиться по наклонной плоскости; б) ухудшаться (о здоровье, материальном положении)

to go abroad - получить известность [см. тж. I 2], распространиться ( о слухах)

a rumour has gone abroad - прошёл слух

to go to the country - распустить парламент и назначить новые выборы [см. тж. I 2]

to go to Canossa - пойти в Каноссу, публично унижаться (перед кем-л.), испрашивая прощение

to let /to leave/ go - а) выпускать из рук; б) (от)пускать, выпускать; освобождать; let me go! - отпустите меня!; в) пропускать; г) перестать думать, выбросить из головы

let it go at that! - довольно!, будет!, пусть это так и останется!

I've let my music go - я запустил музыку, я перестал заниматься музыкой

to let judgement go by default - юр. заочно решить в пользу истца ( ввиду неявки ответчика)

go easy /slow/! - осторожнее!, потише! [ср. тж. I 1]

to go easy on smth. - амер. быть тактичным в отношении чего-л.; проявлять осторожность в отношении чего-л.

to go solid - амер. полит. жарг. придерживаться одного мнения, действовать единодушно

to be going some - амер. быстро /успешно/ продвигаться вперёд

to be going strong - а) быть полным сил; процветать; б) поступать безрассудно /опрометчиво/

to go one's (own) way /gate/ - идти своим путём, действовать самостоятельно, поступать по-своему

to go with the current /the tide, the stream, the crowd/ - плыть по течению

to go with the times /the tides/ - идти в ногу со временем

to go against the stream /the tide/ - а) идти /плыть/ против течения; б) работать в неблагоприятных условиях; действовать, преодолевая сопротивление /оппозицию/; [см. тж. II Б 6 1)]

to go on one's marks - спорт. выходить на старт

as you go!, as she goes! - мор. так держать!

to go down the drain - быть истраченным впустую [см. тж. drain I ♢ ]

to go over the top - а) воен. разг. идти в атаку ( из траншей); б) ринуться в атаку, начать решительно действовать, сделать решительный шаг

to let oneself go - дать волю своим чувствам; разойтись, увлечься

to go off the deep end - а) волноваться, приходить в возбуждение; б) амер. действовать сгоряча, принять необдуманное решение

to go out of one's mind /senses/ - а) сойти с ума, рехнуться, лишиться рассудка; б) быть вне себя от волнения

to go off one's head /груб. chump, nut/, to go round the bend - сойти с ума, помешаться, рехнуться, спятить; обезуметь, вести себя как безумный

to go off the handle - выйти из себя

to go off at a tangent - сорваться, странно себя повести или высказаться

to go off the hooks - а) умереть, протянуть ноги; б) сойти с ума, рехнуться, спятить; в) сбиться с пути, свихнуться

to go out of the world - умереть, покинуть бренный мир

to go hence - отправиться на тот свет

to go the way of all the earth /flesh/, to go beyond the veil, to go home, to go to one's last /long/ home, to go to glory, to go to heaven, to go to one's long rest, to go to one's own place, to go over to the majority умереть, скончаться, разделить участь всех смертных, отправиться на тот свет, отправиться к праотцам, уйти на покой, покинуть этот бренный мир

to go to one's account - покончить счёты с жизнью

to go west - а) закатываться ( о солнце); б) умереть, скончаться; в) исчезнуть, пропасть

to go (all) to pieces /rack and ruin, smash/ - а) развалиться; разбиться вдребезги, разлететься на части /на куски/; б) подорвать своё здоровье, выйти из строя; в) обанкротиться; вылететь в трубу; трещать по всем швам; г) погибнуть, пропасть

to go to blazes /to hell, to pot, to the devil, to the dogs/, to go to pigs and whistles - разориться; погибнуть; вылететь в трубу; провалиться, пойти ко всем чертям, пойти прахом

go to blazes /to Bath, to hell, to Jericho, to pot, to the devil, to thunder, to Hanover, to Halifax, to Putney, to Tunbridge, to grass/! - пошёл к чёрту!, убирайся к чёрту!

he can go hang - он может убираться ко всем чертям

go fly a kite!, go jump in the lake!, go lay an egg!, go lay a brick!, go sit on a tack - амер. груб. проваливай!, не мешай!

to go the pace - а) мчаться, нестись во весь опор; б) прожигать жизнь, вести бурный образ жизни

to go all out - а) напрягать все силы, стараться изо всех сил; ≅ из кожи вон лезть; б) бежать изо всех сил

to go out of hand - а) выходить из повиновения; б) действовать тотчас же /немедленно, без подготовки/; в) амер. действовать опрометчиво /необдуманно, неосторожно/; проявлять несдержанность; г) завершать, оканчивать

to go all /to great/ lengths - идти на всё

to go the whole hog - а) делать (что-л.) основательно, доводить ( дело) до конца; б) ни перед чем не останавливаться, идти на всё

to go (home) to smb.'s heart - опечалить /огорчить/ кого-л.

to go home - а) доходить до сердца; найти отклик в душе; б) доходить до сознания

to go on a bat /the batter, the bend, the bust, the spree, the razzle-dazzle/ - закутить, запить, загулять

you may go farther and fare worse см. fare II ♢

go while the going's good - убирайтесь подобру-поздорову /пока не поздно/

to go it - а) действовать энергично; прилагать все усилия; б) говорить очень откровенно; в) обрушивать артиллерийский огонь

go it! - ≅ давай, давай!, валяй! ( выражает поощрение к действию)

to go it alone - действовать в одиночку, брать на себя всю ответственность

if no one can help, I'll go it alone - если никто не может помочь, я буду действовать сам /я сделаю всё сам/

to go it blind - действовать вслепую; поступать опрометчиво

go fetch! - взять! ( приказание собаке)

go along with you! - а) проваливайте!; убирайтесь; б) хватит!, не несите вздора!

there you go! - ну (вот) поехал(а)!, опять (выражает досаду, недовольство)

there he [she] goes! - ≅ полюбуйтесь на него [на неё]!, хорош [хороша]!, как разошёлся [разошлась]!, нечего сказать!, ну и картина! ( восклицание удивления или неодобрения)

don't you go all polite on me! - откуда такая вежливость?

there it goes! - ≅ смотри(те)!, слушай(те)! (восклицание, чтобы привлечь внимание слушателя)

here goes! - а) ну, начали!; б) была не была!

go by! - карт. пас!

that /it/ goes for all of us - тут мы все заодно; мы все так считаем /думаем/

it /that/ goes without saying - само собой разумеется, совершенно очевидно

how goes it? - как дела?; как поживаете?; что слышно новенького?

how goes the world with you? - как идут у вас дела?

to go a-begging /begging/ - а) не иметь спроса /рынка/; б) быть вакантным ( о должности)

to go a-wool-gathering - быть рассеянным, витать в облаках

to go against the grain /the hair/ - быть не по вкусу /не по душе, не по нутру/; раздражать

to go to seed - а) пойти в семена; перестать развиваться; б) прийти в упадок; в) морально опуститься

her tongue goes nineteen to the dozen - она трещит без умолку

it goes like this - дело обстоит так

go like this with your left foot! - сделай левой ногой так!

to go like blazes - мчаться, нестись во весь опор

to go like sixty /split/ - амер. мчаться, нестись во весь опор

НБАРС > go
8 go

go [gəʊ]

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1. intransitive verb

2. modal verb

3. transitive verb

4. noun

5. compounds

6. Phrasal Verbs

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► vb: 3rd pers sg pres goes, pret went, ptp gone

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► When go is part of a set combination, eg go cheap, go too far, look up the other word.

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1. intransitive verb

   a. ( = move) aller

• where are you going? où allez-vous ?

• he's gone to see his mother il est allé voir sa mère

• I wouldn't go as far as to say that je n'irais pas jusque là

• there he goes! le voilà !

• you can go next allez-y(, je vous en prie) !

► to go + preposition

• the train goes at 90km/h le train roule à 90 km/h

• to go down the hill descendre la colline

• to go for a walk aller se promener

• where do we go from here? qu'est-ce qu'on fait maintenant ?

• to go on a journey faire un voyage

• to go to France/to London aller en France/à Londres

• to go to the swimming pool aller à la piscine

• to go to the doctor's aller chez le médecin

• to go to sb for sth aller demander qch à qn

• to go up the hill monter la colline► to go + -ing

• to go fishing aller à la pêche

• to go riding (aller) faire du cheval

• to go swimming (aller) nager► go and...

• I'll go and check the train times je vais vérifier les horaires de trains

• go and get me it! va me le chercher !

• don't go and tell her I gave it you (inf) ne va pas lui dire que je te l'ai donné

• now you've gone and broken it! (inf) ça y est, tu l'as cassé !

   b. ( = depart) partir ; ( = disappear) disparaître ; [time] passer ; ( = be sacked) être licencié

• when does the train go? quand part le train ?

• everybody had gone tout le monde était parti

• my bag has gone mon sac a disparu

• we must be going il faut qu'on y aille

• go! (at beginning of race) partez !

• after I've gone ( = left) après mon départ ; ( = died) quand je ne serai plus là

• after a week all our money had gone en l'espace d'une semaine, nous avions dépensé tout notre argent

• he'll have to go [employee] on ne peut pas le garder

• the car will have to go on va devoir se séparer de la voiture

• there goes my chance of promotion! je peux faire une croix sur ma promotion !

• going, going, gone! une fois, deux fois, trois fois, adjugé, vendu !

► to let sb go ( = allow to leave) laisser partir qn ; ( = make redundant) se séparer de qn ; ( = stop gripping) lâcher qn

• to let o.s. go se laisser aller► to let go lâcher prise

• let go! lâchez !

• to let go of sth/sb lâcher qch/qn

• eventually parents have to let go of their children tôt ou tard, les parents doivent laisser leurs enfants voler de leurs propres ailes► to let sth go

• they have let their garden go ils ont laissé leur jardin à l'abandon

• we'll let it go at that n'en parlons plus

   c. ( = start) [car, machine] démarrer ; ( = function) [machine, watch, car] marcher

• how do you make this go? comment est-ce que ça marche ?

• to be going [machine, engine] être en marche

• it won't go ça ne marche pas

► to get going [person] ( = leave)

let's get going! allons-y ! ; ( = start) to get going with sth s'occuper de qch

• once he gets going... une fois lancé...

• to get a machine going mettre une machine en marche

• to get things going activer les choses► to keep going ( = continue) [person] continuer ; [business] se maintenir

• the police signalled her to stop but she kept going la police lui a fait signe de s'arrêter mais elle a continué son chemin

• this hope kept her going cet espoir lui a permis de tenir

• a cup of coffee is enough to keep her going all morning elle réussit à tenir toute la matinée avec un café

   d. ( = begin) there he goes again! le voilà qui recommence !

• here goes! (inf) allez, on y va !

   e. ( = progress) aller, marcher

• the project was going well le projet marchait bien

• how's it going? (comment) ça va ?

• the way things are going si ça continue comme ça

• all went well for him until... tout s'est bien passé pour lui jusqu'au moment où...

• add the sugar, stirring as you go ajoutez le sucre, en remuant au fur et à mesure

   f. ( = turn out) [events] se passer

• how did your holiday go? comment se sont passées tes vacances ?

• the evening went very well la soirée s'est très bien passée

• let's wait and see how things go attendons de voir ce qui va se passer

• that's the way things go, I'm afraid c'est malheureux mais c'est comme ça

   g. ( = become) devenir

• have you gone mad? tu es devenu fou ?

• she went pale elle est devenue pâle

• the biscuits have gone soft les biscuits ont ramolli

• the lights went red les feux sont passés au rouge

   h. ( = fail) [fuse] sauter ; [bulb] griller ; [material] être usé ; [sight] baisser ; [strength] manquer

• his mind is going il n'a plus toute sa tête

• my voice is going je n'ai presque plus de voix

• the lining's going la doublure est usée

   i. ( = be sold) how much do you think the house will go for? combien crois-tu que la maison va être vendue ?

• it went for $550 c'est parti à 550 dollars

   j. ( = be given) [prize, reward, inheritance] revenir (to à)

   k. ( = be accepted) the story goes that... le bruit court que...

• anything goes these days (inf) tout est permis de nos jours

• that goes without saying cela va sans dire

• what he says goes c'est lui qui fait la loi

   l. ( = apply) that goes for you too c'est valable pour toi aussi

• that goes for me too ( = I agree with that) je suis aussi de cet avis

• as far as your suggestion goes... pour ce qui est de ta suggestion...

► as far as it goes

• this explanation is fine, as far as it goes cette explication vaut ce qu'elle vaut

   m. ( = available) are there any jobs going? y a-t-il des postes vacants ?

• there just aren't any jobs going il n'y a pas de travail

• is there any coffee going? est-ce qu'il y a du café ?

• I'll have whatever's going donnez-moi ce qu'il y a

   n. [tune] the tune goes like this voici l'air

• I don't know how the song goes je ne connais pas cette chanson

   o. ( = make sound or movement) faire ; [bell, clock] sonner

• go like that with your left foot faites comme ça avec votre pied gauche

   p. ( = serve) the money will go to compensate the victims cet argent servira à dédommager les victimes

• the qualities that go to make a great man les qualités qui font un grand homme

   q. (implying comparison)

► as... go

• he's not bad, as estate agents go il n'est pas mauvais pour un agent immobilier

   r. ( = elapse) there is a week to go before the election il reste une semaine avant les élections

   s. (US = take away) to go [food] à emporter

2. modal verb

(indicating future)

► to be going to + infinitive aller

• I'm going to phone him this afternoon je vais l'appeler cet après-midi

• it's going to rain il va pleuvoir

• I was just going to do it j'allais le faire

• I was going to do it yesterday but I forgot j'avais l'intention de le faire hier mais j'ai oublié

3. transitive verb

   a. ( = travel) [+ distance] faire

• we had gone only 3km nous n'avions fait que 3 km

► to go it alone se débrouiller tout seul

► to go one better aller encore plus loin

   b. ( = make sound) faire

• he went "psst" « psst » fit-il

4. noun

(plural goes)

   a. ( = motion) (inf) it's all go! ça n'arrête pas !

• to be always on the go être toujours sur la brèche

• to keep sb on the go ne pas laisser souffler qn

• he's got two projects on the go at the moment il a deux projets en chantier actuellement

   b. ( = attempt) (inf) coup m

• at one or a go d'un seul coup

• it's your go (in games) c'est ton tour

► to have a go ( = try) essayer

• to have a go at sth essayer de faire qch

• to have another go réessayer

• to have a go at sb (verbally) s'en prendre à qn (inf) ; (physically) se jeter sur qn

   c. ( = success) to make a go of sth réussir qch

• they tried to make a go of their marriage ils ont essayé de donner une chance à leur couple

5. compounds

► go-ahead adjective (British) dynamique noun

• to give sb the go-ahead (to do) (inf) donner le feu vert à qn (pour faire) ► go-between noun intermédiaire mf

► go-cart noun kart m

► go-carting noun karting m

► go-getter (inf) noun fonceur (inf) m, - euse (inf) f

► go-getting (inf) adjective

[person] fonceur (inf) ; [approach, attitude] de battant

► go-kart noun = go-cart

► go-karting noun = go-carting

► go-slow noun (British) grève f perlée

► go-to adjective [person]

the go-to guy on the team le type sur lequel on peut compter dans l'équipe

6. Phrasal Verbs

► go about

1. intransitive verb

   a. aller

• to go about barefoot se promener pieds nus

• they go about in gangs ils vont en bandes

• he goes about telling people what to do il est toujours à dire aux gens ce qu'il faut faire

   b. [rumour] courir

2. inseparable transitive verb

   a. [+ task, duties] he went about the task methodically il s'y est pris de façon méthodique

• he doesn't know how to go about it il ne sait pas s'y prendre

• how does one go about getting seats? comment fait-on pour avoir des places ?

   b. ( = be occupied with) to go about one's business vaquer à ses affaires► go across

1. intransitive verb

( = cross) traverser

• she went across to Mrs. Smith's elle est allée en face chez Mme Smith

2. inseparable transitive verb

[+ river, road] traverser

► go after inseparable transitive verb

( = follow) suivre ; ( = attack) attaquer

• go after him! suivez-le !

• to go after a job poser sa candidature à un poste► go against inseparable transitive verb

   a. ( = prove hostile to) [vote, judgement, decision] être défavorable à

• the decision went against him la décision lui a été défavorable

• everything began to go against us tout se liguait contre nous

   b. ( = oppose) aller à l'encontre de

• conditions which went against national interests des conditions qui allaient à l'encontre des intérêts nationaux

• to go against public opinion aller à contre-courant de l'opinion publique

• to go against sb's wishes s'opposer à la volonté de qn

• it goes against my principles c'est contre mes principes► go ahead intransitive verb passer devant ; [event] avoir (bien) lieu ; [work] avancer

• go ahead! allez-y !

• the exhibition will go ahead as planned l'exposition aura lieu comme prévu

• to go ahead with a plan mettre un plan à exécution► go along intransitive verb aller

• why don't you go along too? pourquoi n'iriez-vous pas aussi ?

• I'll tell you as we go along je vous le dirai en cours de route

• I check as I go along je vérifie au fur et à mesure

• to go along with sb aller avec qn ; ( = agree with) être d'accord avec qn

• I can't go along with that at all je ne suis pas du tout d'accord là-dessus► go around intransitive verb

   a. = go about ; go round

   b. what goes around comes around tout finit par se payer► go away intransitive verb partir ; (on holiday) partir (en vacances) ; [pain] disparaître

• we need to go away and think about this nous devons prendre le temps d'y réfléchir► go back intransitive verb

   a. ( = return) retourner

• we went back to the beach after lunch nous sommes retournés à la plage après le déjeuner

• it's getting dark, shall we go back? il commence à faire nuit, on rentre ?

• to go back to a point revenir sur un point

• to go back to the beginning revenir au début

• to go back to work reprendre le travail

   b. ( = retreat) reculer

   c. (in time) remonter

• my memories don't go back that far mes souvenirs ne remontent pas aussi loin

• we go back a long way on se connaît depuis longtemps

   d. ( = revert) revenir (to à)

• I don't want to go back to the old system je ne veux pas revenir à l'ancien système

• to go back to one's former habits retomber dans ses anciennes habitudes

   e. ( = extend) s'étendre

• the cave goes back 300 metres la grotte fait 300 mètres de long► go back on inseparable transitive verb

[+ decision, promise] revenir sur

► go before intransitive verb

( = happen earlier)

everything that went before tout ce qui s'est passé avant

• to go before a court comparaître devant un tribunal► go by

1. intransitive verb

[person] passer ; [period of time] (se) passer

• we've let the opportunity go by nous avons laissé passer l'occasion

• as time goes by avec le temps

• in days gone by dans le temps jadis

2. inseparable transitive verb

( = judge by) if first impressions are anything to go by s'il faut se fier à sa première impression

• that's nothing to go by ce n'est pas une référence

• to go by appearances juger d'après les apparences

► go down intransitive verb

   a. ( = descend) descendre ; ( = fall) tomber ; ( = sink) couler ; [plane] s'écraser

• we watched the sun go down nous avons regarder le soleil se coucher

   b. ( = be swallowed) it went down the wrong way j'ai (or il a etc) avalé de travers

   c. ( = be accepted) I wonder how that will go down with her parents je me demande comment ses parents vont prendre ça

• to go down well/badly être bien/mal accueilli

• it went down well ça a bien passé

   d. [value, price, standards] baisser

• the house has gone down in value la maison s'est dépréciée

   e. ( = be relegated) être relégué

   f. [stage curtain] tomber ; [theatre lights] s'éteindre

   g. ( = go as far as) aller

• go down to the bottom of the page allez au bas de la page

   h. [balloon, tyre] se dégonfler

• my ankle's OK, the swelling has gone down ma cheville va bien, elle a désenflé► go down as inseparable transitive verb

( = be regarded as) être considéré comme ; ( = be remembered as) passer à la postérité comme

• the victory will go down as one of the highlights of the year cette victoire restera dans les mémoires comme l'un des grands moments de l'année► go down with (inf) inseparable transitive verb

[+ illness] attraper

► go for inseparable transitive verb

   a. ( = attack) attaquer

• he went for me with a knife il m'a attaqué avec un couteau

   b. ( = like) (inf) she went for him in a big way elle en pinçait (inf) pour lui

• I don't go for that sort of talk je n'aime pas qu'on parle comme ça

   c. ( = strive for) essayer d'avoir ; ( = choose) choisir

• go for it! (inf) vas-y !

• I decided to go for it (inf) j'ai décidé de tenter le coup

   d. he's got a lot going for him (inf) il a beaucoup d'atouts

• the theory has a lot going for it cette théorie a de nombreux mérites► go forward intransitive verb

   a. ( = move ahead) avancer ; [economy] progresser

   b. ( = take place) avoir lieu

   c. ( = continue) maintenir

• if they go forward with these proposals s'ils maintiennent ces propositions► go in intransitive verb

   a. ( = enter) entrer

• they went in by the back door ils sont entrés par la porte de derrière

• I must go in now il faut que je rentre maintenant

   b. ( = attack) attaquer

   c. [sun] se cacher► go in for inseparable transitive verb

   a. [+ examination] se présenter à ; [+ position, job] poser sa candidature à ; [+ competition, race] prendre part à

   b. [+ sport] pratiquer ; [+ hobby] se livrer à ; [+ style] affectionner ; [+ medicine, accounting, politics] faire

• I don't go in for bright colours je ne raffole pas des couleurs vives

• he doesn't go in for reading much il n'aime pas beaucoup lire► go into inseparable transitive verb

   a. [+ profession, field] he doesn't want to go into industry il ne veut pas travailler dans l'industrie

   b. ( = embark on) [+ explanation] se lancer dans

• he went into a long explanation il s'est lancé dans une longue explication

• to go into details rentrer dans les détails

• let's not go into that now laissons cela pour le moment

   c. ( = investigate) étudier

• this matter is being gone into on étudie la question

• we haven't got time to go into that nous n'avons pas le temps de nous pencher sur ce problème

• to go into a question in detail approfondir une question

   d. ( = be devoted to) être investi dans

• a lot of money went into the research on a investi beaucoup d'argent dans la recherche► go off

1. intransitive verb

   a. ( = leave) partir

   b. [alarm clock] sonner ; [alarm] se déclencher

• the gun didn't go off le coup n'est pas parti

   c. [light, radio, TV] s'éteindre ; [heating] s'arrêter

   d. (British) [meat] s'avarier ; [milk] tourner ; [butter] rancir

   e. [event] se passer

• the evening went off very well la soirée s'est très bien passée

2. inseparable transitive verb

(British) (inf) I'm starting to go off the idea ça ne me dit plus grand-chose

• I've gone off skiing le ski ne me tente plus beaucoup

• I used to like him, but I've gone off him lately je l'aimais bien mais depuis un certain temps il m'agace► go off with inseparable transitive verb partir avec

• his wife went off with another man sa femme est partie avec un autre homme► go on

1. intransitive verb

   a. ( = proceed on one's way) (without stopping) poursuivre son chemin ; (after stopping) continuer sa route ; (by car) reprendre la route

   b. ( = continue) continuer ( doing à faire)

• to go on speaking continuer à parler ; (after pause) reprendre (la parole)

• go on with your work continuez votre travail

• go on trying! essaie encore !

• go on! continuez !

• go on with you! (inf) à d'autres ! (inf)

• if you go on doing that, you'll get into trouble si tu continues, tu vas avoir des ennuis

• that's enough to be going on with ça suffit pour l'instant

• the rioting went on all night les émeutes ont duré toute la nuit

• life went on uneventfully la vie poursuivit son cours paisiblement

   c. ( = talk) (inf) to go on about sth ne pas arrêter de parler de qch

• don't go on about it! ça va, j'ai compris !

• he goes on and on about it il n'arrête pas d'en parler

   d. ( = nag) (inf) to go on at sb s'en prendre à qn

• she went on and on at him elle n'a pas cessé de s'en prendre à lui

• she's always going on at him about doing up the kitchen elle n'arrête pas de le harceler pour qu'il refasse la cuisine

   e. ( = proceed) passer

• to go on to another matter passer à un autre sujet

• he went on to say that... puis il a dit que...

• he retired from football and went on to become a journalist il a abandonné le football et est devenu journaliste

   f. ( = happen) se dérouler ; (for a stated time) durer

• several matches were going on at the same time plusieurs matchs se déroulaient en même temps

• how long has this been going on? depuis combien de temps est-ce que ça dure ?

• while this was going on pendant ce temps

• what's going on here? qu'est-ce qui se passe ici ?

   g. ( = pass) things got easier as time went on avec le temps les choses sont devenues plus faciles

• as the day went on he became more and more anxious au fil des heures, il devenait de plus en plus inquiet

   h. ( = behave) (inf) that's no way to go on c'est une conduite inacceptable !

• what a way to go on! en voilà des manières !

   i. ( = progress) [person, patient] aller

• how is he going on? comment va-t-il ?

   j. ( = approach) (inf) she's going on 50 elle va sur la cinquantaine

• Ann's 25 going on 50 Ann a 25 ans mais on lui en donnerait 50

2. inseparable transitive verb

( = be guided by) we don't have much to go on yet nous n'avons pas beaucoup d'indices pour l'instant► go on for inseparable transitive verb

• it's going on for 100km c'est à une centaine de kilomètres► go out intransitive verb

   a. ( = leave) sortir

• to go out of a room sortir d'une pièce

• to go out shopping aller faire des courses

• to go out for a meal aller au restaurant

• he goes out a lot il sort beaucoup

• she doesn't go out with him any more elle ne sort plus avec lui

• most mothers have to go out to work la plupart des mères de famille doivent travailler

   b. [fire, light] s'éteindre

   c. ( = travel) aller (to à)

• she went out to Bangkok elle est allée à Bangkok

   d. [sea] se retirer ; [tide] descendre

   e. my heart went out to him j'ai été vraiment désolé pour lui

   f. [invitation] être envoyé ; [radio programme, TV programme] être diffusé

• an appeal has gone out for people to give blood un appel a été lancé pour encourager les dons de sang

• the programme goes out on Friday evenings l'émission passe le vendredi soir

   g. (Sport) ( = be eliminated) être éliminé► go over

1. intransitive verb

   a. ( = cross) aller

• to go over to France aller en France

• she went over to Mrs Smith's elle est allée chez Mme Smith

• the ball went over into the field le ballon est passé par-dessus et est tombé dans le champ

   b. ( = be overturned) se retourner

2. inseparable transitive verb

   a. ( = examine) [+ accounts, report] vérifier

• to go over a house visiter une maison

• I went over his essay with him j'ai regardé sa dissertation avec lui

   b. ( = review) [+ speech] revoir ; [+ facts, points] récapituler

• to go over the events of the day repasser les événements de la journée

• let's go over the facts again récapitulons les faits► go over to inseparable transitive verb passer à

• we're going over to a new system nous passons à un nouveau système

• to go over to the enemy passer à l'ennemi► go round intransitive verb

   a. ( = turn) tourner

• my head is going round j'ai la tête qui tourne

   b. to go round to sb's house aller chez qn

   c. ( = be sufficient) suffire (pour tout le monde)

• there's enough food to go round il y a assez à manger pour tout le monde

• to make the money go round joindre les deux bouts (inf)

   d. ( = circulate) [document, story] circuler

• there's a rumour going round that... le bruit court que...

   e. = go about► go through

1. intransitive verb

( = be agreed) [proposal] être accepté ; [business deal] être conclu

• the deal did not go through l'affaire n'a pas été conclue

2. inseparable transitive verb

   a. ( = suffer, endure) endurer

• after all he's gone through après tout ce qu'il a enduré

• he's going through a very difficult time il traverse une période difficile

   b. ( = examine) [+ list] examiner ; [+ book] parcourir ; [+ mail] regarder ; [+ subject, plan] étudier ; [+ one's pockets] fouiller dans

• I went through my drawers looking for a pair of socks j'ai cherché une paire de chaussettes dans mes tiroirs

• I went through his essay with him j'ai regardé sa dissertation avec lui

   c. ( = use up) [+ money] dépenser ; ( = wear out) user

   d. ( = carry out) [+ routine, course of study] suivre ; [+ formalities] accomplir ; [+ apprenticeship] faire► go through with inseparable transitive verb

( = persist with) [+ plan, threat] mettre à exécution

• in the end she couldn't go through with it en fin de compte elle n'a pas pu le faire► go together intransitive verb

[colours, flavours] aller (bien) ensemble ; [events, conditions, ideas] aller de pair

► go under intransitive verb

   a. ( = sink) [ship, person] couler

   b. ( = fail) [person, business] faire faillite► go up

1. intransitive verb

   a. monter

• when the curtain goes up lorsque le rideau se lève

• to go up in price augmenter

• to go up a class passer dans la classe supérieure

   b. ( = approach) I wanted to go up and talk to him je voulais m'approcher de lui et lui parler

• a man went up to him and asked him the time un homme s'est approché et lui a demandé l'heure

2. inseparable transitive verb

[+ hill] gravir

• to go up the stairs monter l'escalier

• to go up the street remonter la rue► go with inseparable transitive verb

   a. [circumstances, event, conditions] aller (de pair) avec

• ill health goes with poverty la pauvreté et la mauvaise santé vont de pair

• the house goes with the job le logement va avec le poste

   b. [colours] aller bien avec ; [furnishings] être assorti à ; [behaviour, opinions] cadrer avec

• I want a hat to go with my coat je cherche un chapeau assorti à mon manteau► go without

1. intransitive verb

se priver de tout

• mothers feed their children and go without themselves les mères nourrissent leurs enfants et se privent elles-mêmes de tout

2. inseparable transitive verb

se priver de

* * *
[gəʊ] 1.
intransitive verb (3^e pers sg prés goes; prét went; pp gone)

1) (move, travel) aller ( from de; to à, en)

to go to Paris — aller à Paris

to go to Wales/to California — aller au Pays de Galles/en Californie

to go to town/to the country — aller en ville/à la campagne

they went home — ils sont rentrés chez eux

to go up/down/across — monter/descendre/traverser

I went into the room — je suis entré dans la pièce

to go by bus/train — voyager en bus/train

to go by ou past — [person, vehicle] passer

that car's going very fast! — cette voiture roule très vite!

there he goes again! — ( that's him again) le revoilà!; fig ( he's starting again) le voilà qui recommence!

where do we go from here? — fig et maintenant qu'est-ce qu'on fait?

2) (on specific errand, activity) aller

to go shopping — aller faire des courses

to go on a journey/on holiday — partir en voyage/en vacances

to go for a drink — aller prendre un verre

3) ( attend) aller

to go to school/work — aller à l'école/au travail

to go to the doctor's — aller chez le médecin

4) ( used as auxiliary with present participle)

she went running up the stairs — elle a monté l'escalier en courant

5) ( depart) partir

6) euph ( die) mourir, disparaître

when I am gone — quand je ne serai plus là

7) ( disappear) partir

the money goes on school fees — l'argent part en frais de scolarité

the money has all gone — il ne reste plus d'argent

I left my bike outside and now it's gone — j'ai laissé mon vélo dehors et il n'est plus là

there goes my chance of winning! — c'en est fait de mes chances de gagner!

8) (be sent, transmitted)

it can't go by post — on ne peut pas l'envoyer par la poste

these proposals will go before parliament — ces propositions seront soumises au parlement

9) ( become)

to go red — rougir

to go white — blanchir

to go mad — devenir fou/folle

10) ( change over to new system)

to go Labour — Politics [country, constituency] voter travailliste

to go metric — adopter le système m étrique

11) (be, remain)

the people went hungry — les gens n'avaient rien à manger

we went for two days without food — nous avons passé deux jours sans rien manger

to go unnoticed — passer inaperçu

the question went unanswered — la question est restée sans réponse

he was allowed to go free — il a été libéré

12) (weaken, become impaired)

his memory is going — il perd la mémoire

his hearing is going — il devient sourd

my voice is going — je n'ai plus de voix

the battery is going — la batterie est presque à plat

13) ( of time)

there are only three days to go before Christmas — il ne reste plus que trois jours avant Noël

how's the time going? — quelle heure est-il?

it's just gone seven o'clock — il est sept heures passées

14) ( be got rid of)

he'll have to go! — il va falloir qu'on se débarrasse de lui!

the car will have to go — il va falloir vendre la voiture

either she goes or I do! — c'est elle ou moi!

six down and four to go! — six de faits, et encore quatre à faire!

15) (operate, function) [vehicle, machine, clock] marcher, fonctionner

to set [something] going — mettre [quelque chose] en marche

to get going — [engine, machine] se mettre en marche; fig [business] démarrer

to get the fire going — allumer le feu

to keep going — [person, business, machine] se maintenir

we have several projects going at the moment — nous avons plusieurs projets en route en ce moment

16) ( start)

let's get going! — allons-y!

to get things going — mettre les choses en train

here goes! —

here we go! — c'est parti!

once he gets going, he never stops — une fois lancé, il n'arrête pas

17) ( lead) aller, conduire (to à)

the road goes down/goes up — la route descend/monte

18) ( extend in depth or scope)

the roots go very deep — les racines s'enfoncent très profondément

these habits go very deep — ces habitudes sont profondément ancrées

it's true as far as it goes — c'est vrai dans un sens

a hundred pounds doesn't go far these days — on ne va pas loin avec cent livres sterling de nos jours

this goes a long way towards explaining his attitude — ceci explique en grande partie son attitude

you can make £5 go a long way — on peut faire beaucoup de choses avec 5 livres sterling

19) (belong, be placed) aller

the suitcases will have to go in the back — il va falloir mettre les valises derrière

20) ( fit) gen rentrer

five into four won't go — quatre n'est pas divisible par cinq

21) ( be expressed in particular way)

I can't remember how the poem goes — je n'arrive pas à me rappeler le poème

how does the song go? — quel est l'air de la chanson?

as the saying goes — comme dit le proverbe

22) ( be accepted)

what he says goes — c'est lui qui fait la loi

it goes without saying that — il va sans dire que

anything goes — tout est permis

23) ( be about to)

to be going to do — aller faire

it's going to snow — il va neiger

24) ( happen)

the party went very well — la soirée s'est très bien passée

the way things are going — si ça continue comme ça

how's it going? — (colloq)

how are things going? — comment ça va? (colloq)

how goes it? — hum comment ça va? (colloq)

25) ( be on average)

it's old, as Australian towns go — c'est une ville assez vieille pour une ville australienne

it wasn't a bad party, as parties go — c'était une soirée plutôt réussie par rapport à la moyenne

26) ( be sold)

the house went for over £100,000 — la maison a été vendue à plus de 100000 livres

‘going, going, gone!’ — ‘une fois, deux fois, trois fois, adjugé!’

27) ( be on offer)

I'll have some coffee, if there's any going — je prendrai bien un café, s'il y en a

it's the best machine going — c'est la meilleure machine sur le marché

there's a job going — il y a un poste libre

28) ( contribute)

the money will go towards a new roof — l'argent servira à payer un nouveau toit

everything that goes to make a good teacher — toutes les qualités d'un bon enseignant

29) ( be given) [award, prize] aller (to à); [estate, inheritance, title] passer (to à)

the job went to a local man — le poste a été donné à un homme de la région

30) ( emphatic use)

why did he go and spoil it? — pourquoi est-il allé tout gâcher?

he went and won the competition! — il s'est débrouillé pour gagner le concours!

you've really gone and done it now! — tu peux être fier de toi! iron

then he had to go and lose his wallet — comme s'il ne manquait plus que ça, il a perdu son portefeuille

31) ( of money) (be spent, used up)

all his money goes on drink — tout son argent passe dans l'alcool

I don't know where all my money goes (to)! — je ne sais pas ce que je fais de mon argent!

32) (make sound, perform action or movement) gen faire; [bell, alarm] sonner

the cat went ‘miaow’ — le chat a fait ‘miaou’

wait until the bell goes — attends que la cloche sonne (subj)

she went like this with her fingers — elle a fait comme ça avec ses doigts

33) (resort to, have recourse to)

to go to war — [country] entrer en guerre; [soldier] partir à la guerre

to go to law GB ou to the law US — aller en justice

34) (break, collapse etc) [roof] s'effondrer; [cable, rope] se rompre; [light bulb] griller

35) ( take one's turn)

you go next — c'est ton tour après, c'est à toi après

you go first — après vous

36) ( be in harmony)

those two colours don't go together — ces deux couleurs ne vont pas ensemble

37) ( in takeaway)

to go — à emporter
2.
transitive verb (3^e pers sg prés goes; prét went; pp gone) faire [number of miles]

are you going my way? — tu vas dans la même direction que moi?
3.
noun (pl goes)

1) GB ( turn) tour m; ( try) essai m

whose go is it? — gen à qui le tour?; ( in game) à qui de jouer?

I had to have several goes before passing — j'ai dû m'y reprendre à plusieurs fois avant de réussir

2) (colloq) ( energy)

to be full of go —

to be all go — être très dynamique

•

Phrasal Verbs:

- go about

- go across

- go after

- go against

- go ahead

- go along

- go along with

- go around

- go at

- go away

- go back

- go back on

- go before

- go below

- go by

- go down

- go for

- go forward

- go in

- go in for

- go into

- go off

- go off with

- go on

- go on at

- go out

- go over

- go round

- go through

- go through with

- go together

- go under

- go up

- go with

- go without

••

all systems are go! — Aerospace tout est paré pour le lancement!

to have a go at somebody — s'en prendre à quelqu'un

to make a go of something — réussir quelque chose

she's always on the go — elle n'arrête jamais

he's all go! — (colloq) il n'arrête pas!

we have several different projects on the go — nous avons plusieurs projets différents en chantier

(it's) no go! — pas question!

from the word go — dès le départ

in one go — d'un seul coup

to go one better than somebody — renchérir sur quelqu'un

that's how it goes! —

that's the way it goes! — c'est la vie!

there you go! — (colloq) voilà!

English-French dictionary > go
9 stand

1. intransitive verb,
stood

1) stehen

stand in a line or row — sich in einer Reihe aufstellen; (be standing) in einer Reihe stehen

we stood talking — wir standen da und unterhielten uns

2) (have height)

he stands six feet tall/the tree stands 30 feet high — er ist sechs Fuß groß/der Baum ist 30 Fuß hoch

3) (be at level) [Aktien, Währung, Thermometer:] stehen (at auf + Dat.); [Fonds:] sich belaufen (at auf + Akk.); [Absatz, Export usw.:] liegen (at bei)

4) (hold good) bestehen bleiben

my offer/promise still stands — mein Angebot/Versprechen gilt nach wie vor

5) (find oneself, be)

stand convicted of treachery — wegen Verrats verurteilt sein

as it stands, as things stand — wie die Dinge [jetzt] liegen

the law as it stands — das bestehende od. gültige Recht

I'd like to know where I stand — (fig.) ich möchte wissen, wo ich dran bin

stand in need of something — einer Sache (Gen.) dringend bedürfen

6) (be candidate) kandidieren ( for für)

stand in an election — bei einer Wahl kandidieren

stand as a Liberal/Conservative — für die Liberalen/Konservativen kandidieren

stand for Parliament — (Brit.) für einen Parlamentssitz kandidieren

7)

stand proxy for somebody — jemanden vertreten

8) (place oneself) sich stellen

stand in the way of something — (fig.) einer Sache (Dat.) im Weg stehen

[not] stand in somebody's way — (fig.) jemandem [keine] Steine in den Weg legen

9) (be likely)

stand to win or gain/lose something — etwas gewinnen/verlieren können
2. transitive verb,
stood

1) (set in position) stellen

stand something on end/upside down — etwas hochkant/auf den Kopf stellen

2) (endure) ertragen; vertragen [Klima]

I can't stand the heat/noise — ich halte die Hitze/den Lärm nicht aus

I cannot stand [the sight of] him/her — ich kann ihn/sie nicht ausstehen

he can't stand the pressure/strain/stress — er ist dem Druck/den Strapazen/dem Stress nicht gewachsen

I can't stand it any longer! — ich halte es nicht mehr aus!; see also academic.ru/75052/time">time 1. 1)

3) (undergo) ausgesetzt sein (+ Dat.)

stand trial [for something] — [wegen etwas] vor Gericht stehen

4) (buy)

stand somebody something — jemandem etwas ausgeben od. spendieren (ugs.)
3. noun
1) (support) Ständer, der

2) (stall; at exhibition) Stand, der

3) (raised structure, grandstand) Tribüne, die

4) (resistance) Widerstand, der

take or make a stand — (fig.) klar Stellung beziehen (for/against/on für/gegen/zu)

5) (standing place for taxi, bus, etc.) Stand, der

Phrasal Verbs:

- stand about

- stand aside

- stand back

- stand between

- stand by

- stand down

- stand for

- stand in

- stand out

- stand over

- stand together

- stand up

- stand up for

- stand up to

* * *
[stænd] 1. past tense, past participle - stood; verb
1) (to be in an upright position, not sitting or lying: His leg was so painful that he could hardly stand; After the storm, few trees were left standing.) stehen

2) ((often with up) to rise to the feet: He pushed back his chair and stood up; Some people like to stand (up) when the National Anthem is played.) (auf)stehen

3) (to remain motionless: The train stood for an hour outside Newcastle.) stehen

4) (to remain unchanged: This law still stands.) gelten

5) (to be in or have a particular place: There is now a factory where our house once stood.) stehen

6) (to be in a particular state, condition or situation: As matters stand, we can do nothing to help; How do you stand financially?) liegen

7) (to accept or offer oneself for a particular position etc: He is standing as Parliamentary candidate for our district.) bewerben

8) (to put in a particular position, especially upright: He picked up the fallen chair and stood it beside the table.) stellen

9) (to undergo or endure: He will stand (his) trial for murder; I can't stand her rudeness any longer.) ertragen

10) (to pay for (a meal etc) for (a person): Let me stand you a drink!) spendieren
2. noun
1) (a position or place in which to stand ready to fight etc, or an act of fighting etc: The guard took up his stand at the gate; I shall make a stand for what I believe is right.) der Platz

2) (an object, especially a piece of furniture, for holding or supporting something: a coat-stand; The sculpture had been removed from its stand for cleaning.) der Ständer

3) (a stall where goods are displayed for sale or advertisement.) der Stand

4) (a large structure beside a football pitch, race course etc with rows of seats for spectators: The stand was crowded.) die Tribüne

5) ((American) a witness box in a law court.) der Zeugenstand

•

- take the stand
- standing 3. noun
1) (time of lasting: an agreement of long standing.) die Dauer

2) (rank or reputation: a diplomat of high standing.) der Stand

•

- stand-by
4. adjective
((of an airline passenger or ticket) costing or paying less than the usual fare, as the passenger does not book a seat for a particular flight, but waits for the first available seat.) stand-by
5. adverb
(travelling in this way: It costs a lot less to travel stand-by.) stand-by

- stand-in
- standing-room
- make someone's hair stand on end
- stand aside
- stand back
- stand by
- stand down
- stand fast/firm
- stand for
- stand in
- stand on one's own two feet
- stand on one's own feet
- stand out
- stand over
- stand up for
- stand up to
* * *

stand

[stænd]

I. NOUN

1. (physical position) Stellung f

to take up a \stand somewhere sich akk irgendwo hinstellen

2. (position on an issue) Einstellung f (on zu + dat), Ansicht f (on zu + dat)

what's her \stand on sexual equality? wie steht sie zur Gleichberechtigung?

to make a \stand against sth sich akk gegen etw akk auflehnen

to take a \stand on sth sich akk für etw akk einsetzen

it's her civic duty to take a \stand on civil rights es ist ihre Bürgerpflicht, die Bürgerrechte zu verteidigen

to take a \stand with sb jdm gegenübertreten

I had to take a firm \stand with my son and forbid him to attend that party ich musste meinem Sohn gegenüber hart bleiben und ihm verbieten, diese Party zu besuchen

3. ( form: standstill) Stillstand m

to bring sb/sth to a \stand jdm/etw Einhalt gebieten geh

4. usu pl (raised seating for spectators) [Zuschauer]tribüne f

5. (support) Ständer m

music/revolving \stand Noten-/Drehständer m

6. CHEM Stativ nt

7. (stall) [Verkaufs]stand m

candy/news \stand Süßwaren-/Zeitungsstand m

8. (for vehicles) Stand m

taxi \stand Taxistand m

9. AM (series of performances) Gastspiel nt

one-night \stand One-Night-Stand m fam

10. AM LAW

▪ the \stand der Zeugenstand

to take the \stand vor Gericht aussagen

11. MIL (resistance) Widerstand m

to make [or take] a \stand ( fig) klar Stellung beziehen

12. (group of plants)

\stand of clover Büschel nt Klee

\stand of trees Baumgruppe f

II. INTRANSITIVE VERB

<stood, stood>

1. (be upright) stehen

\stand against the wall stell dich an die Wand

\stand in front of the house stell dich vor das Haus

\stand in a straight line! stellen Sie sich in einer Reihe auf!

the team will \stand or fall by the success of their new model das Team steht und fällt mit dem Erfolg seines neuen Modells

\stand and deliver! ( dated) Hände hoch und Geld her!

to \stand to [or at] attention MIL stillstehen

to \stand guard [or watch] [over sb/sth] [bei jdm/etw] Wache halten

he felt it necessary to \stand watch over the cash box er hielt es für nötig, die Kasse im Auge zu behalten

to \stand on one's hands/head einen Hand-/Kopfstand machen

to \stand clear [or aside] aus dem Weg gehen, beiseitetreten

to \stand erect [or tall] aufrecht [o gerade] stehen

to \stand motionless regungslos dastehen

to \stand still stillstehen

2. + n (be a stated height) messen geh

he \stands over seven feet er misst über sieben Fuß

3. FOOD (remain untouched) stehen

4. (be located) liegen

an old hut stood by the river am Fluss stand eine alte Hütte

the train is \standing at platform 8 der Zug steht auf Gleis 8

to \stand in sb's way jdm im Weg stehen

to \stand in the way of sth etw dat im Weg[e] stehen [o hinderlich sein]

to \stand open offen stehen

5. (have a viewpoint)

how [or where] do you \stand on the issue of foreign policy? was ist Ihre Meinung zur Außenpolitik?

from where she \stands it seemed reasonable to ask von ihrer Warte aus schien es vernünftig zu fragen

6. + adj (be in a specified state) stehen

I never know where I \stand with my boss ich weiß nie, wie ich mit meinem Chef dran bin fam

how do you think your chances \stand of being offered the job? wie, glaubst du, stehen deine Chancen, dass man dir die Stelle anbietet?

with the situation as it \stands right now... so wie die Sache im Moment aussieht,...

to \stand high/low in sb's opinion bei jdm sehr [o hoch] /wenig [o schlecht] angesehen sein

to \stand alone beispiellos [o einzigartig] sein

to \stand aloof from sb/sth ( form) sich akk von jdm/etw distanzieren

to \stand empty [or idle] leer stehen

to \stand fast [or firm] standhaft sein

\stand firm on your decision steh fest zu deinem Entschluss

to \stand pat esp AM hart [o standfest] bleiben

to \stand second/third an zweiter/dritter Stelle stehen

to \stand accused of sth wegen einer S. gen unter Anklage stehen

to \stand accused of murder des Mordes angeklagt sein

to \stand corrected ( form) sich akk geschlagen geben fam

I \stand corrected ich muss mich korrigieren [o gebe meinen Fehler zu]

to \stand to gain [or win] /lose sth wahrscheinlich etw gewinnen/verlieren

7. (separate from)

▪ to \stand between sb/sth zwischen jdm/etw stehen

the handouts he got from his parents were all that stood between Dan and destitution es waren allein die Zuwendungen, die Dan von seinen Eltern erhielt, was ihn vor völliger Mittellosigkeit bewahrte

8. (remain valid) gelten, Bestand haben

does that still \stand? ist das noch gültig?, gilt das noch?

his work still \stands as one of the greatest advances in medical theory seine Arbeit gilt immer noch als eine der größten Leistungen in der Medizin

Newtonian mechanics stood for over two hundred years die Newton'sche Mechanik galt zweihundert Jahre lang unangefochten

9. BRIT, AUS (be a candidate for office) sich akk zur Wahl stellen, kandidieren

▪ to \stand for sth für etw akk kandidieren

to \stand for election sich akk zur Wahl stellen

10.

▶ to \stand on one's own two feet auf eigenen Füßen stehen

▶ to be able to do sth \standing on one's head ( fam) etw mit links machen können fam

▶ to not leave one stone \standing on another keinen Stein auf dem anderen lassen

▶ it \stands to reason [that]... es ist logisch [o leuchtet ein], dass...

III. TRANSITIVE VERB

<stood, stood>

1. (place upright)

▪ to \stand sth somewhere etw irgendwohin hinstellen

she stood the yardstick upright against the wall sie stellte den Messstab gegen die Wand

to \stand sth on its head etw auf den Kopf stellen

2. (refuse to be moved)

to \stand one's ground wie angewurzelt stehen bleiben; (refuse to yield) standhaft bleiben

3. (bear)

▪ to \stand sth etw ertragen [o fam aushalten]

▪ to not [be able to] \stand sth etw nicht ertragen können

our tent won't \stand another storm unser Zelt wird keinen weiteren Sturm überstehen

she can't \stand anyone touching her sie kann es nicht leiden, wenn man sie anfasst

to not be able to \stand the sight of sth den Anblick von etw dat nicht ertragen können

to \stand the test of time die Zeit überdauern

4. (pay for)

▪ to \stand sb sth jdm etw ausgeben [o spendieren]

Catherine stood us all a drink Catherine lud uns alle zu einem Drink ein

to \stand bail for sb für jdn Kaution stellen [o Sicherheit leisten

5. ( fam)

to \stand a chance of doing sth gute Aussichten haben, etw zu tun

6. LAW

to \stand trial [for sth] sich akk vor Gericht [für etw akk] verantworten müssen

7.

▶ to \stand sb in good stead jdm von Nutzen [o Vorteil] sein

* * *
[stnd] vb: pret, ptp stood
1. n

1) (= position) Platz m, Standort m; (fig) Standpunkt m, Einstellung f (on zu)

my stand is that... — ich stehe auf dem Standpunkt, dass..., ich vertrete die Einstellung, dass...

to take a stand (on a matter) — (zu einer Angelegenheit) eine Einstellung vertreten

to take a firm stand — einen festen Standpunkt vertreten (on zu)

2) (MIL: resistance) Widerstand m; (= battle) Gefecht nt

to make a stand (lit, fig) — sich widersetzen, Widerstand leisten

that was their last stand — das war ihr letztes Gefecht

3) (= taxi stand) Stand m

4) (Brit THEAT) Gastspiel nt; (of pop group etc) Konzert nt

5) (= furniture, lamp stand, music stand) Ständer m

6) (= market stall etc) Stand m

7) (= band stand) Podium nt

8) (Brit SPORT) Tribüne f; (US JUR) Zeugenstand m

(we sat) in the stand — (wir saßen) auf der Tribüne

to take the stand (Jur) — in den Zeugenstand treten

9) (esp US FOREST) (Baum)bestand m

2. vt

1) (= place) stellen → stead, head

See:

→ stead, head

2) (= withstand) pressure, close examination etc (= object) standhalten (+dat); (person) gewachsen sein (+dat); test bestehen; climate vertragen; heat, noise ertragen, aushalten; loss, cost verkraften

the wall could stand another coat of paint (inf) — die Wand könnte noch einen Anstrich vertragen

3) (inf: put up with) person, noise, interruptions etc aushalten

I can't stand being kept waiting —

I can't stand it any longer — ich halte das nicht mehr (länger) aus

4) (Brit inf

= treat) to stand sb a drink/a meal — jdm einen Drink/ein Essen spendieren

5)

to stand trial — vor Gericht stehen (for wegen)

3. vi

1) (= be upright) stehen; (= get up) aufstehen

all stand! — alles aufstehen!

don't just stand there(, do something)! — stehen Sie nicht nur( dumm) rum, tun Sie was! (inf)

to stand still — still stehen

we stood talking —

stand and deliver! (old, hum) — anhalten, her mit dem Zeug! (inf)

See:

→ attention, ease

2) (= measure person) groß sein; (tree etc) hoch sein

3) (= be situated) stehen

it has stood there for 600 years — es steht da schon seit 600 Jahren

4) (= remain unchanged) stehen; (fig) bestehen (bleiben)

5)

to stand as a candidate — kandidieren

See:

→ also stand for

6) (= continue to be valid offer, argument, promise) gelten; (objection, contract) gültig bleiben; (decision, record, account) stehen

the theory stands or falls by or on this — damit steht und fällt die Theorie

7) (= be at a certain level thermometer, record) stehen (at auf +dat); (sales) liegen (at bei)

8) (fig

= be in a position) we stand to lose/gain a lot — wir können sehr viel verlieren/gewinnen

he stands to make a lot of money — er wird wohl eine Menge Geld (dabei) verdienen

what do we stand to gain by it? — was springt für uns dabei heraus? (inf), was bringt uns (dat) das ein?

9) (fig

= be placed) how do we stand? — wie stehen wir?

I'd like to know where I stand (with him) — ich möchte wissen, woran ich (bei ihm) bin

where do you stand with him? — wie stehen Sie sich mit ihm?

where do you stand on this issue? — welchen Standpunkt vertreten Sie in dieser Frage?

as things stand — nach Lage der Dinge

as it stands — so wie die Sache aussieht

to stand accused of sth — einer Sache (gen) angeklagt sein

10) (fig

= be, continue to be) to stand firm or fast — festbleiben

to stand ready —

to stand in need of help — Hilfe brauchen

to stand together — zusammenhalten

to stand (as) security for sb — für jdn bürgen

nothing now stands between us — es steht nichts mehr zwischen uns

11)

to leave sb/sth standing ( Brit inf ) — jdn/etw in den Schatten stellen

* * *

stand [stænd]

A s

1. a) Stehen n

b) Stillstand m, Halt m

2. a) (Stand)Platz m, Standort m

b) fig Standpunkt m:

take a stand Stellung beziehen (on zu);

take a common stand einen gemeinsamen Standpunkt einnehmen

3. fig Eintreten n:

make a stand against sich entgegenstellen oder -stemmen (dat), Front machen gegen;

make a stand for sich einsetzen für

4. a) (Zuschauer)Tribüne f

b) Podium n

5. JUR US Zeugenstand m:

on the stand im Zeugenstand;

take the stand

a) den Zeugenstand betreten,

b) als Zeuge aussagen

6. WIRTSCH (Verkaufs-, Messe) Stand m

7. Stand(platz) m (für Taxis)

8. (Kleider-, Noten- etc) Ständer m

9. Gestell n, Regal n

10. a) Stativ n

b) Stütze f

11. (Baum)Bestand m

12. AGR Stand m (des Getreides etc), (zu erwartende) Ernte:

stand of wheat stehender Weizen

13. THEAT Gastspiel(ort) n(m): → one-night stand

14. auch stand of arms MIL (vollständige) Ausrüstung (eines Soldaten)

B v/i prät und pperf stood [stʊd]

1. a) allg stehen:

as there were no seats left, we had to stand;

…, (as) sure ( oder true) as I’m standing here …, so wahr ich hier stehe!;

don’t just stand there, help me! steh nicht herum, hilf mir!;

stand alone allein (da)stehen ( with mit einer Ansicht etc); unerreicht dastehen oder da sein;

stand fast ( oder firm) festbleiben, hart bleiben ( beide:

on in dat)( → B 4);

stand or fall by stehen und fallen mit;

stand gasping keuchend dastehen;

stand on one’s head

a) einen Kopfstand machen, kopfstehen,

b) fig (vor Freude etc) kopfstehen;

I could do this standing on my head umg das könnte ich mit links oder stehend freihändig machen;

stand on one’s hands einen Handstand machen;

stand to lose (to win) (mit Sicherheit) verlieren (gewinnen);

how are things standing? wie stehen die Dinge?;

how do we stand in comparision to …? wie stehen wir im Vergleich zu …?;

as matters ( oder things) stand nach Lage der Dinge, so wie die Dinge stehen;

I want to know where ( oder how) I stand ich will wissen, woran ich bin;

you always know where ( oder how) you stand with him man weiß immer, wie man mit ihm dran ist;

the wind stands in the west der Wind weht von Westen;

stand well with sb mit jemandem gut stehen, sich mit jemandem gut stellen;

leave sb (sth) standing Br umg jemanden (etwas) in den Schatten stellen; → attention 4, foot A 1, leg Bes Redew

c) aufstehen

2. stehen, liegen, sich befinden, sein (Sache): → empty A 2, idle A 5

3. sein:

stand ready; → accuse a, convict A 1 a, correct A 2, need A 1

4. a) auch stand still stillstehen:

stand! halt!;

stand fast! MIL Br stillgestanden!, US Abteilung halt! ( → B 1);

stand still for US → C 7

b) stand and deliver! HIST (Kutschenüberfall) halt, alles Geld her!

5. bleiben:

stand neutral, etc;

and so it stands und dabei bleibt es

6. sich stellen, treten:

stand clear zurücktreten (of von);

stand clear of auch den Eingang etc frei machen;

stand on the defensive sich verteidigen;

stand on the offensive zum Angriff antreten; → stand back 1

7. stand six feet sechs Fuß groß sein (Person), sechs Fuß hoch sein (Mauer etc)

8. sich behaupten, bestehen ( beide:

against gegen):

stand through sth etwas überstehen oder -dauern

9. fig festbleiben

10. (weiterhin) gelten:

my offer stands mein Angebot gilt nach wie vor oder bleibt bestehen;

let sth stand etwas gelten oder bestehen bleiben lassen

11. SCHIFF (auf einem Kurs) liegen oder sein, steuern, halten

12. JAGD vorstehen ([ up]on dat) (Hund)

C v/t

1. stellen (on auf akk):

stand a plane on its nose FLUG einen Kopfstand machen;

stand sth on its head fig etwas auf den Kopf stellen

2. standhalten (dat), aushalten:

he can’t stand the climate er kann das Klima nicht (v)ertragen;

I couldn’t stand the pain ich konnte den Schmerz nicht aushalten oder ertragen;

she couldn’t stand the pressure sie war dem Druck nicht gewachsen;

I can’t stand him ich kann ihn nicht ausstehen oder leiden;

I can’t stand being told ( oder people telling me) what to do ich kann es nicht ausstehen oder leiden, wenn man mir Vorschriften macht; → heat A 1 a, racket² A 4, sight A 2

3. sich etwas gefallen lassen, dulden, ertragen:

I won’t stand that any longer das lasse ich mir nicht länger bieten

4. sich einer Sache unterziehen: → trial A 2

5. bestehen: → test¹ A 2

6. a) Pate stehen

b) Bürgschaft etc leisten: → security 5, sponsor A 2, surety 1

c) Wache stehen: → guard C 3

7. umg

a) aufkommen für

b) (jemandem) ein Essen etc spendieren:

stand a drink einen ausgeben oder spendieren;

stand a round eine Runde schmeißen; → treat C 3

8. eine Chance haben

* * *
1. intransitive verb,
stood

1) stehen

stand in a line or row — sich in einer Reihe aufstellen; (be standing) in einer Reihe stehen

we stood talking — wir standen da und unterhielten uns

2) (have height)

he stands six feet tall/the tree stands 30 feet high — er ist sechs Fuß groß/der Baum ist 30 Fuß hoch

3) (be at level) [Aktien, Währung, Thermometer:] stehen (at auf + Dat.); [Fonds:] sich belaufen (at auf + Akk.); [Absatz, Export usw.:] liegen (at bei)

4) (hold good) bestehen bleiben

my offer/promise still stands — mein Angebot/Versprechen gilt nach wie vor

5) (find oneself, be)

stand convicted of treachery — wegen Verrats verurteilt sein

as it stands, as things stand — wie die Dinge [jetzt] liegen

the law as it stands — das bestehende od. gültige Recht

I'd like to know where I stand — (fig.) ich möchte wissen, wo ich dran bin

stand in need of something — einer Sache (Gen.) dringend bedürfen

6) (be candidate) kandidieren ( for für)

stand in an election — bei einer Wahl kandidieren

stand as a Liberal/Conservative — für die Liberalen/Konservativen kandidieren

stand for Parliament — (Brit.) für einen Parlamentssitz kandidieren

7)

stand proxy for somebody — jemanden vertreten

8) (place oneself) sich stellen

stand in the way of something — (fig.) einer Sache (Dat.) im Weg stehen

[not] stand in somebody's way — (fig.) jemandem [keine] Steine in den Weg legen

9) (be likely)

stand to win or gain/lose something — etwas gewinnen/verlieren können
2. transitive verb,
stood

1) (set in position) stellen

stand something on end/upside down — etwas hochkant/auf den Kopf stellen

2) (endure) ertragen; vertragen [Klima]

I can't stand the heat/noise — ich halte die Hitze/den Lärm nicht aus

I cannot stand [the sight of] him/her — ich kann ihn/sie nicht ausstehen

he can't stand the pressure/strain/stress — er ist dem Druck/den Strapazen/dem Stress nicht gewachsen

I can't stand it any longer! — ich halte es nicht mehr aus!; see also time 1. 1)

3) (undergo) ausgesetzt sein (+ Dat.)

stand trial [for something] — [wegen etwas] vor Gericht stehen

4) (buy)

stand somebody something — jemandem etwas ausgeben od. spendieren (ugs.)
3. noun
1) (support) Ständer, der

2) (stall; at exhibition) Stand, der

3) (raised structure, grandstand) Tribüne, die

4) (resistance) Widerstand, der

take or make a stand — (fig.) klar Stellung beziehen (for/against/on für/gegen/zu)

5) (standing place for taxi, bus, etc.) Stand, der

Phrasal Verbs:

- stand about

- stand aside

- stand back

- stand between

- stand by

- stand down

- stand for

- stand in

- stand out

- stand over

- stand together

- stand up

- stand up for

- stand up to

* * *

(microphone) n.

Stativ -e n. n.

Gestell -e n.

Stand ¨-e m.

Ständer - m. (one's) trial expr.

sich vor Gericht verantworten ausdr. (up) for expr.

eintreten für ausdr. (to tolerate) v.

ertragen prät. v.

(§ p.,p.p.: stood)

= andauern v.

stehen v.

(§ p.,pp.: stand, gestanden)

English-german dictionary > stand
10 hold

I
1. həuld past tense, past participle - held; verb
1) (to have in one's hand(s) or between one's hands: He was holding a knife; Hold that dish with both hands; He held the little boy's hand; He held the mouse by its tail.) tener en las manos, agarrar, asir

2) (to have in a part, or between parts, of the body, or between parts of a tool etc: He held the pencil in his teeth; She was holding a pile of books in her arms; Hold the stamp with tweezers.) tener; aguantar

3) (to support or keep from moving, running away, falling etc: What holds that shelf up?; He held the door closed by leaning against it; Hold your hands above your head; Hold his arms so that he can't struggle.) aguantar, soportar

4) (to remain in position, fixed etc when under strain: I've tied the two pieces of string together, but I'm not sure the knot will hold; Will the anchor hold in a storm?) aguantar

5) (to keep (a person) in some place or in one's power: The police are holding a man for questioning in connection with the murder; He was held captive.) detener, retener

6) (to (be able to) contain: This jug holds two pints; You can't hold water in a handkerchief; This drawer holds all my shirts.) tener (una)capacidad de, contener

7) (to cause to take place: The meeting will be held next week; We'll hold the meeting in the hall.) tener lugar, celebrar, organizar

8) (to keep (oneself), or to be, in a particular state or condition: We'll hold ourselves in readiness in case you send for us; She holds herself very erect.) mantenerse

9) (to have or be in (a job etc): He held the position of company secretary for five years.) ocupar, desempeñar, ejercer

10) (to think strongly; to believe; to consider or regard: I hold that this was the right decision; He holds me (to be) responsible for everyone's mistakes; He is held in great respect; He holds certain very odd beliefs.) creer, considerar, estar seguro

11) (to continue to be valid or apply: Our offer will hold until next week; These rules hold under all circumstances.) ser válido, tener validez

12) ((with to) to force (a person) to do something he has promised to do: I intend to hold him to his promises.) hacer cumplir

13) (to defend: They held the castle against the enemy.) defender

14) (not to be beaten by: The general realized that the soldiers could not hold the enemy for long.) resistir (frente)

15) (to keep (a person's attention): If you can't hold your pupils' attention, you can't be a good teacher.) mantener

16) (to keep someone in a certain state: Don't hold us in suspense, what was the final decision?) tener

17) (to celebrate: The festival is held on 24 June.) tener lugar, celebrarse

18) (to be the owner of: He holds shares in this company.) poseer, tener

19) ((of good weather) to continue: I hope the weather holds until after the school sports.) mantenerse, aguantar

20) ((also hold the line) (of a person who is making a telephone call) to wait: Mr Brown is busy at the moment - will you hold or would you like him to call you back?) esperar, aguardar

21) (to continue to sing: Please hold that note for four whole beats.) aguantar

22) (to keep (something): They'll hold your luggage at the station until you collect it.) guardar

23) ((of the future) to be going to produce: I wonder what the future holds for me?) deparar

2. noun
1) (the act of holding: He caught/got/laid/took hold of the rope and pulled; Keep hold of that rope.) control; asimiento

2) (power; influence: He has a strange hold over that girl.) dominio, influencia

3) ((in wrestling etc) a manner of holding one's opponent: The wrestler invented a new hold.) llave

•

- - holder
- hold-all
- get hold of
- hold back
- hold down
- hold forth
- hold good
- hold it
- hold off
- hold on
- hold out
- hold one's own
- hold one's tongue
- hold up
- hold-up
- hold with
II həuld noun
((in ships) the place, below the deck, where cargo is stored.) bodega

hold¹ n bodega

he hid in the hold of the ship se escondió en la bodega del barco

to get hold of someone ponerse en contacto con alguien

to get hold of something coger algo / agarrar algo

to take hold of something coger algo

hold² vb

1. sostener / tener en la mano

can you hold my camera, please? ¿me aguantas la cámara, por favor?

she held her baby in her arms tenía el bebé en brazos

2. coger / sujetar

hold it tight! ¡sujétalo fuerte!

hold my hand dame la mano

hold me tight abrázame fuerte

3. tener una capacidad / tener cabida

this glass holds half a litre en este vaso cabe medio litro

the stadium holds 100,000 people el estadio tiene cabida para 100.000 personas

4. celebrar / dar

they held a party for her le hicieron una fiesta

elections will be held soon pronto se celebrarán elecciones

5. tener / ocupar

he holds the office of secretary ocupa el puesto de secretario

to hold a conversation mantener una conversación

to hold hands ir cogidos de la mano

to hold your breath contener la respiración

to hold the line no colgar el teléfono

El pasado y participio pasado de hold es held; el gerundio se escribe holding

hold

tr[həʊld]

noun

1 (grip) asimiento

2 (place to grip) asidero

3 (in ship, plane) bodega

4 (control) autoridad nombre femenino, control nombre masculino; (influence) influencia

■ governments should exert a strong hold on public expenditure los gobiernos deben aplicar un control riguroso sobre el gasto público

■ she has a strong hold over him ella ejerce una influencia poderosa sobre él

5 (in wrestling) llave nombre femenino

transitive verb (pt & pp held tr[held])

1 (keep in one's hand) aguantar, sostener; (grip tightly) agarrar; (support) soportar, aguantar

■ hold my bag aguántame el bolso

2 (maintain - opinion) sostener

3 (contain) dar cabida a, tener capacidad para

■ the stadium holds a lot of people el estadio tiene capacidad para mucha gente

4 figurative use deparar

■ I don't know what the future holds for me no sé lo que el futuro me deparará, no sé lo que me espera en el futuro

5 (meeting) celebrar; (conversation) mantener

■ political parties often hold meetings in parks los partidos políticos celebran a menudo sus mítines en los parques

■ she loves holding long chats with her best friend le encanta mantener largas charlas con su mejor amiga

6 (think) creer, considerar

7 (keep) guardar

intransitive verb

1 (withstand attack, pressure) resistir

2 (remain true) seguir siendo válido,-a

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

to catch hold of agarrar, asir, coger

to get hold of (grab) agarrar, asir, coger 2 (obtain) hacerse con, encontrar, localizar

■ wait till I get hold of you! ¡espera a que te coja!

■ I can't get hold of that book anywhere no encuentro ese libro en ninguna parte

■ she couldn't get hold of him all afternoon no lo pudo localizar en toda la tarde

to hold one's head high llevar bien alta la cabeza

to hold one's own figurative use defenderse

■ he can hold his own in Spanish se defiende en español

to hold somebody abrazar a alguien

to hold somebody's hand cogerle la mano a alguien

to hold the road SMALLAUTOMOBILES/SMALL agarrarse a la carretera

hold ['ho:ld] v, held ['hɛld] ; holding vt

1) possess: tener

to hold office: ocupar un puesto

2) restrain: detener, controlar

to hold one's temper: controlar su mal genio

3) clasp, grasp: agarrar, coger

to hold hands: agarrarse de la mano

4) : sujetar, mantener fijo

hold this nail for me: sujétame este clavo

5) contain: contener, dar cabida a

6) support: aguantar, sostener

7) regard: considerar, tener

he held me responsible: me consideró responsable

8) conduct: celebrar (una reunión), realizar (un evento), mantener (una conversación)

hold vi

1) : aguantar, resistir

the rope will hold: la cuerda resistirá

2) : ser válido, valer

my offer still holds: mi oferta todavía es válida

3)

to hold forth : perorar, arengar

4)

to hold to : mantenerse firme en

5)

to hold with : estar de acuerdo con

hold n

1) grip: agarre m, llave f (en deportes)

2) control: control m, dominio m

to get hold of oneself: controlarse

3) delay: demora f

to put on hold: suspender temporalmente

4) : bodega f (en un barco o un avión)

5)

to get hold of : conseguir, localizar

hold (on -)

adj.

• retenido, -a adj.

n.

• agarradero s.m.

• agarre s.m.

• agarro s.m.

• apresamiento s.m.

• arraigo s.m.

• mango s.m.

• retención s.f. (To contain)

v.

(§ p.,p.p.: held) = caber v.

(§pres: quepo, cabes...) pret: cup-

fut/c: cabr-•) (To fit)

v.

(§ p.,p.p.: held) = adherir v. (To hold back)

v.

(§ p.,p.p.: held) = detener v.

(§pres: -tengo, -tienes...-tenemos) pret: -tuv-

fut/c: -tendr-•)

v.

(§ p.,p.p.: held) = contener v.

(§pres: -tengo, -tienes...-tenemos) pret: -tuv-

fut/c: -tendr-•)

• mantener v.

(§pres: -tengo, -tienes...-tenemos) pret: -tuv-

fut/c: -tendr-•)

• retener v.

(§pres: -tengo, -tienes...-tenemos) pret: -tuv-

fut/c: -tendr-•)

• soportar v.

• sostener v.

(§pres: -tengo, -tienes...-tenemos) pret: -tuv-

fut/c: -tendr-•)

• sujetar v.

• tener v.

(§pres: tengo, tienes...tenemos) pret: tuv-

fut/c: tendr-•)

I
1. həʊld
(past & past p held) transitive verb

1)

a) ( have in one's hand(s)) tener*

she was holding a newspaper — tenía un periódico en la mano

will you hold this for me? — ¿me puedes tener or (esp AmL) agarrar esto por favor?

b) ( clasp)

hold it with both hands — sujétalo or (esp AmL) agárralo con las dos manos

he was holding her hand — la tenía agarrada or (esp Esp) cogida de la mano

hold me tight — abrázame fuerte; own III

c) ( grip) ( Auto) agarrar, adherirse*

vehicles which hold the road well — vehículos de buen agarre or que se agarran bien a la carretera

2)

a) (support, bear) sostener*, aguantar

to hold oneself erect — mantenerse* erguido

b) ( have room for) \<\<cup/jug\>\> tener* una capacidad de; \<\<stadium\>\> tener* capacidad or cabida para

c) ( contain) contener*

to hold one's liquor o (BrE) drink — ser* de buen beber, aguantar bien la bebida or (fam) el trago

d) ( have in store) deparar

who knows what the future holds — quién sabe qué nos deparará el futuro

3)

a) ( keep in position) sujetar, sostener*

raise your legs off the floor and hold them there — levanta las piernas del suelo y manténlas levantadas

b) ( maintain) \<\<attention/interest\>\> mantener*

she held the lead throughout the race — se mantuvo a la cabeza durante toda la carrera

if Labour holds these seats — si los laboristas retienen estos escaños or (RPl) estas bancas

4)

a) ( keep) \<\<tickets/room\>\> reservar, guardar

I will hold the money until... — yo me quedaré con el dinero hasta...

she asked her secretary to hold all her calls — le dijo a su secretaria que no le pasara ninguna llamada

b) (detain, imprison)

she is being held at the police station for questioning — está detenida en la comisaría para ser interrogada

c) ( restrain) detener*

once she decides to do something, there's no holding her — una vez que decide hacer algo, no hay nada que la detenga

d) ( control) \<\<troops/rebels\>\> ocupar

5)

a) ( have) \<\<passport/ticket/permit\>\> tener*, estar* en posesión de (frml); \<\<degree/shares/property\>\> tener*; \<\<record\>\> ostentar, tener*; \<\<post/position\>\> tener*, ocupar

he holds the view that... — sostiene que or mantiene que..., es de la opinión de que...

b) ( consider) considerar; ( assert) sostener*, mantener*

this is held to be the case — se considera que es así

principles which he holds dear — principios que le son caros

to hold somebody in high esteem — tener* a alguien en mucha or gran estima

to hold somebody responsible for something — responsabilizar* a alguien de algo

c) ( conduct) \<\<meeting/elections\>\> celebrar, llevar a cabo; \<\<demonstration\>\> hacer*; \<\<party\>\> dar*; \<\<conversation\>\> mantener*

interviews will be held in London — las entrevistas tendrán lugar en Londres

6)

a) ( stop)

hold it! — espera!

hold it right there or I'll shoot! — quieto o disparo!

hold your fire! — alto al fuego!

b) ( omit) (AmE)

I'll have a hamburger, but hold the mustard — para mí una hamburguesa, pero sin mostaza

2.

vi

1) (clasp, grip)

hold tight! — agárrate fuerte!

2)

a) ( stay firm) \<\<rope/door\>\> aguantar, resistir

b) ( continue) \<\<weather\>\> seguir* or continuar* bueno, mantenerse*

share prices have held — los precios de las acciones se han mantenido

if our luck holds — si nos sigue acompañando la suerte

3) ( be true) \<\<idea/analogy\>\> ser* válido

my promise still holds good — mi promesa sigue en pie

•

Phrasal Verbs:

- hold against

- hold back

- hold down

- hold forth

- hold in

- hold off

- hold on

- hold out

- hold over

- hold together

- hold up

- hold with

II

noun

1) u

a) (grip, grasp)

to catch o grab o take hold (of something) — agarrar (algo), coger* (algo) (esp Esp); ( so as not to fall etc) agarrarse or asirse (de or a algo)

he had a firm hold on the rope — tenía la cuerda bien agarrada or sujeta

to keep hold of something — no soltar* algo

you keep hold of him — que no se te escape

to get hold of somebody — localizar* or (AmL tb) ubicar* a alguien

to get hold of something — ( manage to get) conseguir* algo

where did you get hold of the idea that... ? — ¿de dónde has sacado la idea de que... ?

the fire took hold — el fuego prendió

b) ( control)

to keep a firm hold on something — mantener* algo bajo riguroso control

to get a hold of o on oneself — controlarse

the hold they have over the members of the sect — el dominio que ejercen sobre los miembros de la secta

c) (TV)

horizontal/vertical hold — control m de imagen horizontal/vertical

2) c

a) (in wrestling, judo) llave f

with no holds barred — sin ningún tipo de restricciones

b) ( in mountaineering) asidero m

3) c (delay, pause) demora f

to be on hold — \<\<negotiations\>\> estar* en compás de espera; \<\<project\>\> estar* aparcado or en suspenso

I've got Mr Brown on hold — el Sr Brown está esperando para hablar con usted

to put something on hold — \<\<project\>\> dejar algo aparcado or en suspenso

4) c (of ship, aircraft) bodega f

[hǝʊld] (vb: pt, pp held)
1. N

1) (=grasp) agarro m, asimiento m

• to catch hold of — coger, agarrar (LAm)

catch hold! — ¡toma!

• to get hold of — coger, agarrar (LAm); (fig) (=take over) adquirir, apoderarse de; (=obtain) procurarse, conseguir

where can I get hold of some red paint? — ¿dónde puedo conseguir pintura roja?

where did you get hold of that? — ¿dónde has adquirido eso?

where did you get hold of that idea? — ¿de dónde te salió esa idea?

you get hold of some odd ideas — te formas unas ideas muy raras

to get hold of sb — (fig) (=contact) localizar a algn

we're trying to get hold of him — tratamos de ponernos en contacto con él

to get (a) hold of o.s. — (fig) dominarse

• to have hold of — estar agarrado a

• to keep hold of — seguir agarrado a; (fig) guardar para sí

• to lay hold of — coger, agarrar (LAm)

• on hold, to be on hold — (Telec) estar en espera

to put sb on hold — (Telec) poner a algn en espera

to put a plan on hold — suspender temporalmente la ejecución de un plan

• to relax one's hold — desasirse (on de)

• to seize hold of — apoderarse de

• to take hold of — coger, agarrar (LAm)

2) (Mountaineering) asidero m

3) (Wrestling) presa f, llave f

with no holds barred — (fig) sin restricción, permitiéndose todo

4) (fig) (=control, influence) (exerted by person) influencia f, dominio m (on, over sobre); (exerted by habit) arraigo m (on, over en)

her powerful hold on her son — su poderosa influencia sobre su hijo

this broke the dictator's hold — esto acabó con el dominio del dictador

• to gain a firm hold over sb — llegar a dominar a algn

• to have a hold on or over sb — dominar a algn, tener dominado a algn

drink has a hold on him — la bebida está muy arraigada en él, está atrapado por la bebida

5) (Aer, Naut) bodega f, compartimento m de carga

2. VT

1) (=grasp) tener; (=grasp firmly) sujetar; (=take hold of) coger, agarrar (LAm); (=embrace) abrazar

he was holding a little mouse in his hand — tenía un ratoncillo en la mano

she came in holding a baby/bunch of flowers — entró con un niño en brazos/con un ramo de flores en las manos

he was holding her in his arms — (romantically) la tenía entre sus brazos

he held my arm — me tuvo por el brazo

hold the ladder — sujeta la escalera

hold this for a moment — coge esto un momento

hold him or he'll fall — sostenle que va a caer

• to hold sb close — abrazar a algn estrechamente

• to hold sth in place — sujetar algo en un lugar

• to hold sth tight — agarrar algo fuertemente

to hold sb tight — abrazar a algn estrechamente
nose 1., 1)
2) (=maintain, keep) [+ attention, interest] mantener; [+ belief, opinion] tener, sostener; [+ note] sostener

• can he hold an audience? — ¿sabe mantener el interés de un público?

• to hold one's head high — mantenerse firme

• to hold the line — (Telec) no colgar

• to hold one's own — defenderse

• to hold sb to his promise — hacer que algn cumpla su promesa

• this car holds the road well — este coche se agarra muy bien

• he held us spellbound — nos tuvo embelesados

• to hold o.s. upright — mantenerse recto

3) (=keep back) retener, guardar

I will hold the money for you — guardaré el dinero para ti

"hold for arrival" — (US) (on letters) "no reexpedir", "reténgase"

we are holding it pending inquiries — lo guardamos mientras se hagan indagaciones

4) (=check, restrain) [+ enemy, breath] contener

hold it! — ¡para!, ¡espera!

hold everything! — ¡que se pare todo!

the police held him for three days — lo detuvo la policía durante tres días

there was no holding him — no había manera de detenerle

• to hold sb prisoner — tener preso a algn

• to hold one's tongue — morderse la lengua, callarse la boca

5) (=possess) [+ post, town, lands] ocupar; [+ passport, ticket, shares, title] tener; (Econ) [+ reserves] tener en reserva, tener guardado; [+ record] ostentar; (Mil) [+ position] mantenerse en

• to hold the fort — (fig) quedarse a cargo

• he holds the key to the mystery — él tiene la clave del misterio

• to hold office — (Pol) ocupar un cargo

• to hold the stage — (fig) dominar la escena

6) (=contain) contener, tener capacidad or cabida para

this stadium holds 10,000 people — este estadio tiene capacidad or cabida para 10.000 personas

this holds the money — esto contiene el dinero

this bag won't hold them all — en este saco no caben todos

a car that holds six — un coche de seis plazas

what the future holds for us — lo que el futuro guarda para nosotros

what does the future hold? — ¿qué nos reserva el futuro?

7) (=carry on) [+ conversation] mantener; [+ interview, meeting, election] celebrar; [+ event] realizar; (formally) celebrar

the maths exam is being held today — hoy tiene lugar el examen de matemáticas

the meeting will be held on Monday — se celebrará la reunión el lunes, la reunión tendrá lugar el lunes

to hold a mass — (Rel) celebrar una misa

8) (=consider, believe) creer, sostener

to hold that... — creer que..., sostener que...

I hold that... — yo creo or sostengo que...

it is held by some that... — hay quien cree que...

• to hold sth dear — apreciar mucho algo

to hold sb dear — querer or apreciar mucho a algn

• to hold sb in high esteem — tener a algn en gran or alta estima

• to hold sb guilty — juzgar a algn culpable

• to hold sb in respect — tener respeto a algn

• to hold sb responsible for sth — echar la culpa a algn de algo, hacer a algn responsable de algo

• to hold sth to be true — creer que algo es verdad
peace 1.
9) (=bear weight of) soportar

3. VI

1) (=stick) pegarse; (=not give way) mantenerse firme, resistir; [weather] continuar, seguir bueno

the ceasefire seems to be holding — el cese de fuego parece que se mantiene

• to hold firm or fast — mantenerse firme

2) (=be valid) valer, ser valedero

the objection does not hold — la objeción no vale

3) (Telec)

please hold — no cuelge, por favor

- hold against

- hold back

- hold down

- hold forth

- hold in

- hold off

- hold on

- hold on to

- hold out

- hold out on

- hold over

- hold to

- hold together

- hold up

- hold with

* * *

I
1. [həʊld]
(past & past p held) transitive verb

1)

a) ( have in one's hand(s)) tener*

she was holding a newspaper — tenía un periódico en la mano

will you hold this for me? — ¿me puedes tener or (esp AmL) agarrar esto por favor?

b) ( clasp)

hold it with both hands — sujétalo or (esp AmL) agárralo con las dos manos

he was holding her hand — la tenía agarrada or (esp Esp) cogida de la mano

hold me tight — abrázame fuerte; own III

c) ( grip) ( Auto) agarrar, adherirse*

vehicles which hold the road well — vehículos de buen agarre or que se agarran bien a la carretera

2)

a) (support, bear) sostener*, aguantar

to hold oneself erect — mantenerse* erguido

b) ( have room for) \<\<cup/jug\>\> tener* una capacidad de; \<\<stadium\>\> tener* capacidad or cabida para

c) ( contain) contener*

to hold one's liquor o (BrE) drink — ser* de buen beber, aguantar bien la bebida or (fam) el trago

d) ( have in store) deparar

who knows what the future holds — quién sabe qué nos deparará el futuro

3)

a) ( keep in position) sujetar, sostener*

raise your legs off the floor and hold them there — levanta las piernas del suelo y manténlas levantadas

b) ( maintain) \<\<attention/interest\>\> mantener*

she held the lead throughout the race — se mantuvo a la cabeza durante toda la carrera

if Labour holds these seats — si los laboristas retienen estos escaños or (RPl) estas bancas

4)

a) ( keep) \<\<tickets/room\>\> reservar, guardar

I will hold the money until... — yo me quedaré con el dinero hasta...

she asked her secretary to hold all her calls — le dijo a su secretaria que no le pasara ninguna llamada

b) (detain, imprison)

she is being held at the police station for questioning — está detenida en la comisaría para ser interrogada

c) ( restrain) detener*

once she decides to do something, there's no holding her — una vez que decide hacer algo, no hay nada que la detenga

d) ( control) \<\<troops/rebels\>\> ocupar

5)

a) ( have) \<\<passport/ticket/permit\>\> tener*, estar* en posesión de (frml); \<\<degree/shares/property\>\> tener*; \<\<record\>\> ostentar, tener*; \<\<post/position\>\> tener*, ocupar

he holds the view that... — sostiene que or mantiene que..., es de la opinión de que...

b) ( consider) considerar; ( assert) sostener*, mantener*

this is held to be the case — se considera que es así

principles which he holds dear — principios que le son caros

to hold somebody in high esteem — tener* a alguien en mucha or gran estima

to hold somebody responsible for something — responsabilizar* a alguien de algo

c) ( conduct) \<\<meeting/elections\>\> celebrar, llevar a cabo; \<\<demonstration\>\> hacer*; \<\<party\>\> dar*; \<\<conversation\>\> mantener*

interviews will be held in London — las entrevistas tendrán lugar en Londres

6)

a) ( stop)

hold it! — espera!

hold it right there or I'll shoot! — quieto o disparo!

hold your fire! — alto al fuego!

b) ( omit) (AmE)

I'll have a hamburger, but hold the mustard — para mí una hamburguesa, pero sin mostaza

2.

vi

1) (clasp, grip)

hold tight! — agárrate fuerte!

2)

a) ( stay firm) \<\<rope/door\>\> aguantar, resistir

b) ( continue) \<\<weather\>\> seguir* or continuar* bueno, mantenerse*

share prices have held — los precios de las acciones se han mantenido

if our luck holds — si nos sigue acompañando la suerte

3) ( be true) \<\<idea/analogy\>\> ser* válido

my promise still holds good — mi promesa sigue en pie

•

Phrasal Verbs:

- hold against

- hold back

- hold down

- hold forth

- hold in

- hold off

- hold on

- hold out

- hold over

- hold together

- hold up

- hold with

II

noun

1) u

a) (grip, grasp)

to catch o grab o take hold (of something) — agarrar (algo), coger* (algo) (esp Esp); ( so as not to fall etc) agarrarse or asirse (de or a algo)

he had a firm hold on the rope — tenía la cuerda bien agarrada or sujeta

to keep hold of something — no soltar* algo

you keep hold of him — que no se te escape

to get hold of somebody — localizar* or (AmL tb) ubicar* a alguien

to get hold of something — ( manage to get) conseguir* algo

where did you get hold of the idea that... ? — ¿de dónde has sacado la idea de que... ?

the fire took hold — el fuego prendió

b) ( control)

to keep a firm hold on something — mantener* algo bajo riguroso control

to get a hold of o on oneself — controlarse

the hold they have over the members of the sect — el dominio que ejercen sobre los miembros de la secta

c) (TV)

horizontal/vertical hold — control m de imagen horizontal/vertical

2) c

a) (in wrestling, judo) llave f

with no holds barred — sin ningún tipo de restricciones

b) ( in mountaineering) asidero m

3) c (delay, pause) demora f

to be on hold — \<\<negotiations\>\> estar* en compás de espera; \<\<project\>\> estar* aparcado or en suspenso

I've got Mr Brown on hold — el Sr Brown está esperando para hablar con usted

to put something on hold — \<\<project\>\> dejar algo aparcado or en suspenso

4) c (of ship, aircraft) bodega f

English-spanish dictionary > hold

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the party won all but six of the seats

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Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

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the party won all but six of the seats

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